with the new crystals now able to work in cells that are double in thickness on the previous limit of 200 nanometers."
#Carbon nanotube finding could lead to flexible electronics with longer battery life Led by materials science Associate professor Michael Arnold
and Professor Padma Gopalan the team has reported the highest-performing carbon nanotube transistors ever demonstrated. In addition to paving the way for improved consumer electronics this technology could also have specific uses in industrial and military applications.
In a paper published recently in the journal ACS Nano Arnold Gopalan and their students reported transistors with an on-off ratio that's 1000 times better and a conductance that's 100 times better than previous state-of-the-art carbon nanotube transistors.
which are crucial because metallic nanotube impurities act like copper wires and short the device. Researchers have struggled also to control the placement and alignment of nanotubes.
Until now these two challenges have limited the development of high-performance carbon nanotube transistors. Building on more than two decades of carbon nanotube research in the field the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes achieving a solution of ultra-high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
Previous techniques to align the nanotubes resulted in less than-desirable packing density or how close the nanotubes are to one another
when they are assembled in a film. However the UW-Madison researchers pioneered a new technique called floating evaporative self-assembly or FESA
which they described earlier in 2014 in the ACS journal Langmuir. In that technique researchers exploited a self-assembly phenomenon triggered by rapidly evaporating a carbon nanotube solution.
The team's most recent advance also brings the field closer to realizing carbon nanotube transistors as a feasible replacement for silicon transistors in computer chips
and in high-frequency communication devices which are rapidly approaching their physical scaling and performance limits.
This is not an incremental improvement in performance Arnold says. With these results we've really made a leap in carbon nanotube transistors.
Our carbon nanotube transistors are an order of magnitude better in conductance than the best thin film transistor technologies currently being used commercially
while still switching on and off like a transistor is supposed to function. The researchers have patented their technology through the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
"Ripples, wrinkles and sub-10-nanometer pores in the surface and atomic-level imperfections give LIG its ability to store a lot of energy.
#Two-dimensional metamaterial surface manipulates light A single layer of metallic nanostructures has been designed, fabricated and tested by a team of Penn State electrical engineers that can provide exceptional capabilities for manipulating light.
which consists of a periodic array of strongly coupled nanorod resonators, could improve systems that perform optical characterization in scientific devices, such as ellipsometers;
It was fabricated in the Penn State Nanofabrication Laboratory by doctoral student Lan Lin and characterized by doctoral student Ding Ma.
"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Penn State's Center for Nanoscale Science e
By using an electrical pulse to create a temporary nanopore in a cell membrane, researchers can deliver chemicals, drugs,
#New superconducting hybrid crystals A new type of'nanowire'crystals that fuses semiconducting and metallic materials on the atomic scale could lay the foundation for future semiconducting electronics.
"Our new material was born as a hybrid between a semiconducting nanowire and its electronic contact.
Thus we have invented a way to make a perfect transition between the nanowire and a superconductor.
ever since research into nanowire crystals has existed at the Nanoscience Center at the Niels Bohr Institute.
Nanowire and contact formed at the same time Nanowires are extremely thin nanocrystal threads used in the development of new electronic components
Part of the challenge of working with nanowires is creating a good transition between these nanowires and an electrical contact to the outside world.
but from all over the world, have cultured nanowires and the contact separately. However, with the new approach, both the quality and the reproducibility of the contact have improved considerably."
"The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal, not only in the semiconductor and the metal,
You could say that it is the ultimate limit to how perfect a transition one could imagine between a nanowire crystal and a contact.
Of course this opens many opportunities to make new types of electronic components on the nanoscale and in particular,
Chips with billions of nanowire hybrids In their publication in Nature Materials, the research group has demonstrated this perfect contact
and its properties and has shown also that they can make a chip with billions of identical semiconductor-metal nanowire hybrids."
and that is why the research into nanowires is interesting for the largest electronics companies, "says Thomas Sand Jespersen.
The project was a collaboration between Englund's group and the Quantum Nanostructures and Nanofabrication Group
Transforming planar materials into 3-D microarchitectures Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a unique process for geometrically transforming two dimensional (2d) micro/nanostructures into extended 3d layouts
Complex, 3d micro/nanostructures are ubiquitous in biology, where they provide essential functions in even the most basic forms of life.
and Rogers, co-authors of the paper,"Assembly of micro/nanomaterials into complex, three-dimensional architectures by compressive buckling,
#Nanowire clothing could keep people warm without heating everything else To stay warm when temperatures drop outside,
But scientists have developed now a novel nanowire coating for clothes that can both generate heat
the special nanowire cloth trapped body heat far more effectively. Because the coatings are made out of conductive materials,
To overcome this obstacle the team used a fast-responding photorefractive crystal that is sensitive to light at the 790-nanometer wavelength making it suitable to focus light deep into biological tissue.
Rather than develop a new instrument we've created a nanoscale tool made from strands of DNA that can detect
and control mechanical vibrations of microscale and nanoscale devices--a field called optomechanics. In resonant microcavities these miniscule forces can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude.
Made with nanofibers extracted from Kevlar, the tough material in bulletproof vests, the barrier stifles the growth of metal tendrils that can become unwanted pathways for electrical current.
"The fern shape is particularly difficult to stop because of its nanoscale tip, "said Siu On Tung, a graduate student in Kotov's lab,
"While the widths of pores in other membranes are a few hundred nanometers, or a few hundred-thousandths of a centimeter, the pores in the membrane developed at U-M are 15-to-20 nanometers across.
They are large enough to let individual lithium ions pass, but small enough to block the 20-to-50-nanometer tips of the fern-structures.
The researchers made the membrane by layering the fibers on top of each other in thin sheets. This method keeps the chainlike molecules in the plastic stretched out,
The study,"A dendrite-suppressing solid ion conductor from aramid nanofibers, "will appear online Jan 27 in Nature Communications.
and director of the U s. Department of energy-funded Nanoporous materials Genome Center based in Minnesota. Predicting the zeolites'performance required serious computing power efficient computer algorithms and accurate descriptions of the molecular interactions.
When heated up for several hours the gold is moving into the material perpendicular to the surface like nanometer-sized spheres.
Nine hours of heating gives a tunnel of 800 nanometers in length for example and a diameter of 25 nanometer:
All nanotunnels together then form a sieve. Leaving the tunnel closed at one end leaves open the possibility of creating molds for nano structures.
In that case a DNA-string is pulled through one of these nanochannels after which the building blocks of DNA the nucleotides can be analysed subsequently.
A brick wall at the nanoscale Natural materials have extraordinary mechanical properties, which are sophisticated based on arrangements and combinations of multiple building blocks.
Scientists have developed now a nacre-inspired nanocomposite that combines exceptional mechanical properties with glass-like transparency and a high gas-and fire-barrier.
For our nanocomposites, we instead apply a rapid self-assembly process, "the chemist explains. First, the researchers coat the clays with a layer of polyvinylalcohol('mortar on the brick')and subsequently,
To learn more about how the dimensions of the nanoclays influence the characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite,
Walther and colleagues compared nanoplatelets of different size.""The nacre-mimetics based on small clays are very tough.
The glass-like transparency and the high gas barrier of the nanocomposite are an extra benefit of the material.
Now scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory show that etching a nanoscale texture onto the silicon material itself creates an antireflective surface that works as well as state-of-the-art thin-film multilayer coatings.
who led the research at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
"We set out to recreate moth eye patterns in silicon at even smaller sizes using methods of nanotechnology,
"which can be made to self-organize into an ordered surface pattern with dimensions measuring only tens of nanometers.
and nanoparticles that can be targeted to specific tumors. Recently, Mohs was awarded a $1. 37 million research grant from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
Under the four-year project, Mohsteam will develop nanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid, a substance naturally present in the human body.
These nanoparticles will have the ability to entrap near infrared fluorescent dyes. The research will investigate invasive ductal carcinoma, the most common type of breast cancer.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
#Hierarchically-porous polymers with fast absorption Professor Myungeun Seo and his research team from the Graduate school of Nanoscience
and Technology at KAIST has developed a method to form micropores of less than 2 nanometers within porous polymers where 10 nanometers long mesopores connect like a net.
Porous polymers with micropores of less than 2 nanometers like a zeolite have a large surface area. They are used as a means to store hydrogen-based molecules
The research team solved the issue by implementing a self-assembly of block polymers to easily form a netlike nanostructure from mesopores of 10 nanometers.
This porous polymer has micropores that are smaller than 2 nanometers on the walls of mesopores
while 10 nanometers long mesopores forming 3-dimensional net structures. Because of the self-assembly method the size of mesopores can be adjusted within the range of 6 to 15 nanometers.
This is the first case where a porous polymer has both well-defined mesopores and micropores. The research team verified the effect of hierarchically-porous structures on absorption of molecules by confirming that the porous polymer had faster absorption speeds than a polymer consisting only of micropores.
Use of nanotechnology in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals A Faculty of science Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) lecturer Professor Dr Mahiran Basri not only succeeded in producing new useful substances made of oils
This organic synthesis uses enzymes and it is produced through nanotechnology. Our focus is to process new substances derived from oils
and antiaging substances through the use of nanotechnology those substances can easily absorb through the skin.
'Thus we created drugs through nanotechnology and that way we hope they are more effective she said.
which increasingly benefits both micro-and nanoelectronics. The integration of optical components is advanced already well in many areas.
However in spite of intensive research a laser source that is compatible with the manufacturing of chips is not yet achievable according to the head of Semiconductor Nanoelectronics (PGI-9). The basis of chip manufacturing is silicon an element of main group IV of the periodic table.
That way we were able to demonstrate that the germanium-tin compound can amplify optical signals as well as generate laser light reports Dr. Hans Sigg from the Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology.
Instead of acquiring a new microscope to take images with nanoscale resolution you can take the images on a regular microscope.
For example if you are using blue-green light with a wavelength of 500 nanometers you can't see anything smaller than 250 nanometers.
Protein complexes molecules that transport payloads in and out of cells and other cellular activities are organized all at the nanoscale.
or how immune cells are configured in an autoimmune attack you have to look at a large piece of tissue with nanoscale precision he says.
but usually limited to a resolution of hundreds of nanometers. With their enlarged samples the researchers achieved resolution down to 70 nanometers.
The expansion microscopy process...should be compatible with many existing microscope designs and systems already in laboratories Chen adds.
but also to see where all the nanoscale components are. While Boyden's team is focused on the brain other possible applications for this technique include studying tumor metastasis
X-rays have very short wavelengths of only about 1 to 0. 01 nanometres (nm), compared to 400 to 800 nm for visible light.
A nanometre is a millionth of a millimetre. The high penetration of X-rays is favoured for three-dimensional tomographic imaging of objects such as biological cells
and the nanomaterials involved in energy conversion or storage. But this also means that the X-rays pass straight through conventional lenses without being bent or focussed.
"It appears that the long-sought goal of focusing X-rays to a nanometre is in reach."
Living cells are real nanomachines that can detect and process many signals and respond to them.
"We were able to reduce the thickness of the solar cell from over 200 nanometers to 70 nanometers."
but also paves the way for the development of next-generation nanoscale superconducting devices. Arraysuperconductors are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation advanced electronic devices,
The researchers at first fabricated high-quality, atomically thin Fese films Fig. 1, with thickness of between one monolayer (which corresponds to three-atoms thickness) and twenty monolayers (sixty-atoms thickness),
The researchers found that the Tc estimated from the gap-closing in a monolayer film is surprisingly high (above 60 K),
it obviously exceeds the record of other"high-Tc superconductors"such as fullerene (C60) superconductors (Tc 33 K) and Mgb2 (Tc 39k),
but also opens a route to developing an ultimate superconducting nanodevice consisting of atomic-size electronic parts.
While they remain among the most prescribed and most potent chemotherapy drugs, they also cause serious side effects,
researchers have created nanoscale delivery systems engineered to make the drug reach and accumulate at the tumor site.
However, tests of these nanodrugs show that only between one and 10 percent of the drugs are delivered to the tumor site
'The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
'In the past few years, Ho and his colleagues were developing cellular nanotags to help detect organ rejection,
reduced the amount of nanoparticles that were being cleared by the liver and spleen by about 50 percent.
As a result, the nanoparticles remained in the blood stream for longer periods of time.
if Intralipid had the same effect on platinum-based anticancer nanodrugs. In the newly published study, the researchers administered a single
One hour later, they administered a dose of a platinum-based chemotherapy drug that had been incorporated into a nanoparticle.
Consequently, in these organs, the toxic side effects of the nanodrug decreased significantly. Furthermore, the researchers found that Intralipid pre-treatment allowed more of the drug to remain available and active in the body for longer periods of time.
#'No-inkcolor printing with nanomaterials In this case, the print features are very fine--visible only with the aid of a high-powered electron microscope.
The top layer of silver film is 25 nanometers thick and is punctured with tiny holes created by a microfabrication process known as focused ion beam milling.
The bottom layer of silver is four times thicker than the top layer but still minuscule at 100 nanometers.
Between the top and bottom films lies a 45-nanometer silica dielectric spacer. The researchers created a scaled-down template of the athletic logo and drilled out tiny perforations on the top layer of the metamaterial structure.
and thereby accurately reproduce the S&t athletic logo with nanoscale color palettes. The researchers further adjusted the holes to alter the logo's official green
""To reproduce a colorful artwork with our nanoscale color palettes, we replaced different areas in the original image with different nanostructures with specified hole sizes to represent various visible colors,
"says Dr. Xiaodong Yang, an assistant professor at Missouri S&t, who leads the Nanoscale Optics Laboratory in the university's mechanical and aerospace engineering department."
"We chose the athletic logo to fill that need.""""Unlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer, where mixed color pigments are used,
"Other co-authors of the Scientific Reports paper are Dr. Fei Cheng, a researcher at Missouri S&t's Nanoscale Optics Laboratory,
and Dr. Ting S. Luk of the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New mexico i
This study was conducted at GREEN as a part of the MEXT-commissioned project titled"Development of environmental technology using nanotechnology."
#Ultrafast heat conduction can manipulate nanoscale magnets"In our study, we make use of the fact that a heat current passing through a magnetic material creates a separation of electron spins.
and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields, "explained Gyung-Min Choi,
and heat at the nanoscale, addressing the fundamental limits of ultrafast spintronic devices for data storage and information processing.
showed that only 23 percent of patients lived longer than five years after failing to sustain remission with standard chemotherapy drugs.
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
It is made from gelatin-based biomaterials reinforced with nanoparticles and seeded with cells, and it mimics the anatomical microenvironment of lymphoid tissue.
is a soft, nanocomposite biomaterial. The engineers reinforced the material with silicate nanoparticles to keep the structure from melting at the physiologically relevant temperature of 98.6 degrees.
The organ could lead to increased understanding of B cell functions, an area of study that typically relies on animal models to observe how the cells develop and mature.
The new technology, developed by a team of scientists from Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), involves a small microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror only
"This is a premier example of the innovation that results from collaboration between nanoscientists and X-ray scientists."
According to Argonne nanoscientist Daniel Lopez, one of the lead authors on the paper, the device works because of the relationship between the frequency of the mirror's oscillation and the timing of the positioning of the perfect angle for the incoming X-ray."
"Such small sources and tiny MEMS devices form an ideal combination to make 3-D X-ray ultrafast movies with nanometer resolution,"added Jin Wang, a senior scientist at the APS and one
The lenses were made by researchers from APS and NSLS II at BNL and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven.
Testing was done at the APS beamlines 1-BM-B and 34-ID-C at Argonne with the help of researchers from the London Centre for Nanotechnology and the UK Research Complex at Harwell
#Graphene quantum dot LEDS Graphene is a 2d carbon nanomaterial with many fascinating properties that can enable to creation of next-generation electronics.
which are merely a few nanometers large in the lateral dimension, are shown to emit light upon excitation in the visible spectral range.
"It appears that they form uranium nanoparticles, "he said, but the mineralogy is still not well known
Thanks to their mechanical properties, MOF thin films of a few hundred nanometers in thickness can be used for flexible solar cells or for the coating of clothing material or deformable components.
atomically-thin layered material at room temperature could lead to novel nanoelectronic circuits and devices, according to researchers at Penn State and three other U s. and international universities.
they consulted an expert in nanoscale electronic devices, Suman Datta, who told them they were seeing a 2d version of a resonant tunneling diode,
Work at UT-Dallas was supported also through the Southwest Academy on Nanoelectronics sponsored by the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative and NIST T
Nanoscale mirrored cavities that trap light around atoms in diamond crystals increase the quantum mechanical interactions between light and electrons in atoms.
and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, has demonstrated a new process to construct such diamond nanocavities in
Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U s. Department of energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic energy Sciences, under Contract No.
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Now, scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a new technique to rapidly create nano-structured grids for functional materials with unprecedented versatility."
"By quickly and independently controlling the nanoscale structure and the composition, we can tailor the performance of these materials.
"Arraythe scientists synthesized the materials at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) and characterized the nanoscale architectures using electron microscopy at CFN
and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light source--both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
--which pulls and aligns the rapidly forming nanoscale cylinders.""The end result is that in less than one second,
who leads the Electronic nanomaterials group at CFN.""This order persists over macroscopic areas and would be difficult to achieve with any other method."
and transforms them into functional nanowires. Arraythe first completed nanowire array acts as the foundation of the full lattice.
Additional layers each one following variations on that same process, are stacked then to produce customized, crisscrossing configurations--like chain-link fences 10,000 times thinner than a human hair."
"The direction of the laser sweeping across each unassembled layer determines the orientation of the nanowire rows,
"For example, a single layer of platinum nanowires conducts electricity in only one direction, but a two-layer mesh conducts uniformly in all directions."
This versatility enables the use of a wide variety of materials in different nanoscale configurations."
and thus have a lot of freedom in fabricating multi-component nanostructures, "Yager said.""It's hard to anticipate all the technologies this rapid and versatile technique will allow
#Biomanufacturing of Cds quantum dots A team of Lehigh University engineers have demonstrated a bacterial method for the low-cost, environmentally friendly synthesis of aqueous soluble quantum dot (QD) nanocrystals at room temperature.
scalable and green synthesis of Cds nanocrystals with extrinsic crystallite size control in the quantum confinement range.
The result is Cds semiconductor nanocrystals with associated size-dependent band gap and photoluminescent properties. This biosynthetic approach provides a viable pathway to realize the promise of green biomanufacturing of these materials.
The new designer materials integrate the structure of two or more separate functions at the nanoscale,
and cross-linked at the nanoscale.""We're used to thinking of synthetic materials as structural,
In these new materials, the individual functions are integrated yet kept separate at the nanoscale. The researchers combined two different types of smart materials:
Due to the fact that the separate components are meshed at the nanoscale, there are unbroken paths within each component from one side of the material to the other,
yet there are nanoscale boundaries between them as well. Such IPNS are highly resistant to cracks, making them very mechanically stable.
However, scientists at the Swedish Medical Nanoscience Centre (SMNC) at Karolinska Institutet in collaboration with collegues at Linköping University, have created now an organic bioelectronic device that is capable of receiving chemical signals,
#Novel microscope for nanosystems LMU/MPQ-scientists can image the optical properties of individual nanoparticles with a novel microscope.
Nanomaterials play an essential role in many areas of daily life. There is thus a large interest to gain detailed knowledge about their optical and electronic properties.
when particle size falls to the range of a few ten nanometers where a single particle provides only a vanishingly small signal.
The possibility to study the optical properties of individual nanoparticles or macromolecules promises intriguing potential for many areas of biology, chemistry, and nanoscience.
Spectroscopic measurements on large ensembles of nanoparticles suffer from the fact that individual differences in size, shape,
and molecular composition are washed out and only average quantities can be extracted. There is thus a large interest to develop single-particle-sensitive techniques."
one side of the resonator is made of a plane mirror that serves at the same time as a carrier for the nanoparticles under investigation.
the scientists used gold spheres with a diameter of 40 nanometers.""The gold particles serve as our reference system,
By combining higher order modes, the scientists could even increase the resolution to around 800 nanometers.
"In our experiment we use gold nanorods (34x25x25 nm) and we observe how the resonance frequency shifts depending on the orientation of the polarization.
from the characterization of nanomaterials and biological nanosystems to spectroscopy of quantum emitters. e
#Nanostructure design enables pixels to produce two different colors depending on polarization of incident light Through precise structural control,
A*STAR researchers have encoded a single pixel with two distinct colors and have used this capability to generate a three-dimensional stereoscopic image.
So they set about designing a nanostructure architecture that could provide more'bang for the buck'.'Having previously used plasmonic materials to generate color prints at the optical diffraction limit by carefully varying the nanostructure size and spacing,
Yang thought polarization would be a promising direction to pursue.""We decided to extend our research to prints that would exhibit different images depending on the polarization of the incident light,
Goh and Yang trialed two aluminum nanostructures as pixel arrays: ellipses and two squares separated by a very small space (known as coupled nanosquare dimers.
Complex nanostructures, including circularly asymmetric shapes, offer many more options.""By employing additional circular polarizations, we could encode multiple images that is, not just two,
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