"In this paper, we demonstrated their efficacy on sugars, but one can envision applications of this concept with enzymes acting on other types of molecules such as lipids
Others break apart substrates into multiple products, such as ones that break down starch into sugars. Enzymes are used in a wide range of commercial applications,
such as the preparation of foods, dietary supplements, therapeutics and chemical materials. A major goal in biotechnology is to modify enzyme activity
One of its major uses is the production of short sugar chains that can serve as beneficial prebiotics.
This enzyme builds chains of sugar molecules by adding individual sugar units to existing chains.
However, its products are of varying length, leading low amounts of the desired short sugar chains.
The team set out to design a monobody that causes the enzyme to only act on small sugar chains.
and prevents it from accepting large sugars as a substrate--thereby forcing it to produce only short sugar chains."
"We were able to design one monobody that prevents beta-galactosidase from using certain sugars as starting material
On the other hand, cells in a dish lack the critical element of realistic 3-D structure.""This technique lets us produce simple components of tissue in a dish that we can easily study
and manipulate,"said Michael Todhunter, Phd, who led the new study with Noel Jee, Phd,
and so-called"variant"CJD in humans who subsequently consumed BSE-contaminated beef or other tissues.
"Unlike the danger of BSE from contaminated beef, the researchers stress that there is no apparent risk of infection by MSA prions outside of specialized medical or research settings.
a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
Instead of sugars, however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.
especially the catalysts that convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars at room temperatures.""This is not about mimicking nature directly
a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
Instead of sugars, however, synthetic photosynthesis seeks to produce liquid fuels that can be stored for months or years and distributed through existing energy infrastructure.
especially the catalysts that convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars at room temperatures.""This is not about mimicking nature directly
of blood and nutrients. This can repair an organ that would normally be turned down for transplant.
"The key ingredient of our new formula is sorbitol, a common sugar alcohol,"reveals Miyawaki.""By combining sorbitol in the right proportion with urea, we could create transparent brains with minimal tissue damage,
when biodiesel is formed from vegetable oil, and convert this into an ingredient to produce even more biodiesel.
It is believed this new process will have significant environmental benefits by improving the yield of biodiesel in a sustainable way that doesn't require the use of additional fossil fuels
"The molecules are stacked like dishes in a dish rack, "Furis explains, "these stacked molecules--this dish rack--is the electron superhighway."
At the Mcgill Nutrition and Performance Laboratory we specialize in cachexia and sarcopenia. By treating these two pathologic conditions through inhibiting the USP19 gene, at an early,
and a university coffee shop. During the experiments, they used a bank application, cell phone application,
a particularly complex BMC that requires a series of protein-protein interactions involving at least six gene products to form a metabolic core that takes CO2 out of the atmosphere and converts it into sugar.
"It's comparable to making coffee. Rather than getting an oven to roast the coffee beans, a grinder to process them and a brewing machine,
Customizable viruses The Food and Drug Administration has approved a handful of bacteriophages for treating food products,
or disinfecting food, as well as treating human disease. Another advantage of this approach is that all of the phages are based on an identical genetic scaffold,
In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has designated it as a breakthrough therapy,
The group measured flows of five different salt ions through several graphene sheet setups by applying a voltage and measuring the current flowing through the pores.
These modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy diets and smoking.
so that they may have a healthier diet, engage in more physical activity or get medication to reduce their metabolic syndrome severity and their future risk for disease,
In such cases, the patient will be treated with a cocktail of chemotherapy instead of a more appropriately targeted treatment
The ratio of the ingredients can be adjusted to control the liquid's properties, allowing the carrier solvent to be mixed easily into a conventional conductive water-based ink to significantly reduce the resistance.
"We like to envision DNA as a plate of food, and our molecules as salt and pepper shakers:
We change the flavor of the DNA PROBE by salting it with a little more stoichiometry or peppering it with a little more of the protector."
#Genome-edited plants, without DNA The public and scientists are at odds over the safety of genetically modified (GM) food.
According to a January 2015 Pew Research center report, only 37%of the public believe that GM foods are safe
Currently European union GMO regulations don't allow for food with added DNA. Since the Cas9 RNP technique does not use DNA,
and create heartier crops in foods like tomatoes and lettuce. The application of the Cas9 RNP gene editing technique could be the next step in ending food shortages s
#Powerful plastic microscope brings better diagnostic care for world's rural poor You can learn a lot about the state of someone's immune system just by examining their blood under the microscope.
In 2002, the Japanese cryptographer Tsutomu Matsumoto showed that imitation fingerprints made cheaply from gelatin,
Currently, no durable, long-term right ventricular assist device (RVAD) has received Food and Drug Administration approval,
"The magnets are the defining ingredient in their 3-D printing technology. Erb initially described their role in the composite-making process in a 2012 paper in the journal Science.
When confronted with a DNA stew, like the one from the water samples in Rifle, scientists use substances called primers to draw out
about as wide as a pizza. Openings around the edge channel sound through 36 passages towards a microphone in the middle.
a key malaria-drug ingredient that was derived previously from trees (see Reuters story of August 12, 2014, http://reut. rs/1j2ovkj).
The scientists said they altered the yeast's genetic make-up in a way that coaxed the cells to convert sugar into two opioids-hydrocodone and thebaine-in three to five days."
Smolke's team inserted DNA into the yeast that encodes instructions for the cells to make the enzymes necessary to perform the sugar conversion steps.
After founding the start-up company page Drinking Paper last year in collaboration with WATERISLIFE, Dankovich has helped now to design the 25-page drinkable book,
and the water is safe to drink. ny efforts to provide clean safe drinking water to communities for which it is lacking,
In previous studies on monkeys trained to do the picture-recall task, receiving a juice reward when correct,
The team exploits the fact that people memory skills fluctuate over time depending on variables such as how much caffeine they have consumed
Meanwhile, a paralyzed woman directed a robotic arm with her thoughts to bring a straw to her lips for a sip of soda.
safe light source powered by salt and water, which can last for up to six months when used for eight hours a day.
which include free beers, discounts on groceries and 50 percent off of bike repairs. Individuals, collectives and schools can also take advantage of a free educational package
which helps customers remember the mustard flavors they liked. Now, Japanese retail chain Uniqlo has collaborated with Alexander Svensson to install smart heat-sensitive mirrors in its changing rooms,
and digest food. The average life span of a patient with cystic fibrosis is less than 40 years.
Further investigation revealed that SHMT2 is expressed most highly in cancer cells that live in so-called ischemic regions areas that are very low in oxygen and nutrients.
however by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas r
#Brain imaging Explains Reason For good and Poor Language Outcomes in ASD Toddlers Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri), University of California,
and so did the value of Brazilian currency, making food exports unprofitable. So people stopped cutting down rain forest.
Finally, Brazilian beef and soybean production were rising during much of the same time when deforestation was falling.
I not sure about that as a cause Brazilian beef exports are actually down this year,
since so many different salts can be combined with so many different solvents plus impurities play a role.
and salts, solvents, and moreave been calculated. Screening such quantities of molecules for suitable properties using traditional synthesis
and can absorb many things from the surroundings such as nutrients. So it is suited therefore well for targeted treatment;
and regularly monitoring the amount of sugar in their bloodstream. That last step is a crucial tool in treating the condition
and it the way many microbes find food. f you can design particles that can feel their environment
gelatin, glass, and porcelain, but their potential to create new materials remains largely untapped. Notably, DNA-coated colloids offer particular promise
This lesion, a damaged form of the normal DNA base cytosine, is caused by the reactive molecule hypochlorous acid the main ingredient in household bleach
#Nicotine-eating bacteria could one day help smokers kick the habit Most people who smoke cigarettes know it bad for their health,
of which took less than five days to convert sugar into one of two medicinal compounds: either thebaine,
A process that had taken a year from farm to pharmaceutical factory now occurs in three to five days in yeast genetically engineered to biosynthesize the active ingredients for opioid painkillers;
For thousands of years, people have used yeast to ferment wine, brew beer and leaven bread.
Now researchers at Stanford have engineered genetically yeast to make painkilling medicines, a breakthrough that heralds a faster and potentially less expensive way to produce many different types of plant-based medicines.
so that these fast-growing cells could convert sugar into hydrocodone in just three to five days.
or brewed into teas, or later refined into pills using chemical processes to extract and concentrate their active ingredients.
Smolke team is modernizing the process by inserting precisely engineered snippets of DNA into cells, such as yeast,
These genes equipped the yeast to produce all the enzymes necessary for the cells to convert sugar into hydrocodone,
Many plants, including opium poppies, produce (S)- reticuline, a molecule that is a precursor to active ingredients with medicinal properties.
In addition to bioengineering yeast to convert sugar into hydrocodone, the Stanford team developed a second strain that can process sugar into thebaine,
Adjuvants are used compounds in vaccines that activate innate immunity they are necessary ingredient of efficient vaccines.
These mini-tissues in a dish can be used to study how particular structural features of tissue affect normal growth
On the other hand, cells in a dish lack the critical element of realistic 3-D structure. his technique lets us produce simple components of tissue in a dish that we can easily study
we hope to be able to test for a whole suite of nutrients in a reasonably short period of time
Now scientists say that the main ingredient allowing this method to avoid usual drawbacks is sorbitol
and cellulose, a sugar-based polymer which gives plant cell walls their structure. Dispersing a drug in a polymer matrix protects it
Once the controller drug is added to the dish, however the CD19-expressing cells are killed off, one by one, by the T cells.
including pathogen detection in food or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
a gas station and a university coffee shop. During the experiments, they used a bank application, cell phone application and magnetic credit card chip.
including pathogen detection in food or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
and that is to me an opportunity to change the world in a very big waysaid Baratunde Cola, an associate professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering at Georgia Tech. s a robust, high-temperature detector,
Cola. ow was the perfect time to try some new things and make a device work, thanks to advances in fabrication technology.
Using metallic multiwall carbon nanotubes and nanoscale fabrication techniques, Cola and collaborators Asha Sharma, Virendra Singh and Thomas Bougher constructed devices that utilize the wave nature of light rather than its particle nature.
Cola explained. he closer you can get the antenna to the diode, the more efficient it is.
The rectennas fabricated by Cola group are grown on rigid substrates, but the goal is to grow them on a foil
Cola sees the rectennas built so far as simple proof of principle. He has ideas for how to improve the efficiency by changing the materials
In such cases, the patient will be treated with a cocktail of chemotherapy instead of a more appropriately targeted treatment,
Mitochondria are as complex as any modern manufacturing facility, with specialized machinery for converting nutrients and oxygen into cellular energy.
These risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy diets and smoking.
so that they may have a healthier diet, engage in more physical activity or get medication to reduce their metabolic syndrome severity and their future risk for disease,
Meng said that in this study the team replaced those organic layers with metal oxide layers that sandwich the perovskite layer,
The ratio of the ingredients can be adjusted to control the liquid properties, allowing the carrier solvent to be mixed easily into a conventional conductive water-based ink to significantly reduce the resistance.
he said. e like to envision DNA as a plate of food, and our molecules as salt and pepper shakers:
We change the flavor of the DNA PROBE by salting it with a little more stoichiometry or peppering it with a little more of the protector. hat a reasonable analogy for
#Mini-kidney organoids re-create disease in lab dishes Stem-cell biology and gene editing advances offer hope for kidney regeneration,
when they could develop into any type of organ in the body When treated with a chemical cocktail,
The findings were published in the journal Nature Communications. he study provides a proof-of-concept that we can use a genetic approach to make kidney disease in a dish,
three-dimensional mini-organs grown in a lab dish, to model human kidney development and to test for drug toxicity.
The bicarbonate can then be processed further into products such as baking soda and chalk. In an industrial setting, the UF researchers believe the carbonic anhydrase could be captured this way:
Drugs that flip this switch rapidly reduced obesity and diabetes risk factors in mice fed a high fat diet.
and the loss of brown fat hen we feed mice high fat foods, which is like going to Mcdonalds every day,
The drugs also significantly reduced the negative effects of a high-fat diet in mice, including reducing weight gain and, to the researcherssurprise,
Normally, mice fed a high fat diet for 45 days quickly balloon to nearly 160 percent of their starting weight.
said Freedman. e could also imagine this type of drug would be part of a cocktail therapy,
Despite the project sounding like a pie-in-the-sky dream straight from a science fiction movie,
#Breeding higher yielding crops by increasing sugar import into seeds Once a mother plant releases its embryos to the outside world,
and compete successfully, the mother plant whole life is dedicated to producing sugars in its leaves,
The sugars are manufactured in the leaves when the plant turns the Sun energy into chemical energy
The amount of sugars that fill a seed directly determines the seed size. A team of scientists led by Carnegie Wolf Frommer has discovered now that a sugar-transport protein in maize
and rice called SWEET4 is both necessary for successful seed filling and shows genome changes that indicate domestication by humans.
more sugar-filled seeds such as maize kernels were more attractive to human cultivators, due to their nutritive value and their ability to produce sturdier seedlings.
Frommer and his lab have worked extensively on the family of SWEET sugar transporters, which play several key roles in plants,
and transporting sugars from the leaves to other tissues. They also discovered that SWEETS make plants susceptible to hijacking by pathogens that steal plant energy supplies before they can be transported to the seeds.
Frommer team analyzed maize genes involved in sugar-related processes to find ones that were seed urned onduring development.
which encodes a sugar transporter protein in maize, was shown to be expressed specifically in the maize seed by the group of Prem Chourey at University of Florida,
when import of sugars into a seed is maximal, between 10 and 17 days after the seed is pollinated. e believe that as early farmers selected larger seeds to eat and plant,
they unconsciously selected for increased sugar import into these seeds by SWEET4CCARNEGIE Davide Sosso, the lead author of this study,
because seeds that contained more sugars were larger and more nutritious. A major breakthrough of this study was the finding that SWEET4C is absolutely essential for seeds to be filled.
sugars were delivered not to the seeds and the backpack was empty (in science jargon: empty pericarp.
whose organs lacked a sugar molecule that normally lines their blood vessels. That molecule was the major culprit behind what called hyperacute rejection,
Removing the sugar molecule helped. But it wasn enough. Tests in monkeys showed that other forms of organ rejection still damaged the pig tissue,
or even make cheese. During a January phone conference with reporters Church declared that e are aiming at modifying plant and animal cells,
. Or it might exchange genes with other organisms it runs into outside a lab dish.
or make cheese. And once synthetic biology leads to a new drug or vaccine, he thinks,
and tubing to clamp onto a donor heart and keep it fed with blood and nutrients.
if it receives a supply of nutrients. old is the old thing, and warm is the new thing,
This way the team effectively turns a circulatory death into a brain dead eating heartdonor. With the heart pumping,
rdinated. t not a fluid natural movement like you are picking up a cup of coffee to drink it,
#This is the first FDA-approved 3d printed drug The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first-ever 3d printed drug,
and now have concluded that the streaks contain mineral salts that easily absorb moisture. Judging by images of Martian cliffs taken from orbit,
which can rest on the surface of an agar plate, the researchers were able to amplify ultrasound waves
#Epilepsy drug is approved first FDA 3d printed pill The first 3d printed pill has been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA.
The device, described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is shaped like a large honeycombed pie with dozens of interlocking slices.
#New San francisco restaurant replaces humans with ipads Those sick and tired of having to deal with their fellow humans all the time have a new respite a fully automated restaurant in San francisco. Customers at Eatsa in the Financial District will order from an ipad,
When the meal is ready, it appears in a small glass compartment. The food is prepared by real people,
but the patrons never have to see them. The owners of Eatsa may have felt that San Franciscans needed to ease themselves into such a radical change
Hundreds visited the shop on Monday to try the vegetarian dishes, which prominently feature quinoa and at $6. 95 are well below market average in the city.
when more and more families are struggling to survive in the city. like the food and love the price,
me that people will begin to think that this is how all restaurants should be run
here is a fast food business model that we need to hit and wee looking at ways that technology can increase efficiency...
and it easily makes its way into the food chain. Yellowfin tuna stocks have seen a 3. 8 percent increase in mercury levels every year
but how do I get coffee with the person who made that product that I want to work on?'"
Calif. elcome to this reality-a store where you can buy shoes, eyewear and coffee,
where the VR is set up, plus locations in outlets like Whole Foods, Nordstrom and Journeys.
although Bajarin notes that Patron Tequila recently used VR to show its distillery in Mexico,
a store where you can buy shoes, eyewear and coffee, and also take a 360-degree immersive video trip to Peru.
"Toms has five retail stores where the VR is set up, plus locations in outlets like Whole Foods, Nordstrom and Journeys.
although Bajarin notes that Patron Tequila recently used VR to show its distillery in Mexico,
Cooking a meal/dining with Jefferson While such experiences would create new meanings for rying it on it remains to be seen
In other words, it the difference between learning the steps to cook a meal and actually feeling that you are having dinner with Thomas Jefferson.
It remains to be seen if we will ever be able to experience the latter. Perhaps actually feeling you are camping in the Andes is not necessary for VR to have a place in physical stores,
The new technology uses the method called'pervaporation'for removal of salt from water with minimal power usage.
The vapour is condensed thereafter to produce pure water for drinking purposes. The filter which is made of cellulose acetate powder
#Amazon wants you to stick Dash wi-fi'buy'buttons all over your home Amazon has released new wi-fi-connected Dash buttons for people who never want to run out of laundry detergent, coffee,
another for diapers, another for coffee, washing detergent, and so on. The buttons come with adhesive on the back,
so they can be attached where appropriate-the coffee button next to the coffee maker, for example. Once connected to the home wi-fi network,
The standalone DRS buttons are meant for items in the household for which no machine is associated-such as shaving blades, creams, paper towels,
and sports drinks. Brands would be able to supply consumers with their own-brand Dash buttons,
#Beyond food, beyond fashion: Turkey's journey towards a new startup culture While far from the levels of Greece, Spain,
while Yemeksepeti (also known as foodonclick), an online food delivery platform which employs more than 200 staff serving over 1. 2 million registered users in eight countries.
This Wednesday April 29th, Dr. Oliver Haferbeck, Head of Diabetes Care at Roche diagnostics will be part of a live panel on the Coffee break with Game Changers Radio.
#Spain's 3d food printing lab: Bringing technology to the table Technology has been encroaching into the professional kitchen for years.
Back in 2005, Homaro Cantu, chef at the now-shuttered Chicago restaurant Moto, printed an image of a hamburger on edible paper.
but it was first step in fusing tech and food. In 2011, researchers at the University of Exeter made headlines with a 3d printer that created designs in chocolate,
and MIT research associate David Carr followed up with a machine that printed out people's faces in the same medium.
a 3d printer working that uses prepared capsules of food to print dishes such as ravioli at the press of a button.
Then, at this year's CES, XYZPRINTING printed pizza. Is the future of food already here?
The Catalan government believes the region's food sector is a prime candidate for boosting the the area's economy,
according to The british magazine Restaurant, the world's best restauratnt, el Celler de Can Roca, is located in the Catalan city of Girona.
And Ferran Adrià, the superstar Catalan chef, is taking gastronomy to new levels of scientific creativity through elbullifoundation and the Bullipedia,
an encyclopedia aimed at changing the way cooks work. In addition, Catalonia will be the European region of gastronomy for 2016.
It was against this background that the the University of Barcelona (UB), the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) and the Fundació CIM, an organization
The laboratory has a multidisciplinary team led by Pere Castells, a chemist and authority on science and cooking.
with food pairing theory, based on the principle that foods go well with one another when they share key flavor components."
"3d printing offers new opportunities for personalized cuisine, a concept that will revitalize both the food industry and the restaurant business,
CHALLENGES All these changes are gently simmering away, like good dishes.""In field of gastronomy, the possibilities of 3d printing are not yet apparent,
"Castells said.""Printing flat designs can be done, but 3d is said something else Castells as he demonstrated how layers of chocolate are used to build up three-dimensional structures,
laid down one after the other by machines donated by the Fundació CIM and other haute cuisine equipment given by businesses.
The foundation, attached to Polytechnic University of Catalonia and working on an open hardware basis, has been selling 3d printers since 1998, according to Felip Fonollosa, its director general.
making it useful for creative cuisine. In fact, Carme Ruscalleda, the Catalan chef behind the three Michelin starred restaurant Sant Pau, used it to make an edible model of one of the stained-glass windows of Santa maria del Mar, a gothic church in Barcelona."
"It was quite easy because the structure was flat, "says Castells.""Right now, the greatest challenge with 3d food printing is to create volume,
and that's the next step for our laboratory.""To achieve this goal, Castells is planning to study the problems associated with giving food volume-that is,
a more 3d shape rather than a flat design-and also some experts in temperature control,
which he believes is a key factor in making food printing a success."Chocolate is a difficult product to work with,
"but"chocolate is a difficult one as it has to keep a certain temperature"."BENEFITS OF CAPSULES However, for now,"the market is still immature
"We have to establish a culture of food machine usage. Cooks are keen to do demonstrations
and shows but don't want to buy the machines yet.""As for Castells, he is convinced that benefits will come from cartridges
or capsules of food-like those used in coffee machines today. He has some time ahead to work on it:
the Alicia Foundation-a center devoted to technological innovation in food and promoting healthy eating,
and the Institute for Research and Technology, a Catalonian government organisation which promotes research and technological development in the area of agrifood
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