Using satellites to measure atmospheric concentrations of climate change-fueling carbon dioxide originating from coal-fired power plants could help verify other countries claims about their emissions of greenhouse gases helping regulators in the U s
. and abroad to enforce current and future international greenhouse gas emissions regulations a new Los alamos National Laboratory study shows.
But there are discrepencies in China's greenhouse gas emissions data and satellite remote sensing could eventually provide accurate data that would help make it easier to enforce international emissions regulations.#
#Scientists have had technical challenges using satellites to measure greenhouse gases because of their limited coverage area
and assess future satellite monitoring strategies#he said adding that research in using satellites to monitor atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations will flourish
The Los alamos team clearly demonstrated the value of remote sensing for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions said David Crisp the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) science lead at NASA s Jet propulsion laboratory.
#Today sensors on the ground are more accurate at measuring greenhouse gases than satellites but the OCO-2 is expected to take the next technological leap in satellite-based greenhouse gas measurement technology he said.
For CO2 emissions to be monitored accurately from space it would take a coordinated network of satellites similar to existing weather satellites he said.
but some countries have greenhouse gas-detecting satellites being launched within the next five years. Beyond the demonstration of possible satellite-based greenhouse gas detection technology the Los alamos study had some surprising results about the two New mexico power plant s emissions.
The study found that 70 to 75 percent of the regional atmosphere within about 6 miles of the power plants is polluted with their emissions.
The U s. Environmental protection agency is releasing a proposed rule on June 2 that is expected to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from existing coal-fired power plants including the two New mexico plants included in the Los alamos study.
We still don't know how much excess energy trapped by the continued increase of greenhouse gases is being stored On earth somewhere perhaps in the oceans
No solution to climate change can be found without reducing deforestation which accounts for more than 11 percent of greenhouse-gas emissions.
Nature Newsozone experts are exploring ways to curb powerful greenhouse gases of their own making under the Montreal Protocol,
but are also powerful greenhouse gases. Although in this respect many are less potent than their predecessors,
As greenhouse gases, they are covered under the Kyoto Protocol, but many believe that they could be eliminated much faster
explicitly citing the potential to further reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The US Environmental protection agency says that the resulting greenhouse-gas reductions could equate to around 2. 6 billion tonnes of CO2,
akin to taking more than 68 million vehicles off the road for 30 years, depending on which chemicals fill the void.
Although they represent less than 1%of the greenhouse-gas forcing, HFC emissions are rising by about 15%per year,
which is 11,700 times more potent than CO2 as a greenhouse gas (M. Wara Nature 445,595-596;
By contrast, the Lieberman-Warner climate legislation introduced in the US Senate last year proposed a stricter phase-down for HFCS than for other greenhouse gases,
by applying either the treaty itself or its framework to other powerful greenhouse gases such as perfluorocarbons (PFCS) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), both
Chemicals in early refrigerants contributed to the hole in Earth's ozone layer-->Â See also Correspondence'Time running out to deal with banks of greenhouse gases
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and, if true, the finding would require a major rethink of the planet's carbon budget.
Perhaps the most crippling barrier we face is the false idea that we cannot reduce greenhouse gas emissions without hurting the economy.
Many also hoped that OCO would pioneer an approach for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions under a future Kyoto-style global warming treaty.
and Japan's Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), launched in January this year, will measure carbon dioxide as well as methane and water vapour.
roughly half of the CO2 now being emitted by humans stays in the atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas,
confining them to greenhouses, and the Bavarian environment minister Markus Soder announced his intention to block cultivation of GM CROPS in the state.
decreasing the amount of carbon that plants remove from the atmosphere further exacerbating greenhouse warming by carbon dioxide.
but their future role in sequestering the greenhouse gas is uncertain. If rainforests are hit by serious drought,
Nature Newsthe state of California has adopted regulations to curb greenhouse-gas emissions from transportation fuels,
requiring fuel providers to cut the greenhouse-gas emissions from fuels by 10%by 2020,
The regulation includes greenhouse-gas-emissions calculations for the life cycle of all fuels. To meet the requirement,
%or more, meaning that ethanol often results in higher greenhouse-gas emissions than gasoline. Matt Hartwig, a spokesman for the Renewable Fuels Association in WASHINGTON DC, questions the science behind indirect emissions and says California has overstated vastly the problem.
The US Environmental protection agency is reviewing its own ruling that will establish greenhouse-gas criteria under the national biofuels mandate.
US environment agency declares greenhouse gases a threat: Nature Newsthe US Environmental protection agency (EPA) today declared greenhouse gases a threat to public health and welfare, a move that gives the Obama administration broad powers to regulate greenhouse gases without going through Congress.
EPA administrator Lisa Jackson said the proposed endangerment finding confirms that greenhouse gases pose a serious problem for current and future generations,
who could face an increased frequency of droughts, air pollution and flooding, as well as a rise in sea level.
hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons all of the greenhouse gases covered under the United nations climate treaty. The document specifically cited greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles as a danger to public health.
California Democrat Barbara Boxer, who handles climate regulation in the Senate as chairwoman of the Environment and Public works Committee
while working with existing greenhouse-gas monitoring satellites such as Europe's Envisat and Japan's Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT, also known as IBUKI).
Nature Newsthe Australian government's proposed cap-and-trade scheme to regulate greenhouse gases, released in draft legislation last month,
Australia produces less than 2%of the world's greenhouse gases, but its per-capita emissions are among the highest in the world
or more tonnes of carbon dioxide per year or the equivalent in other greenhouse gases would be required to obtain permits to emit,
widely thought to state that the greenhouse gases are pollutants endangering the public's health.
and produce fewer greenhouse-gas emissions than vehicles powered by ethanol, researchers report today. Burning biomass to produce electricity is generally more efficient than converting it into ethanol.
comparing cumulative greenhouse-gas emissions for both biofuels and bioelectricity. They found that the bioelectric route came out ahead of both corn ethanol
the reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions using bioelectricity are more than double those calculated for the cellulosic ethanol.
'adopted last month, sets a greenhouse-gas standard for fuels and then allows companies to pick their technologies,
On 5 may, the US Environmental protection agency proposed greenhouse-gas standards for various biofuels, but made no provision for electric transport.
With this promise, Mexico is challenging the idea that developing nations are sitting on their hands as greenhouse-gas emissions skyrocket.
Existing commitments by Brazil, China and Mexico alone will do nearly as much to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by next year as the European union hopes to accomplish by 2020, according to an analysis by the Center for Clean Air Policy in WASHINGTON DC.
The gulf between developed and developing nations over greenhouse gases and who should take responsibility for what remains alarmingly wide.
Annex I countries would have had to stop emitting greenhouse gases entirely in 2007. Bolivia carries this approach one step further by framing the issue in terms of'climate debt'.
The Alliance of Small Island States, for instance, often pushes for aggressive action to reduce greenhouse gases because of its pressing concern over rising sea levels,
-and-trade system to regulate greenhouse gases. The researchers estimate that regardless of whether the Waxman-Markey bill were enacted,
-and-trade scheme to limit greenhouse-gas emissions from industry (see Nature 458,554-555; 2009).
All told, the project would reduce the otherwise expected greenhouse-gas emissions by 3. 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent to taking more than half a million vehicles off the road for one year at a cost of just more than $5 per tonne.
Worldwide, deforestation accounts for as much as 20%of greenhouse-gas emissions and up to 70%of Brazil's emissions.
Paddy fields account for around 20%of human-related emissions of methane a potent greenhouse gas. Farmers normally flood rice fields throughout the growing season,
however, is that the practice of mid-season drainage has increased the release of nitrous oxide, another potent greenhouse gas,
But overall, the annual reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is equivalent to 270 million tonnes of carbon dioxide,
Methane is an attractive greenhouse gas to target for emission reduction, but the lack of an accurate estimate of the baseline level challenges the use of paddy emissions in carbon trading,
We would have had way too much of a greenhouse and the water would have boiled.
GM crop lures pest killers: Nature Newsresearchers have created transgenic maize plants that fight off pests by emitting a chemical to attract insect-killing nematode worms. 1the method,
The US Environmental protection agency has announced its nationwide reporting system for greenhouse-gas emissions. Large facilities will have to disclose their emissions every year,
The European commission exceeded its authority in imposing tighter-than-requested caps for greenhouse-gas emissions on Poland and Estonia in the second period of the Emission Trading System, a court ruled last week.
if greenhouse-gas emissions are curbed not quickly, according to Richard Betts, presenting a UK study from the Met Office's Hadley Centre.
because it produces fewer greenhouse-gas emissions and does not compete with food-supply needs.
Obama proposes greenhouse-gas standards for vehicles: Nature Newsthe Obama administration released new automobile standards on Tuesday, proposing regulations that would curb greenhouse-gas emissions and ratchet up fuel-efficiency standards beginning in 2012.
Released jointly by the US Environmental protection agency (EPA) and Department of transportation, the regulations would effectively increase fuel efficiency standards by nearly 40 percent, to more than 35.5 miles per gallon (about 15 kilometres per litre) in 2016.
Greenhouse-gas emissions for an automobile company's entire fleet would be limited to an average of 250 grams of carbon dioxide per mile,
The regulations are rooted in a 2007 Supreme court finding that the EPA has the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles.
which could be expanded to include broader greenhouse gas regulations for industrial sources such as power plants and heavy industry.
which effectively means that the greenhouse gas standards take over, says Jim Kliesch, a senior engineer in the Union of Concerned Scientists'clean vehicles programme in WASHINGTON DC.
-and-trade system to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 20%by 2020 and 83%by 2050,
On the same day, the US Environmental protection agency proposed a rule that would require major industrial facilities to use best available technologies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
-and-trade system to reduce covered greenhouse-gas emissions by 20%by 2020 and 83%by 2050,
and the administration formally proposed the first greenhouse-gas regulations for vehicles earlier this month.
and use the best available control technologies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The agency limited the rule to new facilities that produce more than 25
000 tonnes of greenhouse gases a year; existing facilities would be affected if they propose major modifications.
but it could also roll out its own regulatory programme to reduce greenhouse gases if lawmakers fail to act.
Nature Newsmany strategies for reining in greenhouse gases come with substantial health benefits, according to a new study.
But the actions with the most dramatic impact on greenhouse gases aren't necessarily the biggest winners for health.
Twelve days before the United nations climate summit kicks off in Copenhagen, an international task force has published five research papers exploring the impact that strategies for tackling greenhouse gas emissions would have on public health.
and Tropical Medicine, modelled a number of scenarios for reducing greenhouse gases. For each case study, the authors calculated the reductions of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYS
Although the effects of cutting greenhouse gases are long term and global, she says, the health benefits are immediate and more localized,
however, because they do not represent new greenhouse-gas reductions. European union officials would like to eliminate them altogether in a new global-warming treaty,
scientists and politicians will release findings on the public-health effects of policies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. go. nature. com/4vfwwo 25-27 november Planetary scientists will discuss observations
Nature Newsbuilding on an existing pledge to slash deforestation rates in the Amazon, Brazil is considering a commitment to substantially reduce cumulative greenhouse-gas emissions over the next decade.
'and then reduce their greenhouse-gas emissions. Developing countries are focusing on policies to reduce emissions growth and set up low-carbon development.
scientists and government officials have been updating the nation's greenhouse-gas inventories and quantifying potential reductions.
the country has taken a lone stance in demanding that wealthy countries should not be able to offset their greenhouse-gas emissions by funding forest conservation in the tropics.
a heat-trapping greenhouse gas that also accelerates the warming effect, says Fung. The work is in press in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are dangerous to human health, the US Environmental protection agency declared on 7 december.
It is estimated that deforestation accounts for around 12%of the greenhouse-gas emissions that cause climate change1
show that the biodiesel that it is preparing to market reduces greenhouse-gas emissions by 85%compared with standard diesel.
LS9 says that the shift from sugars to biomass as a feedstock would reduce greenhouse gases even further.
And on Thursday, Lisa Murkowski (Republican, Alaska) introduced a resolution that would effectively block the Environmental protection agency (EPA) from implementing new greenhouse-gas regulations.
The language states that Congress disapproves of the EPA's December 2009 assessment that greenhouse gases pose a threat to public health.
By declaring greenhouse gases a public health threat, the EPA is now legally bound to regulate emissions.
Many large corporations see greenhouse gas regulations as inevitable and are now arguing for legislation on the grounds that they cannot make investments
or a scaled-back climate bill that focuses on power plants and possibly on other major industrial sources of greenhouse-gas emissions.
when it began regulating greenhouse gases, and it might not be a bad option for the United states,
particularly if coupled with separate greenhouse-gas regulations that the administration is developing for automobiles,
greenhouse-gas emissions by 20, %formally qualifying it as a'renewable fuel'for a federal mandate that requires the use of 136 billion litres of biofuels in 2022.
Or what if the very possibility of using geoengineering to mitigate climate change gives political leaders cover to say that greenhouse gases aren't a problem?
Nature Newscreating and strengthening protected areas and indigenous lands is one of the most effective ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation, according to a new paper.
more than one-third the world's annual greenhouse gas emissions in carbon dioxide equivalent3. In Brazil, indigenous lands are particularly important,
By studying thousands of plants in a single greenhouse, scientists can conduct experiments in a fraction of the time
and reductions in poverty. go. nature. com/jr2rlc Number crunch 4%The proportion of global anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions emitted by dairy cows,
Last week, the administration also finalized its greenhouse-gas standards for vehicles and announced that greenhouse-gas permits would be required for major industrial sources by January.
Marine protection: The british government has announced that it will create a huge marine reserve around the Chagos islands, an archipelago of more than 50 islands in The british Indian ocean Territory.
Greenhouse-gas emissions from around 11,000 factories and power plants under the 27-nation European union (EU) trading scheme fell by 11%in 2009, according to preliminary,
A day later, the Environmental protection agency turned up the pressure on Congress by releasing a rule clarifying how greenhouse-gas emission restrictions would be phased in for major industrial polluters beginning next year
Greenhouse-gas numbers up in the air: Nature Newsthe state of California is about to become a giant playground for more than 200 atmospheric scientists.
measuring an array of greenhouse gases, aerosols and other atmospheric properties as they fly over cities, industrial facilities and agricultural areas.
and reduce nagging uncertainties in the state's two-year-old inventory of greenhouse-gas emissions.
Developed countries that are party to the United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to report inventories of their yearly greenhouse-gas emissions.
scientists and governments need to develop a reliable system for verifying greenhouse-gas emissions around the globe.
computer models and satellites to assess the origin and amount of greenhouse-gas emissions. She sees the California programme as a model
calling for more detailed inventories from industrialized countries and an expansion and improvement of greenhouse-gas monitoring networks everywhere.
The NRC estimated that it would cost just US$11 million over five years to improve greenhouse-gas reporting systems among the 10 largest developing countries,
which account for more than half of the global greenhouse gases pumped into the atmosphere annually, and are the easiest to quantify.
and when greenhouse gases were emitted. CDIAC estimated global carbon dioxide emissions at 30.2 billion tonnes in 2006, not including changes in land use.
The NRC report gave uncertainties ranging from below 25%to more than 100%for reported emissions of other greenhouse gases,
NOAA currently heads a network of some 150 greenhouse-gas monitoring stations around the world,
Many see satellite measurements as a more reliable way to verify greenhouse-gas emissions. Everybody can look at the emissions of others in a very transparent way,
The European commission and The netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency have teamed up to create an independent inventory for these lesser greenhouse gases.
Levin's work suggests that SF6 emissions by industrialized countries could be twice as high as those reported to the UNFCCC (see'Keeping tabs on a greenhouse gas'.
drive up greenhouse-gas emissions and wreak havoc on biodiversity. The study's results suggest that further agricultural intensification will play a critical part in addressing global warming.
the results show that increased greenhouse-gas emissions resulting from intensive farming are more than offset by the effects of land preservation,
After all, the fertilizers used in intensive farming increase emissions of greenhouse gases. All told, agriculture was responsible for 10-12%of global anthropogenic emissions in 2005.
and to calculate the resulting reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions. Between 1961 and 2005, the global population increased by 111%,from 3. 1 billion to 6. 5 billion,
the effects in terms of agricultural-land conversion and greenhouse-gas emissions were roughly half those of the first scenario
but were still higher than actual impacts in the real-world analysis (see'Greenhouse-gas emissions').
At a climate conference in Oslo on 27 may, some 50 countries agreed to a loose framework for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions caused by deforestation.
the report aims to highlight the effects of stabilizing greenhouse gases at a chosen target level.
and sea level rise of different greenhouse-gas emissions scenarios. It also concludes that once the global average temperature warms beyond a certain point,
Not emitting greenhouse gases in the first place is the most effective way to reduce climate change.
Mystery RNA spawns gene-activating peptides: Nature Newssome so-called'non-coding'pieces of RNA may actually encode short proteins that regulate genes,
For perspective, the Union of Concerned Scientists, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, estimates the corresponding reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions at 1 gigatonne
and used for commercial pollination in tomato greenhouses. Honeybees tend to perform poorly in tomato pollination.
Money will be raised by selling 300 million carbon credits from the European union's emissions trading scheme for greenhouse gases;
Ozone treaty could be used for greenhouse gases: Nature Newsinternational negotiators might be bogged down in the ongoing United nations climate talks,
but there could yet be hope for an agreement on reducing emissions of a class of powerful greenhouse gases  using the same treaty that is responsible for the phasing out of gases responsible for destroying the ozone layer.
however, including small-island nations that want rapid greenhouse-gas reductions as well as industrial giants such as the United states and Europe.
By comparison, greenhouse gas emissions by the United states in 2007 totalled 6. 1 billion tonnes.
700 times more potent than CO2 as a greenhouse gas, and as such it fetches a high price on the carbon market.
Meanwhile, the executive board of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) the emissions-trading scheme to meet the greenhouse-gas reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol in August put a hold on issuing carbon credits
Delaware, and Honeywell of Morristown, New jersey, in response to a 2006 European union law requiring car makers to reduce the greenhouse-gas potential of their refrigerants,
the chemical (dubbed HFO-1234yf) is 360 times less potent as a greenhouse gas than the current refrigerant, HFC-134a,
with no legally binding commitments for countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Following Copenhagen, the U s. Senate was unable to pass even a modest cap
that human-generated greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, are in large part to blame, or that the plausible worst-case scenario could be catastrophic.
Canc ae'Â n climate deal United nations climate talks in Canc ae'Â n, Mexico, ended with an agreement by developed and developing countries to reduce greenhouse
Hall (pictured) has made it clear that he will take a hard line against attempts to regulate greenhouse gases.
Working into the small hours of 11 Â December, negotiators agreed that both developed and developing countries will act to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions
The other major dispute in Canc  n was between the world's two largest greenhouse-gas emitters the United states and China.
the only international agreement with legally binding targets to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. No solution was forthcoming at the beginning of this week.
Policy Emissions control The US Environmental protection agency's first controls on greenhouse-gas emissions came into effect on 2 january.
Its authority to regulate greenhouse-gas pollution (under the Clean Air Act) is being challenged by opposition in Congress and by litigation.
protecting wetlands may not make a huge difference to anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Oceanographer Christoph Heinze at the University of Bergen, Norway, points out that the carbon sequestration abilities of wetland plants are
The report emphasizes that local communities'knowledge about managing forests should be taken into account in top-down efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions from deforestation.
and Ruddiman, of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, argues that it is no coincidence the clearing of land and expansion of irrigation released huge amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
specifically caused greenhouse warming are misguided. Why? It is important to look at all the different things that could cause a decline,
trying to figure out exactly how much of any one particular decline is due to greenhouse gases is not necessarily helpful,
the harder it is to link single events to greenhouse-gas-driven global climate change.
To say whether the extreme dryness was caused by rising greenhouse gases requires looking at the region as a whole and asking
whether or by how much such events are more likely under a greenhouse-gas-driven global climate.
we just can't know exactly how much of a local change is due to greenhouse warming.
you will have a harder time making the greenhouse-gas link and you probably just shouldn't try.
to pin down how greenhouse warming affects the likelihood of specific weather-related events, such as heatwaves, heavy rain and floods?
And a quarter to a third of global greenhouse-gas emissions are the result of land-use change in forests,
Between 70%and 80%of agricultural greenhouse-gas emissions, such as nitrous oxide, come from the production and use of nitrogen fertilizers.
and his colleagues are researching other methods of mitigating greenhouse-gas emissions from agriculture. We are looking at ways of controlling the loss of nitrogen from the soil
Britain extended existing pledges to limit greenhouse-gas emissions beyond 2020. It plans to cut emissions to 50%below 1990 levels between 2023 and 2027.
and that emissions of methane 墉 a precursor to ozone and itself a powerful greenhouse gas 墉 could be cut from agricultural waste
and other parties to force utility companies to reduce their greenhouse-gas emissions on the grounds that the emissions are a public nuisance.
The judgment, on 20 june, rules out the use of such lawsuits at the federal level to limit greenhouse gases.
Deforestation causes some 15%of global greenhouse-gas emissions and 75%of Brazil's. Rousseff's predecessor, Luis In ¡
Montreal impasse Although 108 countries now support a movement to amend the Montreal Protocol to regulate hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS) as greenhouse gases,
As potent greenhouse gases, their regulation falls under the United nations climate framework, but many argue that they would be phased out faster
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