The bones the archaeologists found in the galleries indicate they consumed lots of goat and sheep as well as oily bony catfish said Richard Redding chief research officer at Ancient Egypt Research Associates in another symposium presentation.
The troops didn't get as much cattle or Nile perch which were considered the more desirable forms of meat and fish.
Redding is also a research scientist at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan.
or lean-to's but we did find old cattle bone strips of cloth rope and string of all gauges fragments of wood including part of a hammer and other material of the workers.
and found that they'd heard from farmers in other areas that horses were to mix livestock metaphors veritable cash-cows.
Horses are banned from grazing in cattle areas so farmers would set them free in the Wolong preserve
Livestock affect most of the world's biodiversity hotspots Jianguo Jack Liu a human-environment scientist at Michigan State said in a statement.
#Polar bear Caught on Camera with Eerie Musk ox Horn (Photo) In the blue light of the Russian Arctic scientists captured a rare photo of a polar bear approaching a musk ox carcass Thursday (March 27.
Berger is currently on Wrangel Island with a team of Russian scientists as part of an expedition to study how musk oxen living in this remote refuge compare with those in the warming Alaskan Arctic Scott Smith a spokesman for the WCS told Live
Musk oxen today are only native to Canada and Greenland but they were once more widespread across the Arctic.
Twenty musk oxen were introduced to Wrangel Island in 1975. Today their population has stabilized at around 900 individuals according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration's 2013 Arctic Report card.
Conservationists have established also populations of musk oxen in Alaska where the species disappeared by the 1890s.
Now more than 4200 musk oxen live in five different Alaskan regions though not all of those populations are growing NOAA officials say.
In a new study scientists transplanted hearts from genetically engineered pigs into baboons whose immune systems had been suppressed to prevent them from rejecting the transplants.
and his colleagues used hearts from pigs that had been engineered genetically to remove genes known to cause tissue rejection in humans
Pigs were chosen because their anatomy is similar to humans 'and they mature very quickly. The researchers implanted hearts from these pigs into the abdomens of baboons without replacing the monkeys'original hearts but still connecting the pig hearts to the baboons'circulatory system.
The transplanted hearts survived in the baboons for more than 500 days with the baboons taking immunosuppressive drugs the researchers reported.
The next step will be to perform transplants that replace the baboons'hearts with the genetically engineered pig hearts.
Ancient Civilization Made Rapid Switch Bones unearthed from an ancient mound in Turkey suggest that humans there shifted their diet from hunting to herding over just a few centuries findings that shed light on the dawn of agriculture scientists say.
To discover more about the initial conditions underlying the evolution of villages an international team of scientists investigated the site of AÅ Ä klä HÃ yã k the earliest known Neolithic mound in Cappadocia in central Turkey.
This included diverse small animals such as hares fish turtles hedgehogs and partridges as well as larger prey such as deer boars horse goats sheep extinct wild
oxen known as aurochs and the onager also known as the Asian wild ass. However by 8200 B c. the meat in the diet shifted overwhelmingly to sheep and goats.
These animals once made up less than half of all skeletal remains at the site but gradually increased to 85 to 90 percent of these bones with sheep bones outnumbering goat remains by a factor of three or more.
Young male sheep and goats were killed selectively probably for their meat leaving females and some males to breed more livestock.
Moreover analysis of dung in the mound revealed that plant-eating animals were held captive inside the settlement probably in between buildings.
Did they suffer diseases that came from the livestock? How did the people reorganize their labor to make sure the animals were fed?
#European Bison to Be released into Wild Bison went extinct in Europe nearly 100 years ago
Seven female bison raised in captivity in The british Isles will be reintroduced to a forest in Romania officials with the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) announced.
One of the bison a female named Glen Rosa born in July 2012 was raised at Scotland's Highland Wildlife Park
The World's Biggest Beasts Glen Rosa and the other bison will join an already established herd in Vanatori Neamt Nature Park Romania to help augment both numbers
European Bison bison bonasus) are the largest herbivores in Europe. The animals went extinct in the wild in 1927
The first captive-bred bison was released into its natural habitat in 1952. Because of continued conservation and reintroduction efforts the total wild population reached over 3000 by 2012.
Bison had a similar trajectory in the United states. Tens of millions of the animals once roamed the Great plains
Thanks to early conservation efforts bison made a comeback. Today there are estimated to be hundreds of thousands of the animals across the nation.
Normally Dixon s sheep would subsist on the flora of the sandy desert floor but this winter was
and grain to keep the sheep fed#Dixon said looking at the land around her trailer.
This is a bad bad area for livestock.##Dixon s northwest New mexico homestead has neither electricity nor running water.
She and her sheep breathe the coal dust blowing in the warm dry air across the desiccated late-winter landscape where the brush of the desert floor appeared as lifeless as the dirt underfoot.
Navajo people raising livestock in one of the poorest regions of the U s. during the Southwest s 20-year drought have to shell out more and more money to keep their traditions of living close to the land alive.#
and that land is becoming less viable for grazing livestock because of heat lack of rain and expanding sand dunes.
and arroyos and the rangeland among the canyons mesas and volcanic hills could support large herds of livestock a mainstay of the Navajo economy.
We re down to 15 sheep. No cattle. Two horses. That s our kids future.#
#He said he has been writing to both the Navajo and Hopi tribal governments asking for access to irrigation water and if it doesn t come through Yazzie said he
or income from jobs many have to raise livestock as a way to supplement their income.
Livestock also allow families to occupy land on the reservation and the sheep they raise are important for ceremonies according to Margaret Hiza Redsteer lead author of the National Climate Assessment technical report's chapter on tribal vulnerability to climate change
and a U s. Geological Survey staff scientist who studies climate change on the Navajo Nation.#
That devastation comes in the form of lost livelihoods based on livestock raising and ranching as 99 percent of the streams of the Navajo Nation that flows all year during the early 20th century have dried up no longer running all year.
because they rely on favorable weather conditions to grow crops and raise livestock.##But memories can only go so far to fill in data gaps
or the inability of the land to support livestock Redsteer said. In an area where poverty is rampant
#oei don t know a single young Navajo person today who s thinking about having their own sheep herd#Redsteer said.
#Rains Spurred by Climate Change Killing Penguin Chicks Penguin-chick mortality rates have increased in recent years off the coast of Argentina a trend scientists attribute to climate change
and the health of the chicks once they hatched in late November or early December.
and predation were the most common and consistent chick killers over the years but that hypothermia was the leading cause of death during years with heavy rainstorms
Facing extremes Young chicks between 9 and 23 days old were particularly vulnerable to hypothermia as they were too young to have fully grown their waterproof plumage
If chicks don't have waterproof plumage they are going to die as soon as they end up in the water.
Extreme heat another component of climate change expected to worsen throughout the century also challenged chicks'temperature-regulation systems
David Ainley a senior wildlife ecologist at ecological consulting firm H. T. Harvey & Associates who studies Antarctic penguin colonies says that aside from giving Magellanic chicks the chills rain can also damage the burrows
Climate-change connection The team noted that not all rainstorms killed the chicks. Of the 233 storms that occurred over the course of the study period only 16 resulted in chick deaths.
Still the researchers pointed out that the types of heavy storms that did result in mortalities are projected to become more frequent with some climate models predicting an increase in extreme precipitation in the Southern hemisphere summer by 40 to 70 percent between 2076 and 2100 compared with that seen between 1951 and 1976.
This means that meat from cows is kosher while that of camels rabbits and pigs is not.
Sea animals: Kosher sea dwellers must be equipped with fins and scales. So while salmon and tuna are fit for consumption lobsters clams
Permitted birds include chicken geese ducks and turkeys. Even foods that are allowed must be prepared in a particular way to be considered kosher.
However farmers perceived the brown hyaena to be a livestock killer. This misconception has lead to the indiscriminate and unjustified persecution of the species. The scavenging brown hyaenas provide an ecosystem service by cleaning up the carcasses as they eat everything including the skin and bones.
These two reserves contain the Big five#African lion African elephant Cape buffalo African leopard and White or Black rhinoceros and are viewed as a safe haven for brown hyaena.
Surrounding these two protected areas is unprotected farmland where a mixture of game livestock and agricultural farming take place
and given the opportunity will hunt domestic animals such as sheep pigs horses and other livestock.
and Eastern United states by farmers and ranchers who didn't like the puma stealing their livestock. As a result pumas almost became extinct in those areas.
which comes from sources as varied as fracking and cow farts. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) monitors many potent greenhouse gases such as methane carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at observatories around the world.
and more than 850 in neck snares including mountain lions river otters pronghorn antelope deer badgers beavers turtles turkeys ravens ducks geese great blue herons and even a golden eagle.
Even though I was experienced an professional trapper my trap victims included non-target species such as bald eagles and golden eagles a variety of hawks and other birds rabbits sage grouse pet dogs deer
antelope porcupines sheep and calves...My trapping records show that for each target animal I trapped about 2 unwanted individuals were caught.
or have preyed on livestock versus those that have not and may never). Instead this type of aerial gunning as it is called has a single goal:
or in the words of one agency official to clear swaths of land of predators before livestock arrive to graze.
thus potentially increasing the risk of livestock predation (because most depredating coyotes are adults trying to feed pups).
But much of the trapping poisoning and aerial gunning is done to benefit livestock and hunting interests.
and effective nonlethal alternatives are available to protect livestock there is simply no place left for outdated brutal and indiscriminate traditions of lethal control.
or ox#s the animals were driven away the victim's body was ripped slowly into four quarters.
Brazen Bull: For sheer inventiveness the brazen bull (sometimes referred to as the bronze bull) stands apart:
A large bull was cast from bronze with a hollow interior and a door in its side was placed in a public square.
The unlucky criminal was forced inside the bull and with the door locked a fire was lit beneath the bronze bull.
Pipes inside the bull's neck and head converted the criminal's screams into sounds like the bellowing of a bull.
Eventually of course the prisoner burned to death. The infamous device was used apparently by Phalaris ruler of Sicily with abandon during his reign (c. 570 to 554 B c)
..When Phalaris was met overthrown he his end inside the same brazen bull that came to symbolize his tyranny.
#Human Muscle Rebuilt with Pig Bladder Tissue An experimental treatment using a pig bladder could help people who have lost a substantial portion of a muscle researchers say.
The treatment involved a pig bladder that had been stripped of its cells leaving only a scaffold made of tough proteins.
In the study the protein scaffold that holds the cells of a pig bladder in place worked by attracting stem cells to the site the injury
When the researchers placed a piece of the pig bladder scaffold on wounded mice the animals'muscle grew back
Where Cows and Capybara Roam (Op-Ed) Julie Kunen is executive director for WCS's Latin america and Caribbean Program.
But what if I told you that there is a place in Brazil where cattle graze on native grasses seasonally replenished by an annual flooding cycle where ranches are dotted with lakes full of fish where rivers support giant river otters
In the course of a single day and night I saw hyacinth and blue-and-yellow macaws brocket deer white-lipped peccary rhea jabiru stork roseate spoonbill wood stork the greater potoo capybara tapir
Researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society have documented use of the corridors by white-lipped peccaries an important indicator species that reveals much about the health of the ecosystem.
I call these corridors the great peccary highways. Sadly this traditional way of life is under threat from two principal trends.
and increases the chance of conflict between people their cows and predators with fewer and fewer prey options.
Empowering Communities Can Help (Op-Ed) Andrew Steer is the president and CEO of the World Resources Institute a global research organization that works in more than 50 countries.
and veterinary medicines given to livestock subsequently consumed by the obligate scavengers have reduced dramatically vulture populations in Asia
To start male lactation has been observed in a few domesticated animals including cats goats and guinea pigs on rare occasions.
The outbreak began with Ebola cases that surfaced in Guinea and subsequently spread to the neighboring countries of Liberia and Sierra leone.
But despite the image of Ebola as a virus that mysteriously and randomly emerges from the forest the sites of the cases are far from random said Daniel Bausch a tropical medicine researcher at Tulane University who just returned from Guinea
Experts were surprised to see that instead of the Taã Forest Ebola virus which is found near Guinea it was the Zaire Ebola virus that is the culprit in the current outbreak.
But how did the Zaire Ebola virus get to Guinea? Few people travel between those two regions
If Ebola virus was introduced into Guinea from afar the more likely traveler was a bat he said.
Guinea is not the only place bats migrate to but it is one of the poorest countries in the world ranking 178 out of 187 countries on the United nations'Human Development Index.
Even if the Ebola virus had been circulating in Guinea for some time animals carrying the virus or other pathogens are not usually in the vicinity of humans
The first case of Ebola was identified in Guinea in December 2013 at the beginning of the dry season. In other countries too outbreaks often begin during the transition from the rainy to dry seasons
More in depth analysis is needed to better understand the weather conditions this year in Guinea but inhabitants in the region do indeed anecdotally report an exceptionally arid and prolonged dry season Bausch said.
Facts About Male Bighorn sheep Rams are male bighorn sheep animals that live in the mountains and often settle arguments with fights that include ramming their heads into others.
Not to be confused with mountain goats rams can be identified by their long curved horns; long fur;
Some of the ram's relatives are goats bison buffalo antelopes and cattle according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information system (ITIS.
Rocky mountain bighorn rams have massive horns that weigh more than all of the bones in their bodies. A set of horns can weigh 30 lbs.
Bighorn sheep live in the Rocky mountain region of North america ranging from Mexico northward across the western United states and into Canada.
which are rough on the bottom to give the sheep more traction. Thanks to their amazing balance bighorn sheep can stand on ledges that are only 2 inches (5 centimeters) wide.
They can also jump 20 feet (6 m) and can go up a mountain at a brisk 15 mph (24 km h).
) The only better mountain climbers in the animal world are mountain goats. Desert bighorn sheep a subspecies live in Death valley California as well as Nevada Texas and northern Mexico.
They can live on desert mountains as high as 4000 feet (1200 m). They get most of their water from eating plants to survive according to the Natural history Museum of Los angeles. Rams are herbivores.
Female bighorns are pregnant for about 175 days or about 25 weeks. They usually have only one lamb at a time.
The taxonomy of bighorn sheep according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information system (ITIS) is: Bighorn sheep are endangered not according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
It is estimated that there are 15500 to 15700 bighorn sheep in Canada and more than 42000 in the United states. It is believed that there could be several thousand bighorns in Mexico.
Almost all bighorn populations are increasing or stable. ITIS lists one subspecies Ovis canadensis auduboni the Badlands bighorn as extinct.
Nina Sen contributed to this article h
#Innovative Entertainment Model Designed to Get Kids Outside This Behind the Scenes article was provided to Live Science in partnership with the National Science Foundation.
A second grader is about to start learning environmental science along with a cute purple alien named Plum and Plum s friends.
He goes online to a site where he can easily find these animated characters in webisodes#and games.
#Buffalo Facts Water buffalo & Cape buffalo Buffalo are large members of the Bovidae family. There are two types of buffalo:
the African or Cape buffalo and the Asian water buffalo. They are dark gray or black animals that look a lot like bulls.
Buffalo are confused often with bison. Early American settlers called bison buffalo because the animals are similar in appearance.
However while bison are also bovines (a subfamily of bovids) they are in a different genus from true buffalo.
Other bovines include domestic cattle oxen yaks four-horned antelopes bongos and kudus according to the Integrated Taxonomic Information system (ITIS.
The water buffalo is the largest bovine. It is 8 to 9 feet (2. 4 to 2. 7 meters) from head to rump with its tail adding an extra 2 to 3. 3 feet (60 to 100 centimeters.
They weigh a massive 1500 to 2650 lbs. 700 to 1200 kilograms. The African buffalo is smaller
but they are still quite impressive in size. They are 4. 26 to 4. 92 feet long (130 to 150 cm) from head to hoof
Water buffalo live in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia. They are named aptly for they spend most of their time in water.
and herbs but water buffalo will also eat aquatic plants. Both African and Asian buffalo will eat shrubs
which are called calves. Usually they have one calf at a time and the female will carry the calf for a gestation period of 9 to 11 months before giving birth.
Once the calf is born a water buffalo will stay with its mother for around three years.
Then male calves will be moved to the all-male herd while the female calves stay with the female herd.
Females become pregnant every other year. Water buffalo tend to live around 25 years according to the University of Michigan
while African buffalo live around 26 years. The taxonomy of buffalo according to ITIS is: Water buffalo were domesticated more than 5000 years ago.
Humans use the meat milk horns and leather. Buffalo are used also for transportation and to pull plows.
Wild water buffalo are endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. They have a population of less than 4000 though it is uncertain
what the exact numbers are. The African buffalo is endangered not and has a population of 900000 according to the African Wildlife Foundation.
Male water buffalo have horns that curve backward. These horns can grow to 5 feet (1. 5 meters) long.
Females also have horns but they are much smaller. African buffalo have a democracy. When they are ready to travel they will stand
a second wave may spread into neighbouring countries such as Guinea and Sierra leone. Worms have already been seen in six towns in Guinea
and moths have been spotted in some regions of Liberia, Tucker says. The caterpillars can be sprayed with pesticides
Goodbye Galapagos goats: Nature Newslike many remote islands, the Galapagos islands that fired Charles darwin's imagination are both a hotbed of biodiversity
All 80,000 or so goats (Capra hircus) on the 58,500-hectare Santiago Island have been eradicated in just 52 months.
Goats were introduced successfully to Santiago Island, which sits in the middle of the Galapagos archipelago, over the 1920s and 1940s.
The goats grazed the island mercilessly causing erosion, threatening the survival of rare plants and trees and competing with native fauna, such as giant tortoises.
After having eradicated pigs from the island, Filipe Cruz from the Galapagos National park service in Ecuador and his colleagues turned their attention to goats.
From 2001 to 2005, the researchers hired large teams of local residents to cull the goats.
The goats were herded first into corrals by people on horseback wielding air horns and firing rifles.
The captured goats were killed then humanely. Other goats were hunted on foot, with the help of dogs or by a large group hunting together in a line,
combing the island. But the goats proved difficult to eradicate. In 2004, the teams used helicopters to help them spot
and kill the animals. And finally, between 2004 and 2005, the teams used'Judas'goats and'Mata hari'goats.
The Judas goats were goats that had been captured from nearby islands and then released with radio collars to lead hunters to the last few goats.'
'Mata hari'goats sterilized female Judas goats in chemically induced oestrous helped to lure out otherwise wary male goats.
An account of the eradication is published in the Journal of Wildlife Management1. The island has been monitored
since 2005 and now seems to be goat free. The eradication effort cost a total of US$6. 1 million dollars,
but more than one-third of that was spent on eradicating the last 1, 000 goats and monitoring to make sure the job was done.
It is very easy and cost-effective to remove the first 90%of the goats;
it is very hard and expensive to get the last 10, %says Josh Donlan of Cornell University in Ithaca, New york,
and an author of the paper. But, he adds that in the case of islands, In the long run,
since the neighbouring Isabela Island of goats, Donlan says, which at a whopping 459,000 hectares is even larger than Santiago Island.
As the goats disappeared the plant life on Santiago bounced back, including some invasive plants such as blackberry (Rubus niveus).
Nature Newswhen the Ebola Reston virus was discovered in pigs in the Philippines last year, it marked the virus's first known foray outside primates,
By contrast, the appearance of the virus in an important livestock species was unexpected and worrying, says Pierre Rollin, an Ebola expert at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia,
We never thought that pigs could be infected, he says. Once inside the pig it may be possible for the virus to mutate into a version that is deadly to humans
and there is no evidence of symptoms in pig handlers, who will soon be tested to find out
if they have developed antibodies to the virus. The investigation into the Ebola Reston infections began after farmers in the Philippines reported high mortality rates in their pigs in 2008.
samples from 28 dead pigs were sent to the Plum Island Animal disease Center in New york, where researchers found evidence of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, also known as blue-ear pig disease,
so the pig samples were rushed to the CDC labs in Atlanta for further analysis . Despite the presence of other diseases in the samples including swine fever,
and the porcine circovirus type II Rollin thinks that Ebola Reston is to blame for the pigs'deaths
because histological samples showed that the virus had pervaded the spleen, similar to its mode of attack in monkeys.
The infected pigs came from several farms on the island of Luzon, and on 13 january, health officials collected blood and tissue samples from hundreds of apparently healthy pigs there.
Although Rollin does not expect to find the virus itself in these samples, the pigs may carry antibodies that should indicate an approximate mortality rate associated with exposure.
Rollin suspects that, as is the case with monkeys, the infections resulted from contact with a reservoir of the virus,
The virus is likely to be spread by bat droppings falling into the pigs'feed,
and the threat of infection could be reduced by moving fruit trees, where the bats roost, away from pig farms,
or by putting roofs on pig enclosures. We can't exterminate it, we just have to learn how to avoid it,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011