#Analyzing protein structures in their native environment Proteins can fold in different ways depending on their environment.
next-generation health monitoring devices such as electronic stick-on tattoos (see for instance"wearing single-walled carbon nanotube electronics on your skin",a"temporary tattoo to monitor glucose levels"or"graphene nanosensor tattoo
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison."
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
Black silicon consists of clusters of microscopic vertical pillars, or nanowires. Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure,
making the material darker than dark. Rather than laying down layers of black silicon on top of a clear backdrop,
and etched silicon nanowires in the areas between aluminum rings. Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars.
After the plastic support solidified they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
"Silicon nanowire towers make up dark regions of the flexible Fresnel zone lenses. Each individual lens resembles a bull-eye of alternating light and dark.
Black silicon consists of clusters of microscopic vertical pillars, or nanowires. Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure,
making the material darker than dark. Bringing Bucky into focus, curved arrays of individual lenses allow small-scale sensors to perceive a broader picture.
and etched silicon nanowires in the areas between aluminum rings. Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars.
After the plastic support solidified, they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
#Novel'crumpling'of hybrid nanostructures increases SERS sensitivity By"crumpling"to increase the surface area of graphene-gold nanostructures,
an assistant professor of mechanical science and engineering at Illinois."This mechanical self-assembly strategy will enable a new class of 3d crumpled graphene-gold (Au) nanostructures.
a graduate student and first author of the study published in Nano Letters("Mechanically Self-Assembled, Three-dimensional Grapheneold Hybrid Nanostructures for Advanced Nanoplasmonic Sensors").
"According to Nam, the 3d crumpled graphene-Au nanostructure exhibits at least one order of magnitude higher SERS detection sensitivity than that of conventional, flat graphene-Au nanoparticles.
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison."
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
#Snake venom helps hydrogels stop the bleeding A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice Univ. scientists.
The Rice researchers combined batroxobin with their synthetic, self-assembling nanofibers, which can be loaded into a syringe
and therefore decreasing the interaction, between individual layers of Mos2 nanosheets. This exposes a larger fraction of reactive sites along the edges of these surfaces where hydrogen can be produced.
Putting pressure on the plastic squeezes the nanotubes closer together and enables them to conduct electricity.
Increasing pressure on the waffled nanotubes squeezes them even closer together, allowing more electricity to flow through the sensor,
Instead, the new nanocapsule device only releases the medication in areas where a clot is growing exponentially
"The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
thrombin-a molecule at the centre of the clotting process-breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
In 2014, researchers in South korea at IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics along with Samsung Advanced Institute of technology, the Department of Nano Applied Engineering at Kangwon National University, the Department of energy Science
they were able to deposit a thin coating of organic material directly on top of a sheet of arrayed nanotubes in contact with a sheet of metal.
which allowed the current to flow through the nanotubes that were metal conductors--but not the bulk of the tubes,
The current heated up the metal nanotubes a tiny amount--just enough to create a"thermal capillary flow"that opened up a trench in the organic topcoat above them.
This left an electronic wafer coated with semiconducting nanotubes free of metallic contaminants, Rogers said. They tested it by building arrays of transistors
and hyper-stretchable elastic-composite generator (SEG) using very long silver nanowire-based stretchable electrodes. Their stretchable piezoelectric generator can harvest mechanical energy to produce high power output (4 V) with large elasticity (250%)and excellent durability (over 104 cycles.
#Taking aircraft manufacturing out of the oven Aerospace engineers at MIT have developed now a carbon nanotube (CNT) film that can heat
"Wardle says the carbon nanotube film is also incredibly lightweight: After it has fused the underlying polymer layers,
Carbon nanotube deicerswardle and his colleagues have experimented with CNT films in recent years, mainly for deicing airplane wings.
If the CNT film could generate heat, why not use it to make the composite itself?
The researchers manufactured a CNT film about the size of a Post-it note, and placed the film over a square of Cycom 5320-1. They connected electrodes to the film,
or cross-link, the polymer and carbon fiber layers, finding that the CNT film used one-hundredth the electricity required for traditional oven-based methods to cure the composite.
Wardle says the results pushed the group to test the CNT film further: As different composites require different temperatures in order to fuse,
whether the CNT film could, quite literally, take the heat.""At some point, heaters fry out,
"Gregory Odegard, a professor of computational mechanics at Michigan Technological University, says the group's carbon nanotube film may go toward improving the quality and efficiency of fabrication processes for large composites, such as wings on commercial aircraft.
Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria
The paper is titled"Nanowire-bacteria hybrids for unassisted solar carbon dioxide fixation to value-added chemicals.""The other corresponding authors and leaders of this research are chemists Christopher Chang and Michelle Chang.
"In our system, nanowires harvest solar energy and deliver electrons to bacteria, where carbon dioxide is reduced and combined with water for the synthesis of a variety of targeted, value-added chemical products."
"By combining biocompatible light-capturing nanowire arrays with select bacterial populations, the new artificial photosynthesis system offers a win/win situation for the environment:
the morphology of the nanowire array protects the bacteria like Easter eggs buried in tall grass
"The system starts with an"artificial forest"of nanowire heterostructures, consisting of silicon and titanium oxide nanowires, developed earlier by Yang and his research group."
"Our artificial forest is similar to the chloroplasts in green plants, "Yang says.""When sunlight is absorbed, photo-excited electron?
hole pairs are generated in the silicon and titanium oxide nanowires, which absorb different regions of the solar spectrum.
"Once the forest of nanowire arrays is established, it is populated with microbial populations that produce enzymes known to selectively catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide.
"We were able to uniformly populate our nanowire array with S. ovata using buffered brackish water with trace vitamins as the only organic component."
and catalytic activity that is made possible by the nanowire/bacteria hybrid technology. With this approach the Berkeley team achieved a solar energy conversion efficiency of up to 0. 38-percent for about 200 hours under simulated sunlight,
and it possesses two nanowires that can be used as contacts. The diarylethene is an insulator
The diarylethene needs to be attached at the end of the nanowires to electrodes so that the current can flow."
and the Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN
#Ultra-sensitive sensor detects individual electrons In the same Cambridge laboratory in the United kingdom where The british physicist J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897,
more conductive carbon nanotube films"It's a simple process and can create a lightweight CNT film,
or'bucky paper,'that is a meter wide and twice as strong as previous such films--it's even stronger than CNT FIBERS,
"says Yuntian Zhu, Distinguished Professor of Materials science and engineering at NC State and corresponding author of a paper describing the work.
The researchers begin by growing the CNTS on a conventional substrate in a closely packed array.
The CNTS are tangled together, so when researchers pull on one end of the array the CNTS form a continuous ribbon that is only nanometers thick.
This ribbon is attached to a spool which begins winding the ribbon up. As the spool pulls, the CNT ribbon is dragged between two surgical blades.
While the blades appear straight to the naked eye, they actually have micrometer-scale fissures on their cutting edge.
These fissures create a kind of"microcomb"that pulls the CNTS into alignment--just as a regular comb sorts through tangled hair.
When the ribbon of aligned CNTS is being wound onto the spool, the researchers apply an alcohol solution.
This pulls the CNTS closer together, strengthening the bonds between CNTS. The CNT ribbon wraps around itself as it winds around the spool
creating a layered film of pure CNTS. Researchers can control the thickness of the film by controlling the number of layers.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films--greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material,
versus less than 1. 5 gigapascals for the uncombed material. The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film."
"This is a significant advance, but we want to find ways to make CNT alignment even straighter,
"Zhu says.""It's still not perfect.""In addition, the technique would theoretically be easy to scale up for large-scale production.
#New 2d transistor material made using precision lasers Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics
They then infused the nanotextures with a layer of lubricant that completely coated the nanostructures,
The nanostructures also greatly enhanced lubricant retention compared to the microstructured surface alone. The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals
#Nano-dunes with the ion beam Many semiconductor devices in modern technology--from integrated circuits to solar cells and LEDS--are based on nanostructures.
Producing arrays of regular nanostructures usually requires substantial effort. If they were organized self, the production of such devices would be considerably faster
There, the desired nanostructures are created all by themselves, "explains Dr. Facsko. The finely chiselled and regular structure is reminiscent of sand dunes,
using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria. The research, detailed in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in August, builds on a similar hybrid system, also recently devised by Yang and his colleagues,
the primary component of natural gas, using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria. The research, detailed in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in August, builds on a similar hybrid system, also recently devised by Yang and his colleagues,
The work, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it--a process known as"prestretching "--and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
The detectors rely on superconducting nanowires made of molybdenum silicide. They can record more than 80 percent of arriving photons,
"We believe this is the first example of 2d atomically thin nanostructures made from ionic materials,
"says Peidong Yang, a chemist with Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and world authority on nanostructures,
while a Phd student at Harvard university, Yang proposed a method for preparing 2d hybrid perovskite nanostructures
"When nanopores get smaller than the hydrated size of the ion, then you start to see interesting behavior emerge,
The pressure sensors are made of a carbon nanotube-elastomer composite shaped into tiny pyramidal structures that are coated onto a surface.
Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics
nanowires harvest solar energy and deliver electrons to bacteria, where carbon dioxide is reduced and combined with water for the synthesis of a variety of targeted, value-added chemical products.
By combining biocompatible light-capturing nanowire arrays with select bacterial populations, the new artificial photosynthesis system offers a win/win situation for the environment:
the morphology of the nanowire array protects the bacteria like Easter eggs buried in tall grass
The system starts with an rtificial forestof nanowire heterostructures, consisting of silicon and titanium oxide nanowires,
developed earlier by Yang and his research group. ur artificial forest is similar to the chloroplasts in green plants,
photo-excited electron#hole pairs are generated in the silicon and titanium oxide nanowires, which absorb different regions of the solar spectrum.
Once the forest of nanowire arrays is established, it is populated with microbial populations that produce enzymes known to selectively catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide.
says Michelle Chang. e were able to uniformly populate our nanowire array with S. ovata using buffered brackish water with trace vitamins as the only organic component.
and catalytic activity that is made possible by the nanowire/bacteria hybrid technology. With this approach, the Berkeley team achieved a solar energy conversion efficiency of up to 0. 38-percent for about 200 hours under simulated sunlight,
Yale university engineers have found a unique method for designing metallic glass nanostructures across a wide range of chemicals.
Schroers and his team at Yale have spent years refining processes for designing metallic glass nanostructures complex,
In the new paper, Schroers demonstrates a method for applying metallic glass nanostructures to a broad range of glass-forming alloys.
With our new method we can fabricate nanostructures similar in size but with even higher complexity in shape
or graphene, nanoengineers at the University of California, San diego have invented a new way of fabricating nanostructures that contain well-defined, atomic-sized gaps.
A team of Ph d. students and undergraduate researchers led by UC San diego nanoengineering professor Darren Lipomi demonstrated that the key to generating a smaller nanogap between two nanostructures involves using a graphene spacer,
The films are sliced then into 150 nm-wide nanostructures. Finally, the structures are treated with oxygen plasma to remove graphene.
This enhanced electromagnetic field, in turn, increases the signal produced by any molecule within the gap. f some disease marker comes in and bridges the gap between the nanostructures
While the technique reported in this study can produce nanostructures suitable for optical applications, it exhibits a major drawback for electronic applications.
Raman spectroscopic measurements of the gold nanostructures reveal that small amounts of graphene still remain between the gold layers after being treated with oxygen plasma.
This means that only the graphene exposed near the surfaces of the gold nanostructures can be removed so far.
#icrocombingcreates Stronger, More Conductive Carbon nanotube Films Researchers from North carolina State university and China Suzhou Institute of Nanoscience and Nano-Biotics have developed an inexpensive technique called icrocombingto align carbon nanotubes (CNTS),
pure CNT films that are stronger than any previous such films. The technique also improves the electrical conductivity that makes these films attractive for use in electronic
and aerospace applications. t a simple process and can create a lightweight CNT film, or ucky paper, that is a meter wide and twice as strong as previous such films it even stronger than CNT FIBERS,
says Yuntian Zhu, Distinguished Professor of Materials science and engineering at NC State and corresponding author of a paper describing the work.
The researchers begin by growing the CNTS on a conventional substrate in a closely packed array.
The CNTS are tangled together, so when researchers pull on one end of the array the CNTS form a continuous ribbon that is only nanometers thick.
This ribbon is attached to a spool, which begins winding the ribbon up. As the spool pulls, the CNT ribbon is dragged between two surgical blades.
While the blades appear straight to the naked eye they actually have micrometer-scale fissures on their cutting edge.
These fissures create a kind of icrocombthat pulls the CNTS into alignment just as a regular comb sorts through tangled hair.
When the ribbon of aligned CNTS is being wound onto the spool, the researchers apply an alcohol solution.
This pulls the CNTS closer together, strengthening the bonds between CNTS. The CNT ribbon wraps around itself as it winds around the spool,
creating a layered film of pure CNTS. Researchers can control the thickness of the film by controlling the number of layers.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material
versus less than 1. 5 gigapascals for the uncombed material. The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film. his is a significant advance,
but we want to find ways to make CNT alignment even straighter, Zhu says. t still not perfect. n addition,
the technique would theoretically be easy to scale up for large-scale production. We like to find an industry partner to help us scale this up
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
professor of chemical physics at the Imperial College in London and a leading theorist on soft matter physics. hey advance significantly our ability to make new nanostructures with controlled shapes. n principle,
Arnold Research Group and Guisinger Research Group, news. wisc. eduscientists at University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered now a method to grow these ultra-narrow strips, called nanoribbons, with desirable semiconducting
Furthermore, this method of producing nanoribbons is complicated not overly it is scalable and is compatible with current equipment used in semiconductor processing.
Professor Michael Arnold, one of the authors of the study, said raphene nanoribbons that can be grown directly on the surface of a semiconductor like germanium are more compatible with planar processing that used in the semiconductor industry,
and that is why nanoribbons are needed. They have to be extraordinary narrow they need to be less than 10 nanometres wide.
Such nanoribbons can be manufactured by cutting larger sheets of graphene into ribbons. But this technique is not perfect as produced ribbons have very rough edges.
where molecular precursors react on a surface to polymerize nanoribbons. But resulting ribbon, although with smooth edges, is far too short for use in electronics.
But now scientists found a way to manufacture ultra-narrow nanoribbons with smooth straight edges directly on germanium wafers.
Scientists found that at a very slow growth rate graphene naturally grows into long nanoribbons on a specific crystal facet of germanium
and researchers only need to control this process to produce nanoribbons less than 10 nanometres wide.
and to align the nanoribbons to the same direction
#Could flu someday be prevented without a vaccine? Researchers have discovered a way to trigger a preventive response to a flu infection without any help from the usual players the virus itself or interferon, a powerful infection fighter.
Instead, silicon nanopillars are arranged precisely into a honeycomb pattern to create a etasurfacethat can control the paths and properties of passing light waves.
They then infused the nanotextures with a layer of lubricant that completely coated the nanostructures,
The nanostructures also greatly enhanced lubricant retention compared to the microstructured surface alone. The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals
and visualization software and used it on a laptop computer to leverage an emerging DNA-sequencing technology known as nanopore sequencing. his point-of-care genomic technology will be particularly attractive in the developing world,
Nanopore technology, currently under development by many private enterprises, distinguishes individual nucleic acids by the distinctive perturbations they create in electric currents as they pass through microscopic pores.
was made by Oxford Nanopore technologies and is no larger than a modern cell phone. Although the technology is still new and thereby prone to error,
regardless of the setup. o our knowledge, this is the first time that nanopore sequencing has been used for real-time metagenomic detection of pathogens in complex clinical samples in the setting of human infections,
As the waves of light hit the nanotube antennas, they create an oscillating charge that moves through rectifier devices attached to them.
the nanotubes are coated with an aluminum oxide material to insulate them. Finally, physical vapor deposition is used to deposit optically-transparent thin layers of calcium then aluminum metals atop the nanotube forest.
The difference of work functions between the nanotubes and the calcium provides a potential of about two electron volts
enough to drive electrons out of the carbon nanotube antennas when they are excited by light. In operation, oscillating waves of light pass through the transparent calcium-aluminum electrode
and interact with the nanotubes. The metal-insulator-metal junctions at the nanotube tips serve as rectifiers switching on and off at femtosecond intervals,
allowing electrons generated by the antenna to flow one way into the top electrode. Ultra-low capacitance, on the order of a few attofarads, enables the 10-nanometer diameter diode to operate at these exceptional frequencies. rectenna is basically an antenna coupled to a diode
but when you move into the optical spectrum, that usually means a nanoscale antenna coupled to a metal-insulator-metal diode,
Nanocarbon architectures derived from biological materials such as mushrooms can be considered a green and sustainable alternative to graphite-based anodes,
The nanoribbon-like architectures transform upon heat treatment into an interconnected porous network architecture which is important for battery electrodes
DNA NANOSTRUCTURES: Conducting nanoscale biomolecular research could lead to low-cost DNA sequencing technologies, and in turn create targeted drug delivery systems
even in presence of anticoagulants A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice university scientists.
The Rice researchers combined batroxobin with their synthetic, self-assembling nanofibers, which can be loaded into a syringe
including a method for controlling the size of the nanopores, and fabricating a dense enough crossbar device to address individual bits t
or nanowires. Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure, making the material darker than dark.
Rather than laying down layers of black silicon on top of a clear backdrop, Jiang and his team took a bottom-up approach to generate their lenses.
and etched silicon nanowires in the areas between aluminium rings. They then seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars.
After the plastic support solidified, they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
Electronics based on carbon especially carbon nanotubes (CNTS) are emerging as successors to silicon for making semiconductor materials.
and optimization of the device which is based on a phosphor screen and single-walled carbon nanotubes as electrodes in a diode structure.
They assembled the device from a mixture liquid containing highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in an organic solvent mixed with a soap-like chemical known as a surfactant.
Under a strong electric field the cathode emits tight high-speed beams of electrons through its sharp nanotube tips--a phenomenon called field emission.
We have found that a cathode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes and an anode with the improved phosphor screen in our diode structure obtained no flicker field emission current and good brightness homogeneity Shimoi said.
Highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes (HCSWCNT) have nearly zero defects in the carbon network on the surface Shimoi explained.
The resistance of cathode electrode with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotube is very low. Thus the new flat-panel device has compared smaller energy loss with other current lighting devices
Threading a DNA molecule through a tiny hole called a nanopore in a sheet of graphene allows researchers to read the DNA sequence;
Ideally you would want to step the DNA through the nanopore one nucleotide at a time said Aksimentiev.
The researchers found that a positive charge in the graphene speeds up DNA movement through the nanopore
The next step is to combine a charged nanopore setup with a sensor to build a DNA sequencing device that would incorporate both motion control and nucleotide recognition.
and his colleagues applied a nanolayer of copper onto one side of a polymer separator creating a novel third electrode halfway between the anode and the cathode.
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