The engineered ribosome may enable the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and lead to a better understanding of how ribosomes function.
who then pass these drugs on to their unwitting patients.""The first few months of breastfeeding are highly dependent on the delivery hospital experience
#Promising antibiotic discovered in microbial ark matteran antibiotic with the ability to vanquish drug-resistant pathogens has been discovered through a soil bacterium found just beneath the surface of a grassy field in Maine.
and in 2013, there were 480,000 new cases of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis worldwide, a condition that requires treatment with increasingly toxic drugs.
Treasure hunt Many of the most successful antibiotics were found in the mid-twentieth century by scientists who trawled microbial communities for bacteria capable of killing their brethren.
By comparison, most antibiotics target proteins and it can be relatively easy for a microbe to become resistant to those drugs by accumulating mutations that alter the target protein shape.
But medical microbiologist Timothy Walsh of Cardiff University, UK, urges caution because the drug has been tested against only a small number of lab strains.
Massachusetts, that specializes in antibiotic development. oxicity is still the leading cause of failure in turning a potential antibiotic drug into a real drug,
Walsh, however, is hopeful that the ichip technique will yield new solutions to the Gram-negative problem. t could be that these ichip systems will grow bacteria that can actually produce new drugs to take out the very resistant and very pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.
and screening for new drugs to overcome PICALM deficiency e
#DNA Breakage Underlies Learning and Age Related Neurodegeneration The process that allows our brains to learn
-or neuro-stimulating drugs. e were able to demonstrate that we could make this scaffold and culture cells within it,
The finding paves the way to a whole new approach for finding a drug that can cure
which can be blocked by existing drugs. Alex Parker team is already actively testing drugs that have been approved previously by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of such disorders as rheumatoid arthritis
to see if they work with ALS. Obstacles still remain, however, before finding a remedy for curing
so these findings tell us there are important questions raised for human pain drug development. The discovery comes as there is increased attention to the inclusion of female animals and cells in preclinical research.
The herpes-based drug is called T-VEC and has already been sent to the US Food
and Drug Administration and the European Medical Agency for approval and researchers hope it will be available for consumers as early as next year.
Over 16 per cent of patients responded positively to the drug after more than six months,
Hopes for such fake DNA range from developing new drugs to creating artificial life. In 2006, Benner and his colleagues built two bases,
which is so deadly partly because of its limited treatment options, with few new and effective drugs and therapies available l
may be useful for testing new drugs or monitoring diseases. We've levitated living things using magnets before,
Understanding the varied responses of cells could be a great boon to testing out new drugs and diagnosing diseases,
"We've failed so far to find drugs to treat diarrhea using cell culture models
"We think this could be a real step forward in terms of reducing waste-of-time drug development, "Donowitz says.
and Drug Administration have also been looking into the process. The United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation estimates that from 1000 to 4000 American children are born each year with a mitochondrial disease e
The results also suggests that a drug to help the body seal up leaky blood vessels could delay
Viruses there contaminated a plant where bacteria were used to make drugs for two rare genetic disorders, Gaucher disease and Fabry disease, cutting off supplies.
because there was nothing that could protect people against Ebola no drug, vaccine or medicine,"says Dr. Marie-Paule Kieny, assistant director-general for health systems and innovation at the World health organization,
preliminary results of this vaccine trial from Guinea,"says Dr. Jesse Goodman, an infectious disease specialist at Georgetown University, who once led vaccine development at the U s. Food and Drug Administration.
and Drug Administration initially wanted to take a"watch and wait"approach when told about the project."
The terahertz technology may also prove useful in discovering concealed goods in the retail industry or for non-destructive monitoring, for example quality control in drugs or food.
Nivolumab is among the set of drugs known as heckpoint inhibitorsthat are developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.
Those drugs stop cancers by turning off the immune system of human so that it could keep on attacking the harmful tumor.
and drug protocols that can navigate all the inherent complexity of not just the anatomy and physiology being imaged,
Doppler OCT Measures Cocaine Impact on Brain Drugs Enhance SPECT Imaging of Metastatic Cancer Compact Imaging,
"We recognized that the microscopy part of the drug development pipeline was much slower than it could be designed
and experimental drugs is essential for pharmaceutical research and particularly for cancer treatment. To demonstrate their design, the researchers applied fluorescent dyes to specific molecules within a cell sample.
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that medical device company Wicab is allowed to market a new device that will help the blind ee.
Though the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been slow to approve new sunscreens in the past, Chemical and Engineering News notes,
the researchers gave them a drug called buspirone, which had been found to induce leg movement in mice with spinal cord injuries, during the final four weeks of the study.
while on the drug, were able to voluntarily move their legs without needing stimulation. Edgerton thinks they were able to achieve this so quickly
Neuroscientists have until now been limited to injecting drugs through larger tubes and delivering photostimulation through fiber-optic cables, both
or cannulas, scientists typically use to inject drugs. The device is mounted to the head of the mouse
and contains tiny reservoirs filled with the drugs to be administered during tests. In one such experiment, mice were made to walk in circles after a drug that mimics morphine was injected into the region of the mouse's brain that controls motivation and addiction.
In other tests the scientists used a technique known as optogenetics, where mice have been modified so that their neurons are lights sensitive,
which include the painkiller drugs morphine and codeine, has been discovered. The gene, called STORR, is only found in poppy species that produce morphinans.
#Old antibiotic altered to fight six types of drug-resistant bacteria With antbiotic use becoming more widespread and frequent than ever before,
many forms of bacteria are developing a resistance to these drugs, and it become one of the biggest challenges facing public health today.
it could be made effective again in treating six different drug-resistant bacteria that cause various respiratory and sexually transmitted diseases.
while the drug was safe, it wasn all that effective, so was removed eventually from the market.
More recently, researchers at St jude Children Research Hospital in Memphis revisited the drug, with an interest in increasing its potency.
They were looking specifically at how the drug binds itself to the part of a cell that synthesises proteins, known as the ribosome.
it could more easily bind to the cell ribosomes to fight a range of bacterial infections. his study demonstrates how classic antibiotics derived from natural products can be redesigned to create semisynthetic compounds to overcome drug resistance, one of the team,
including"a particularly resistant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae that resists many existing drugs they report. The antibiotics also were effective in treating five other bacteria that cause the sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhoea and chlamydia
Studies on mice and rats showed the drug could also be used to prolong survival in particularly severe pneumonia,
while previous research published last year in Nature Medicine has shown this class of drugs could also be effective in treating tuberculosis.
#Drug based on herpes successfully treats skin cancer patients A modified version of the herpes virus has been used to treat skin cancer patients,
The herpes-based drug, named Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), has proven so effective, Harrington and his team hope to see it on the market by 2016.
The drug is administered once every two weeks for up to 18 months and while participants in the trial received flu-like side effects after the first few injections, this was far preferable to the side effects that come with chemotherapy drugs.
Of those who took the T-VEC drug, 10 percent of the patients were in'complete remission',
But the drug worked on a quarter of them, even if the cancer had spread to various other organs in the body."
"The team will continue to test out the drug on other forms of cancer through clinical trials,
#A new drug has been found that fast-tracks tissue regeneration In news that sounds like it come straight out of science fiction,
researchers in the US have discovered a drug that rapidly repairs damage to the colon, liver and bone marrow in mice, without any adverse side effects.
The drug hasn been tested on people just yet, but the team are now working on developing it for human use within the next three years,
"We have developed a drug that acts like a vitamin for tissue stem cells, stimulating their ability to repair tissues more quickly."
the team will first look at trialling the drugs in patients have ulcerative colitis, or are about to undergo bone marrow transplants
"The drug heals damage in multiple tissues, which suggests to us that it may have applications in treating many diseases,
The drug, which goes by the un-catchy name of W033291 works by enabling a natural molecule in the body known as prostaglandin E2, or PGE2.
which means it has promise to work as a drug.""Further tests showed that not only did the drug inactivate 15-PGDH in the lab,
it also worked when injected into animal models. In fact, mice given SW033291 recovered normal blood counts after bone marrow transplants six days faster than mice that weren treated.
The drug also almost completely healed mice with ulcers in their colon, and helped mice that had had parts of their liver removed regrow the tissue nearly twice as fast as the control group.
Most impressively, the team tested out the drug on mice that had received lethal doses of radiation before being given a partial bone marrow transplant.
even when extremely high doses of the drug were tested. The next step is to perform safety studies in larger animals.
and suggest future avenues for developing effective cancer treatments. ost of the drugs we use to fight cancer are designed to kill cancerous cells.
But the researchers are looking into ways they can use drug treatments and other approaches to restore Apc function,
"That clinical use involves the carbon spheres being coated with polymer-a polymer that can gradually release drugs into the system to fight cancer and other diseases.
the microwave-produced nanoparticles are effective in delivering the drugs where they're needed, and vibrational spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor how the polymers gradually released their payload.
The researchers ran a series of different experiments to check the temperatures required for the drugs to disperse,
"This is a versatile platform to carry a multitude of drugs-for melanoma, for other kinds of cancers and for other diseases,"says Rohit Bhargava."
You can load it with two drugs, or three, or four, so you can do multidrug therapy with the same particles."
The Argus II received limited Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2013, but this clinical trial set out to show that the device could be used more broadly by testing it over three years.
which is not only responsible for the high associated with the drug-plus hallucinations, delusions, memory loss, and feelings of anxiety or calm-it also been shown to slow tumour growth in mice.
And now, scientists have figured out that the mechanisms by which the drug delivers its desired medical effects
This new research demonstrates how some of the drug's beneficial effects can be separated from its unwanted side effects."
the researchers figured out that negative psychological side-effects of the drug, such as memory defects, mood swings, anxiety,
and paranoia, were triggered by a single pathway in the brain that was separate from the pathway that triggers the drug cancer-killing properties.
In an effort to better understand the drug ability to cause these negative effects, the team isolated this particular pathway
which suggested that the drug was acting on both at the same time. To figure out what effect this was having,
"For me, the ideal drug would be in one of two scenarios: a drug that does not recognise the THC cannabinoid receptor when near serotonin,
or alternatively a drug you could add with THC that would provide that Chinese wall between the two,
"he told Wired d
#New blood test can detect the early stages of pancreatic cancer An international team of researchers has developed a simple blood test that has so far been 100 percent accurate in detecting pancreatic cancer in its early stages.
During the final four weeks of training, the men were given also a drug called buspirone,
which was supported by the drug firm Merck, THE WHO and the Canadian, Norwegian and Guinean governments, is now continuing in children between the ages of 13 and 17.
Because of this developing drugs that prevent BACE1 from cleaving APP is a central focus of Alzheimer's research.
While knocking out Gnt-III is feasible in mice a drug that inhibits Gnt-III in the brain has the potential to be an effective treatment for reducing A?
Towards this end Kizuka and colleagues are using a novel screening procedure in collaboration with the RIKEN Program for Drug discovery and Medical Technology Platforms to search for Gnt-III inhibitors s
researchers can deliver chemicals, drugs, and DNA directly into a single cell. But existing electroporation methods require high electric field strengths
and who supports medical research as well as resulting patents publications and new drug and device approvals.
Industry reduced early-stage research favoring medical devices bioengineered drugs and late-stage clinical trials particularly for cancer and rare diseases.
#More clues to how drug reverses obesity diabetes fatty liver disease In addition to illuminating how the drug amlexanox reverses obesity diabetes
and fatty liver disease the findings suggest a new pathway for future treatments. The research was published Jan 12 in Nature Communications.
Investigators in the lab of Alan Saltiel the Mary Sue Coleman Director of U-M's Life sciences Institute had discovered previously that this drug
and insulin resistance in part by resolving chronic inflammation and increasing energy expenditure but that's not the whole story of the drug's effects said Shannon Reilly first author of the study.
Understanding how the drug also enables crosstalk between fat cells and the liver in obese mice allows us to see more of the amlexanox picture
In 2013 the researchers discovered that amlexanox an off-patent drug currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and other uses reversed obesity diabetes and fatty liver in mice.
#Mechanism leading to drug resistance metastasis in melanoma patients discovered Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have discovered a mechanism that leads to resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma patients
when compared to the adverse effects of standard chemotherapeutic drugs. However, patients often develop resistance to these targeted therapies,
Drugs that target B-Raf or another protein in the same network called MEK have proved effective in clinical trials.
Moffitt researchers found that patients who are on B-Raf inhibitor drugs develop more new metastases than patients who are on standard chemotherapy.
or MEK inhibitor drugs reversed the cells'aggressive behavior.""This suggests that alternate dose scheduling where B-Raf
This suggests that drugs that target Epha2 may prevent the development of new disease in patients who receive B-Raf and B-Raf/MEK inhibitor therapy.
the research team hopes to develop teixobactin into a drug. In 2013, Lewis revealed ground breaking research in a sep a rate paper pub lished By nature that pre sented a novel approach to treat and elim
which could lead to new drug design for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, has been discovered by researchers at Georgia State university.
and we also open up avenues for others to design specific drugs to target this pathway,
So if you want to design a drug, your best bet is to try and make something that looks very similar to this
That's a general strategy for drug design. You want to try and make drugs that look very similar to transition states.
developing a drug to target it could potentially impact multiple cancers. A compound to target Bub1 has been developed
or in the development of model systems to study diseases and test drugs. Stem cell technology is quickly advancing
and the Vitamin d receptor (VDR)--that play a key role in insulin resistance, providing some of the first evidence that changes in the cellular nucleus underlie the condition and offering a promising new route for the development of drug
#Predicting superbugs'countermoves to new drugs New drugs are needed desperately but so are ways to maximize the effective lifespan of these drugs.
To accomplish that Duke university researchers used software they developed to predict a constantly-evolving infectious bacterium's countermoves to one of these new drugs ahead of time before the drug is tested even on patients.
In a study appearing in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the team used their program to identify the genetic changes that will allow methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
or MRSA to develop resistance to a class of new experimental drugs that show promise against the deadly bug.
When the researchers treated live bacteria with the new drug two of the genetic changes actually arose just as their algorithm predicted.
This gives us a window into the future to see what bacteria will do to evade drugs that we design before a drug is deployed said co-author Bruce Donald a professor of computer science and biochemistry at Duke.
Developing preemptive strategies while the drugs are still in the design phase will give scientists a head start on the next line of compounds that will be effective despite the germ's resistance mutations.
If we can somehow predict how bacteria might respond to a particular drug ahead of time we can change the drug
and dividing from one cell to two in less than an hour--drug-resistant bacteria are constantly evolving
For some antibiotics the first drug-resistant bacterial strains don't appear for decades after the drug is introduced
Until now scientists trying to predict the genetic changes that would enable a bacterium to evade a particular drug have had to look up possible mutations from libraries of resistance mutations that have been observed previously.
But this approach falls short when it comes to anticipating how bacteria will adapt to new drugs where the microbes can't be counted on to change in repeatable predictable ways Donald said.
With a new drug there is always the possibility that the organism will develop different mutations that had never been seen before.
and Amy Anderson at the University of Connecticut used a protein design algorithm they developed called OSPREY to identify DNA sequence changes in the bacteria that would enable the resulting protein to block the drug from binding
The team focused on a new class of experimental drugs that work by binding and inhibiting a bacterial enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
The drugs called propargyl-linked antifolates show promise as a treatment for MRSA infections but have yet to be tested in humans.
When the scientists treated MRSA with the new drugs and sequenced the bacteria that survived more than half of the surviving colonies carried the predicted mutation that conferred the greatest resistance--a tiny change that reduced the drugs'effectiveness by 58-fold.
The researchers are now using their algorithm to predict resistance mutations to other drugs designed to combat pathogens like E coli and Enterococcus.
We might even be able to coax a pathogen into developing mutations that enable it to evade one drug
but that then make it particularly susceptible to a second drug like a one-two punch.
Their computational approach could be especially useful for forecasting drug resistance mutations in other diseases such as cancer HIV
For example current drugs designed for use in diabetics might be beneficial to other people who need to boost this aspect of immunity.
and more affordable way to examine biomolecular behavior opening the door for scientists in virtually any laboratory worldwide to join the quest for creating better drugs.
Interactions between these molecules like the successful binding of a drug compound with its intended target such as a protein receptor on a cancer cell cause the shape of the DNA strand to change from an open and linear shape to a closed loop.
and cartilage grafts without the need for anti-rejection drugs, and the donor tissue becomes part of the joint.
The overall prognosis for patients with drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy includes a higher risk for memory and mood difficulties.
Medical research can take years to move from bench to bedside as can US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.
Mr. Goldstein originally came to the Feinstein Institute as a molecular biologist working with cells chemicals and drugs.
sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), that used a new stent graft that can repair the aortic aneurysm without the need to open the chest."
It will be immediately relevant to many areas of fundamental cell biology research and practical applications such as drug discovery.
New Molecular Target Identified A drug already approved for treating other diseases may be useful as a treatment for cerebral malaria, according to researchers at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public health.
"However, the real importance of this work is the identification of unexpected molecular pathways underlying cerebral malaria that we can now target with existing drugs."
trials in humans for cerebral malaria treatment with this drug may be possible, according to the researchers e
The findings come weeks after a report commissioned by British Prime minister David cameron concluded that failure to battle drug-resistant infections
How does it get from where the drugs are used into the human environment and natural environment? Smith said scientists collected air samples upwind and downwind of each feedlot.
Eventually, the cancer cells no longer respond to the drug and the tumor spreads again. Evidently, the cancer cells have found new ways to grow.
especially combined with other drugs that are already available e
#New technique for growing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells This week in the journal Science, Los alamos National Laboratory researchers reveal a new solution-based hot-casting technique
"The study could help identify people who would most benefit from new drugs designed to save brain cells,
Sepsis is a very challenging problem so the possibility that we might be able to repurpose a drug that is in use and well understood is very exciting Dr. Billiar said.
Experiments with human liver cells also showed the protective effects of the drug. Our study suggests that increasing the bioavailability of CYCLIC GMP might be beneficial in ameliorating the inflammation associated with sepsis Dr. Billiar said.
Sildenafil and other ED drugs might be a good approach to try early in the course of the illness to forestall organ damage.
and drug resistance than many current drugs says Douglas Robinson Ph d. a professor of cell biology in the Institute for Basic Biomedical sciences at Johns hopkins university School of medicine.
We think the new screening system we devised will help identify drugs for many other diseases as well.
Most drug screens look for an effect on a specific biochemical pathway that has been linked to disease;
The drug is already in use in some countries as a treatment for jaundice so if it shows success against pancreatic cancer it could potentially make it to market relatively quickly Robinson says.
But even if that doesn't happen the study demonstrates that the new drug screen has great potential he says s
Professor Mahiran said in pharmaceuticals an innovation has produced successfully a drugs delivery method to penetrate the'blood brain barrier'especially for diseases that are associated with the brain such as Alzheimer Parkinson epilepsy and meningitis.
Drugs are normally hard to make reach beyond the'blood brain barrier'.'Thus we created drugs through nanotechnology
and that way we hope they are more effective she said. She added the innovation has been tested on animals
and suggests targets for drug treatments and gene therapy, said Daiger, the report's senior author and holder of the Thomas Stull Matney Ph d. Endowed Professorship in Environmental and Genetic sciences at UTHEALTH School of Public health."
Since the advent of biotechnology, researchers have modified bacteria to produce therapeutic drugs or antibiotics. In this novel study, they have actually become a diagnostic tool.
and it's something we think we can drug. If we can control this process with small molecules,
#Intravenous nutrition source could reduce side effects of chemotherapy Platinum-based drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin and oxyplatin, have been used to treat cancer for more than 35 years.
Many of the side effects of these drugs occur when the drug settles in healthy tissue.
To deliver these drugs in a more targeted way, researchers have created nanoscale delivery systems engineered to make the drug reach
and accumulate at the tumor site. However, tests of these nanodrugs show that only between one and 10 percent of the drugs are delivered to the tumor site
with the majority of the remainder being diverted to the liver and spleen.''The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
'When the drugs collect in those organs, they become less available to treat the cancer,
Twenty-four hours after the drug was administered, the researchers found that pre-treatment with Intralipid reduced the accumulation of the platinum-based drug by 20.4 percent in the liver, 42.5 percent in the spleen and 31.2 percent in the kidney.
Consequently, in these organs, the toxic side effects of the nanodrug decreased significantly. Furthermore, the researchers found that Intralipid pre-treatment allowed more of the drug to remain available and active in the body for longer periods of time.
After five hours availability of the drug was increased by 18.7 percent, and after 24 hours it was increased by 9. 4 percent.
The researchers believe that this increased availability will allow more of the drug to reach the tumor site,
and could perhaps also allow clinicians to reduce the dosage needed to treat a patient.
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