including water, oil, highly corrosive media, biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. Not only did the material repel all the liquid
a chemical produced by steam cracking of naphtha or by catalytic cracking of gas oil. Butadiene is an impurity in propene streams that must be removed from the stream through hydrogenation
This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen and argon gases into a tube furnace.
At high temperatures, methane decomposes into carbon atoms that settle onto the germanium's surface to form a uniform graphene sheet.
Instead of the combustion of volatile chemicals, ion engines operate with chemically inert xenon gas. Using an electrostatic field,
the ionized gas is accelerated out of the nozzle, propelling the craft forward. This is the same type of thruster technology used on NASA Dawn spacecraft,
465-kilometer (910-mile) flight without a drop of fuel. The world's first aircraft powered by solar energy was to remain in Ahmedabad for two days before flying to the holy city of Varanasi on Saturday.
and vegetable wrapping foil but it is considered not yet a full alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics,
LA will never fully replace petroleum-based plastics. For one thing, some objects, such as toilet drain pipes, are meant not to be biodegradable.
however, is that climatic shifts tied to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere a direct result of burning fossil fuels can only make matters worse.
and to maximize the use of renewable fuels. While it can operate totally independent of a large central generator
An ebook From Forbes Find out what happened to the oil industrynd where it headed next. oth solar
Gundersen said. he extraction cost of fuels continues to rise, while technology costs continue to fall.
If a dangerous gas is detected in the air, or if a person using a restroom leaves it odorous,
Speculation that fossil fuel use overall is fast approaching a peak has been percolating for some time. A recent study published in the journal Fuel
and conducted by a team of resource geologists and environmental engineers in Australia and China suggested that global fossil fuel use would likely top out within the next 10 years,
and decline precipitously thereafter. They attributed much of this projection to decreased reliance on coal in China,
and economics are unlikely to be realized, given changes in energy consumption patterns in various countries and the status of ultimately recoverable fossil fuel resources globally. n a business-as usual situation,
and parts of Asia will strategically position themselves to be dependent on fossil fuel imports, said Gary Ellem,
The nearly limitless accessibility provided by smartphones fuels the idea that sharing things is more important than doing things.
said Magnus Egerstedt, Schlumberger Professor in Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer engineering, in a statement. nstead,
and efficiently create hydrogen fuel. his new system shatters all of the combined safety, performance, and stability records for artificial leaf technology by factors of 5 to 10
generating protons and electrons as well as oxygen gas. The photocathode recombines the protons and electrons to form hydrogen gas.
NO EXPLOSIONS A key part of the design is the plastic membrane, which keeps the oxygen and hydrogen gases separate.
the membrane lets the hydrogen fuel be collected separately under pressure and safely pushed into a pipeline.
Semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide absorb light efficiently and are used therefore in solar panels. However, these materials also oxidize
so cannot be used to directly generate fuel. Previous work in Lewis laboratory led to a major advance in the design.
CHEAP CATALYST Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production. The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction.
converts 10 percent of the energy in sunlight into stored energy in the chemical fuel,
and can operate for more than 40 hours continuously. ur work shows that it is indeed possible to produce fuels from sunlight safely and efficiently in an integrated system with inexpensive components,
you burn a little bit of gas.""By offloading some of the clutching muscle forces from the calf to the passive-elastic device,
and the Arab oil embargo of the 1970s made the Concorde economically unviable and it ended up as a tiny fleet, only flying with British airways and Air france because of French and British government pressure.
but also alter the center of pressure as the fuel and oxygen are burned to keep the aircraft properly trimmed.
so long as they can supply the cryogenic propellants. It wouldn't interfere with existing air corridors,
#Finnish tech could let smartphones"see"gas Smartphones are already able to monitor things such as light, sound, movement and geographical location.
if a given gas is present, and in what amount. Among other things, it has been suggested that the device could be used to measure carbon dioxide concentrations.
San diego are also all working on smartphone gas sensors s
#Aluminum"yolk"nanoparticles deliver high-capacity battery recipe Researchers at MIT and Tsinghua University in China have found a way to more than triple the capacity of the anodes,
accelerating and braking, the system is said to be more efficient, meaning less fuel and carbon emissions as a result.
#Boron-doped graphene to enable ultrasensitive gas sensors As an atom-thick, two-dimensional material with high conductivity,
and may eventually lead to detectors with such sensitivity that they could detect infinitesimally tiny amounts of gas in the order of parts per quadrillion.
the researchers created sensors that are able to detect gas molecules at exceptionally low concentrations;
where they were compared then with known highly sensitive gas sensors. At the same time, the Novoselov lab at the University of Manchester, UK (where graphene was synthesized first
"This multidisciplinary research paves a new avenue for further exploration of ultrasensitive gas sensors, "says Dr. Avetik Harutyunyan,
or the detection of NOX leaks in automotive or industrial areas where exhaust fumes from engines containing the gas can prove lethal in confined spaces.
The scientists also believe that their theoretical research points towards using boron-doped graphene to improve such things as lithium-ion batteries by controlling generated gas levels for optimum efficiency y
#Teenage Girl Turns Plastic Trash Into Million-Dollar Biofuel An Egyptian teenager has discovered an inexpensive way to turn plastic trash into fuel
Azza Faiad ideas attracted the attention of the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. The institute gave the teen access to a lab
and its researchers in order to help refine her trash to fuel formula. Faiad discovered a cheap and plentiful catalyst called aluminisilicate that drastically reduces the cost of converting plastic waste into gases like methane and propane,
which can be turned into ethanol, what some scientists are calling iofuelbecause the organic chemicals from plastic polymers she extracts,
are the same chemicals extracted from vegetation to create ethanol biofuel. The process releases other chemicals that can also be recycled and sold.
Egypt produces a million tons of plastic trash every year, and it estimated Faiad process could convert that much trash into fuel worth$78 million every year.
In fact, she believes it could raise the total return to $163 million each year from Egypt plastic trash.
and she is now working on a patent for her trash to fuel process p
#Connecticut Becomes 1st State To end Chronic Homelessness Among Vets Connecticut officials announced Thursday they had become the first state in the nation to provide housing for every one of its chronically homeless veterans.
these problems can add up to rocketing fuel costs, excessive wear and tear, and the need to significantly oversize generators to cover relatively rare moments of fluctuating load,
For the grid at large, it could place strict limitations on how much renewable energy can be integrated before the need arises for excessive amounts of fossil fuel-fired power plants
Innovus is looking to maintain high fuel efficiency and the constant delivery of clean and stable power
while saving about 450,000 liters of fuel per year--a significant cost reduction for an island that must import all its fuel.
Mining companies pay roughly 70 cents per liter of diesel fuel, but often have to oversize their fixed-speed generator fleets to meet rare peaks in demand,
since it doesn imply any burning of fossil fuels. But pure battery systems still have a hard time penciling out in all but the most expensive fossil fuel markets.
Even if batteries get to the point where the round trip is more cost-effective than burning fossil fuel, hat greatfor Innovus,
Hoffman said. e still say, dispatch it when it there. But it in storage best interest to have fossil fuel,
or a fuel cell, or some dispatchable power source beyond your storage. t
#Solarcity Has a New Plan to Make Distributed Energy an Integral Part of the Grid Solarcity has an idea for how to help California utilities tap their own customers as an integral part of their billion-dollar distribution grid plans:
The plan is called a istribution loading ordera variation of the state longstanding loading order that puts renewables and efficiency ahead of fossil fuel-fired power for large-scale power procurements and transmission planning.
As part of the experiment, the worms were surrounded by fluid containing tiny gas-filled bubbles. Low-intensity ultrasound waves he same type used in sonography ere amplified by the bubbles before propagating into the worms.
#Insanely Fuel efficient Engine Could Go to Mars And Back On One Tank Of Fuel An ion engine that smashes the fuel efficiency record has been registered for an innovation patent.
Inventor Patrick Neumann told University of Sydney student newspaper Honi Soit the drive could go to ars
and back on a tank of fuel but its first application may be shunting networks of small satellites around in Earth orbit.
Neumann says metal fuels have advantages besides efficiency. Hipep uses Xenon, and as Neumann says,
Spaceships using his drive might find capturing fuel made from a dead satellite a handy way to refuel,
but the fuel tank would be empty when you got there. In the second case a return journey would require either scavenging material locally
or parking fuel in Mars orbit, or on a refuelling station established at Phobos or Deimos, preparatory to the voyage.
Visit to BMW factory fuels further rumours of possible partnership During the visit executives from the technology company asked detailed questions about tooling and production,
#GE scientist creates new fuel-saving material NISKAYUNA, N y. For nearly three decades Krishan Luthra stubbornly labored away in a General electric research lab on a long-shot effort to cook up a new type of ceramic that few consumers will ever see or use.
and promises to save billions of gallons of fuel in the coming decades by reducing weight
It has helped GE win jet engine orders worth $100 billion so far from airlines looking to shave their huge fuel bills.
Pratt & Whitney, CFM main competition, is trying to achieve similar fuel savings with a new type of jet engine that uses a gear system never tried before.
and fuel consumption could improve by 10 percent extraordinary gains for a technology that counts a single percentage point of improvement as a huge advance.
It will also almost certainly be used in gas-fired power plants and perhaps in nuclear reactors as well.
Essentially, government-led negotiations in Part D could stall the pipeline of new drugsne that has benefited highly from the plan previously,
and 29 arthritis drugs in the pipeline became 92. Thorpe insists that prescription drugs are not just about price. he most useful way to look at
a pollutant gas commonly found in vehicle exhaust that also results from fossil fuel combustion. Prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide can be dangerous to human health,
and filter harmful gas from air.""This sensor can bring a significant change to our daily life
unlike the gas sensors invariably developed with the existing solid substrates, "says Hyung-Kun Lee,
#New Material Could Turn Water into Fuel Scientists have designed theoretically a new material that could help supply the world with clean energy by turning water into fuel,
the complex new material could also be used to turn carbon dioxide from the air into a carbon-based fuel,
"Finding a material that can help create readily available fuels is one of the holy grails of science,
environmentally-friendly fuels to power the future.""Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is an energy-intensive process,
which currently requires much more energy in from electricity than comes out in usable fuel. To make the process more efficient,
The Reading-led team used supercomputer simulations to look at many different candidates as potential photocatalysts for fuel production reactions.
With applications for both the food packaging and cosmetic industries, the new bioactive film is a green alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics
including a small polymer panel that literally goes"poof,"changing from a solid into a gas.
Modumetal's corrosion-resistant metal laminates have won already over the oil and gas industry, which require longer-lasting materials for the construction of oil rigs.
Car companies, the aviation industry as well as bridge manufacturers could be next in line. Corrosion resistance isn't the only super-trait of these metals.
But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials.
The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing which are bulky and difficult to miniaturize,
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials.
The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing which are bulky and difficult to miniaturize,
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
Synthesis of graphene via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of methane gas onto a copper substrate is the most common way of producing the quantity
In this process, the researchers start with methane, which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons.
when it explored dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapor deposition chamber.
affiliated with the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic systems (CALDES), reported a tunable band gap in black phosphorus (BP),
Like graphene, BP is a semiconductor and also cheap to mass produce. The one big difference between the two is BP natural band gap
allowing the material to switch its electrical current on and off. The research team tested on few layers of BP called phosphorene
which is an allotrope of phosphorus. Keun Su Kim, an amiable professor stationed at POSTECH speaks in rapid bursts when detailing the experiment,
therefore we tuned BP band gap to resemble the natural state of graphene, a unique state of matter that is different from conventional semiconductors.
Their porous properties have led to proposed application in carbon capture, hydrogen storage and toxic gas separations,
to enable solid structures with uses in gas separation and storage. Dr Thomas Bennett from the Department of Materials science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge says:
#Butterfly wings help break the status quo in gas sensing The unique properties found in the stunning iridescent wings of a tropical blue butterfly could hold the key to developing new highly selective gas detection sensors.
has replicated the surface chemistry found in the iridescent scales of the Morpho butterfly to create an innovative gas sensor.
This selective response to vapour molecules is the key to this bio-inspired gas sensor.
and Air force Research Laboratory, produced these new kind of colorimetric sensors that favourably compete with conventional gas sensor arrays in simplicity, stability,
but meaningful gas leaks in a multitude of industrial processes remain an unmet environmental, health,
The research team believe this highly selective colorimetric sensor could represent a significant advancement in gas leak detection performance in the future.
This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen, and argon gases into a tube furnace.
At high temperatures, methane decomposes into carbon atoms that settle onto the germanium's surface to form a uniform graphene sheet.
gas bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen are formed. If this voltage is generated by sunlight in a solar cell,
then you could store solar energy by generating hydrogen gas. This is because hydrogen is a versatile medium of storing
New photocathode with several advantages Under the"Light2hydrogen"BMBF Cluster project and an ongoing"Solar H2"DFG Priority programme, a team from the HZB Institute for Solar fuels has developed now a novel photoelectrode
She uses a chemical vapour coating technique (sprayed ion-layer gas reaction/Spray-ILGAR) that was developed
In this process, the titanium dioxide and platinum precursors are dissolved in ethanol and converted to a fog using an ultrasonic bath.
The produced aerosol is directed over the heated substrate using a stream of nitrogen gas resulting into a polycrystalline thin film grown on the chalcopyrite substrate over time with embedded nanoparticles of platinum.
"Because oil and water don't mix, the oil wets the particles and creates capillary bridges between them
so that the particles stick together on contact, "said Orlin Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the corresponding author of the paper."
Chilling the oil is like drying the sandcastle. Reducing the temperature from 45 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius freezes the oil
and makes the bridges fragile, leading to breaking and fragmentation of the nanoparticle chains. Yet the broken nanoparticles chains will reform
the oil liquefies and an external magnetic field is applied to the particles.""In other words, this material is temperature responsive,
In this process, the researchers start with methane, which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons.
when it explored dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapor deposition chamber.
#Artificial leaf harnesses sunlight for efficient fuel production Generating and storing renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, is a key barrier to a clean energy economy.
a cost-effective method of producing fuels using only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, mimicking the natural process of photosynthesis in plants
and storing energy in the form of chemical fuels for use on demand. Over the past five years, researchers at JCAP have made major advances toward this goal,
safe, integrated solar-driven system for splitting water to create hydrogen fuels.""This result was a stretch project milestone for the entire five years of JCAP as a whole,
The new solar fuel generation system, or artificial leaf, is described in the August 24 online issue of the journal Energy and Environmental science.
and materials components needed for an integrated solar fuels generator.""The new system consists of three main components:
generating protons and electrons as well as oxygen gas. The photocathode recombines the protons and electrons to form hydrogen gas.
A key part of the JCAP design is the plastic membrane, which keeps the oxygen and hydrogen gases separate.
the membrane lets the hydrogen fuel be collected separately under pressure and safely pushed into a pipeline.
Semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide absorb light efficiently and are used therefore in solar panels. However, these materials also oxidize
so cannot be used to directly generate fuel. A major advance that allowed the integrated system to be developed was previous work in Lewis's laboratory,
The new complete solar fuel generation system developed by Lewis and colleagues uses such a 62.5-nanometer-thick Tio2 layer to effectively prevent corrosion
Another key advance is the use of active, inexpensive catalysts for fuel production. The photoanode requires a catalyst to drive the essential water-splitting reaction.
converts 10 percent of the energy in sunlight into stored energy in the chemical fuel,
"Our work shows that it is indeed possible to produce fuels from sunlight safely and efficiently in an integrated system with inexpensive components,
Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane.
Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane London,
Methane capture and storage provides a double environmental return-it removes a harmful greenhouse gas from the atmosphere that can then be used as a fuel that is cleaner than other fossil fuels.
if we can use this for methane storage?'"'"he continues. The absorbency of coffee grounds may be the key to successful activation of the material for carbon capture."
Activated carbon derived from waste coffee grounds for stable methane storage About Institute of Physics The Institute of Physics is a leading scientific society.
a chemical produced by steam cracking of naphtha or by catalytic cracking of gas oil. Butadiene is an impurity in propene streams that must be removed from the stream through hydrogenation
Berkeley Lab researchers find a better way to store natural gas as a transportation fuel Researchers with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have developed a variety
of metal-organic frameworks (MOFS)- sponge-like 3d crystals with an extraordinarily large internal surface area-that feature flexible gas-adsorbing pores.
This flexibility gives these MOFS a high capacity for storing methane, which in turn has the potential to help make the driving range of an adsorbed-natural-gas (ANG) car comparable to that of a typical gasoline-powered car."
"Our flexible MOFS can be used to boost the usable capacity of natural gas in a tank,
reduce the heating effects associated with filling an ANG tank, and reduce the cooling effects upon discharging the gas from the ANG tank,
"says Jeffrey Long, a chemist with Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and the University of California (UC) Berkeley who is leading this research."
"This ability to maximize the deliverable capacity of natural gas while also providing internal heat management during adsorption and desorption demonstrates a new concept in the storage of natural gas that provides a possible path forward for ANG applications where none was envisioned before."
"Long is the corresponding author of a Nature paper that describes this work entitled,"Methane storage in flexible metal-organic frameworks with intrinsic thermal management."
"The lead author is Jarad Mason, a member of Long's research group. See below for a complete list of co-authors.
The United states holds a vast amount of proven natural gas reserves-some 360 trillion cubic feet and climbing.
While compressed natural gas-fueled vehicles are already on the road, the widespread use of natural gas as a transportation fuel has been hampered by cumbersome and expensive onboard gas storage tanks and the cost of dispensing compressed natural gas to vehicles.
The storage issue is especially keen for light-duty vehicles such as cars, in which the space available for onboard fuel storage is limited.
ANG has the potential to store high densities of methane within a porous material at ambient temperature and moderate pressures
but designing such high-capacity systems while still managing the thermal fluctuations associated with adsorbing
and desorbing the gas from the adsorbent has proven to be difficult. The key to the success of the MOFS developed by Long,
Mason and their colleagues is stepped a"adsorption and desorption of methane gas.""Most porous materials that would be used as adsorbents exhibit classical Langmuir-type isotherm adsorption,
where the amount of methane adsorbed increases continuously but with a decreasing slope as the pressure is raised so that,
upon discharging the methane down to the minimum delivery pressure, much of it remains in the tank,
because the gas must force its way into the MOF crystal structure, opening and expanding the pores.
This means the amount of methane that can be delivered to the engine, i e.,, the usable capacity, is higher than for traditional, non-flexible adsorbents."
when methane is delivered to accelerate the vehicle.""Crystallites that experience higher external pressures will have a greater free energy change associated with the phase transition
Combined gas adsorption and in situ powder X-ray diffraction experiments performed under various pressures of methane at 25°C (77°F) showed that there is minimal adsorption of methane by the cobalt-bpd MOF at low pressures,
When the methane pressure decreased to between 10 bar and 5 bar the framework fully converted back to the collapsed phase,
pushing out all of the adsorbed methane gas. Long says that it should be possible to design MOF adsorbents of methane with even stronger gas binding sites and higher energy phase transitions for next generation ANG vehicles.
He and his group are working on this now and are also investigating whether the strategy can be applied to hydrogen,
and packing strategies should also allow further reductions to external thermal-management requirements and optimization of the overall natural gas storage system performance. c
"Carbon dioxide is 15 percent of the gas coming off a power plant, so a carbon-capture unit is going to be said big
"From flue gas to submarines Power plants that capture CO2 today use an old technology whereby flue gases are bubbled through organic amines in water, where the carbon dioxide binds to amines.
The liquid is heated then to 120-150 degrees Celsius (250-300 degrees Fahrenheit) to release the gas, after
That would pave the way for eventual scale up to capturing CO2 from natural gas plants, which produce emissions containing about 5 percent CO2, to the higher concentrations of coal fired power plants."
which can be a problem in flue gas. And it just happens we got the right length in the amine to make these one-dimensional chains that bind CO2IN a cooperative manner."
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