#Cosmic roadmap to galactic magnetic field revealedscientists on NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission including a team leader from the University of New hampshire report that recent independent measurements have validated one of the mission
Using measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays on a global scale we now have a completely different means of verifying that the field directions we derived from IBEX are consistent says Nathan Schwadron lead scientist for the IBEX Science
Schwadron and IBEX colleagues published their findings online today in Science. Establishing a consistent local interstellar magnetic field direction using IBEX low-energy neutral atoms
and galactic cosmic rays at ten orders of magnitude higher energy levels has wide-ranging implications for the structure of our heliosphere
and are at the opposite end of the energy range compared to IBEX's measurements says Schwadron.
what IBEX has revealed gives us vastly more confidence that what we're learning is correct.
Notes David Mccomas principal investigator of the IBEX mission at Southwest Research Institute and coauthor on the Science Express paper We are discovering how the interstellar magnetic field shapes deforms
Interestingly when scientists compared the IBEX and cosmic ray data with Voyager 1's measurements the Voyager 1 data provide a different direction for the magnetic fields just outside our heliosphere.
and place while IBEX gathers information averaged over great distances--so there is room for discrepancy.
Eberhard MÃ bius UNH principal scientist for the IBEX-Lo instrument on board is a coauthor on the Science paper along with colleagues from institutions around the country.
and Ireland as soon as cattle and sheep arrived. The ability to milk animals was a revolution in food production as for the first time humans did not have to kill animals to obtain food.
The use of cattle for dairy products from the earliest Neolithic confirms the view that farming was introduced by experienced immigrants.
#Genetic find might lead to cattle that are more resistant to TBSCIENTISTS have identified genetic traits in cattle that might allow farmers to breed livestock with increased resistance to bovine tuberculosis (TB.
The study which compared the genetic code of TB-infected animals with that of disease-free cattle could help to impact on a disease that leads to major economic losses worldwide.
The research led by the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute has identified a number of genetic signatures associated with TB resistance in the cows that remained unaffected.
The study builds on previous research by The Roslin Institute which showed that some cattle might be more resistant to bovine TB as a result of their genetic make-up.
Bovine TB caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium bovis not only infects cattle but other livestock and wildlife.
Differences between cattle in their genes is not the only factor in determining whether the animal will get bovine TB or not;
It is hoped that can help us to more effectively control TB in cattle. Story Source:
which can cause detrimental effects on local sheep and goats via the water supply. Kansas State university's Ronette Gehring is an associate professor of clinical pharmacology in the of anatomy and physiology department of the university's College of Veterinary medicine.
and the United states in evaluating the effect of chronic lead intoxication in goats. In December 2013 the researchers published Effect of chronic lead intoxication on the distribution and elimination of amoxicillin in goats in the Journal of Veterinary Science.
Gehring teamed up with other veterinary researchers at Iowa State university Cairo University and the Jordan University of Science and Technology for the project
The group found that lead intoxication can impair the therapeutic effectiveness of the antibiotic amoxicillin in goats.
The goats with lead intoxication show signs of kidney and liver damage so we had hypothesized this damage would inhibit the excretion of amoxicillin leading to higher drug concentrations in these animals.
Surprisingly the lead-intoxicated goats actually had lower concentrations of amoxicillin compared to the healthy animals.
We found that amoxicillin was disposed more quickly in the lead-intoxicated goats than in the control group Gehring said.
We believe that goats with chronic lead intoxication would therefore need more frequent administrations of amoxicillin administration for the antibiotic therapy to be as effective as it is in the control group of healthy goats.
Gehring said a literature investigation had found similar research for lead poisoning in humans but not in animal subjects.
harmonized tradeidf and ISO have joined forces to expand the scope of an international standard used worldwide in the dairy industry to measure the protein content of cow's milk.
This combined with the fact that international collaborative studies of the method had been conducted for liquid bovine whole milk only thus far illustrated the need to validate the method for products other than bovine whole milk.
In addition to liquid bovine whole milk the method can now be applied to bovine milk with reduced fat content goat whole milk sheep whole milk cheese dried milk
and human health They live in the digestive systems of cattle and sheep where they facilitate the digestion of feed consumed in the diet.
'foregut fermenters'such as cows goats and sheep and'hindgut fermenters'such as horses elephants and zebras.
The sources included Nijmegen goats French deer sheep from Poland and Utrecht an Indian elephant from Burger's Zoo in Arnhem and zebras and an African elephant from Tanzania.
Problem ingredients include lactose (often extracted using bovine rennet) gelatine (sourced from cows pigs and occasionally fish) and magnesium stearate (traditionally sourced from cows pigs and sheep) although some manufacturers now use vegetarian alternatives.
Last year a campaign to vaccinate children in Scotland against influenza was halted because of concern in the Muslim community about pork gelatine within the vaccine.
#Sequence of water buffalo completedlal Teer Livestock Limited an associate of Lalteer Seed Ltd. the largest seed company in Bangladesh with strong hybrid research program
and BGI the world's largest genomics organization jointly announced today that they have completed the genome sequencing of water buffalo
and the bioinformatics analysis. The outstanding work lays an important foundation for molecular breeding of water buffalo and sheds new light on the understanding of its origin and domestication process.
Considering the importance of buffalo and realizing the need of genomic research for its improvement Lal Teer Livestock took a great effort for The Whole Genome Sequencing of Water buffalo in collaboration with BGI since March 2012.
The joint efforts yielded a high-quality water buffalo genome with the size of about 2. 77gb slightly smaller than human genome.
Researchers compared buffalo genome with other mammals'such as cattle horse panda pig and dog for discovering more genetic characteristics of water buffalo and providing guidance for its breeding and industrial transformation.
We are pleased to form partnership with Lal Teer Livestock to decode this important animal said Professor Jian Wang President of BGI BGI is dedicated to using genomics technology to benefit human beings
With the joined forces with BGI we are excited to successfully complete the task of sequencing water buffalo. stated Mr. Tafsir Mohammed Awal Director of Lal Teer This will now lay the foundation of ensuring nutrition and food security in Bangladesh and other developing countries.
when it comes to Holstein dairy cows and how much milk they produce for their offspring according to a new study by Kansas State university and Harvard university researchers.
A study of 2. 39 million lactation records from 1. 49 million dairy cows showed that cows produce significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation said Barry Bradford associate professor in K-Stateâ
#In addition the researchers found that the sex of the fetus a cow is carrying can enhance
and protein in milk did not differ between cows that gestated a son or daughter so the quality of milk was the same.
and found it to be significant as well. â#Cows with two daughters back-to-back produced about 445 kilograms â
#or about 980 pounds â#more milk across the first two lactations than did cows with back-to-back sons he said.
and sex-selected semen is an option for producers to buy. â#oeaccording to our rough calculations taking into account the wholesale value of milk the number of two-year-old heifers added to U s. dairy herds annually the production advantage
But it hasnâ##t yet been studied systematically. â#â#oethis research in cows demonstrates that the fetus can influence the milk the mother produces during lactation
Historically it probably followed bison herds and liked really short grass but we don't have that anymore.
#Wolf predation of cattle affects calf weight in Montanaa recent study by University of Montana faculty
and graduate students found that wolf predation of cattle contributes to lower weight gain in calves on western Montana ranches.
This leads to an economic loss at sale several times higher than the direct reimbursement ranchers receive for a cow killed by wolves.
The study found that wolves living on the landscape with cattle have no effect on herd weight
but once a ranch has confirmed a wolf kill average calf weight decreases relative to if that ranch had experienced not a wolf depredation.
Ranchers have been saying for years that wolves cause weight loss in cattle but nobody ever had done any research on the topic said Derek Kellenberg a co-author on the study and UM associate professor and chair of the Department of economics.
The study quantifies the economic impact of weight loss after a confirmed wolf kill for an average ranch consisting of 264 head of calves.
It finds that a decrease of 22 pounds in the average weight of calves across the herd implies a $6679 loss at sale for an affected ranch.
When you compare that to the direct reimbursement of the cow that was killed--about $900 on average--these indirect costs are about seven
and climatological and environmental variables such as annual precipitation average temperature and snowfall explain a much larger proportion of variance in calf weight over the years than do wolf affects.
In fact these other factors explain the vast majority of the accounted-for variation in annual calf weights.
The study started as a senior thesis by then-undergraduate student Ramler collecting data from public cattle auction records.
Similar to the rumen of a cow--a digestive knack that has not been mastered by any other bird.
Beta-agonists, the environment and cattle feed intakegrowing cattle that are more efficient in converting feed to muscle is a main goal in the beef industry.
Many cattle producers feedlot operators and researchers strive to use genetics and modern feedlot technologies to continuously improve that efficiency.
Chris Reinhardt feedlot specialist for Kansas State university is one of those researchers seeking to find solutions to improve efficiency in cattle production.
Reinhardt has looked specifically at how beta-agonists a cattle feed supplement approved by the U s. Food
and Drug Administration and considered safe from a food safety perspective improve the cattle's natural ability to convert feed into more lean muscle.
They make cattle more efficient at converting grain to muscle. They also improve the efficiency of converting an animal carcass into sellable meat.
Zilmax formally known as zilpaterol hydrochloride is one of only two beta-agonists approved for cattle feeding on the market.
However Merck Animal health manufacturer of Zilmax voluntarily suspended sales of the product last September when major U s. meat packer Tyson announced it would stop buying cattle fed Zilmax due to an animal welfare concern
which questioned if the product affected the ambulatory ability or movement of cattle. There has been no direct link established between the use Zilmax
and impaired cattle mobility Reinhardt said. Cattle fatigue syndrome may be caused by many factors such as summer heat and exertion prior to harvest.
But studying the reasons behind stiff-muscled and tired cattle and if beta-agonists play a role isn't the only angle of research being examined.
Reinhardt has been looking more closely to see if beta-agonists particularly Zilmax affect cattle feed intake.
Over the past few years on certain occasions feedlots have seen where Zilmax was started in the feed
and cattle would fall off on intake Reinhardt said. Sometimes the intake would come back to normal
and studied some of the differences in feed intake in 1100 pens of cattle. He looked at the dry matter intake prior to and through the end of the cattle-feeding period.
He compared this to the time when Zilmax was brought into the feed rations the sex
and weight of the cattle and the location of the feedlot to try to filter out any common factors
when the cattle did did or not lose feed intake. The data analysis uncovered two main findings.
Second cattle that were consuming more feed prior to the initiation of Zilmax had a much higher likelihood of losing intake
and season particularly heat plays a factor in cattle's response to beta-agonists. Surprisingly the winter months showed more of a drop-off on intake overall compared to spring
On the issue surrounding big-eating cattle falling off more on intake once Zilmax was initiated Reinhardt said it could be
because the cattle that are feed eating more are also eating more of the drug. Really we don't know the economic impact from these intake losses Reinhardt said.
We do know that some pens of cattle were more subject to loss of intake than other groups.
Advice for feedlot operatorsreinhardt said it will take more research to make specific recommendations on using beta-agonists to cattle feeders
but this initial research is one step closer to understanding how environmental factors combined with the use of beta-agonists might affect cattle feeding.
More research needs to be done to further understand how all beta-agonists on the market work in cattle feeding Knowledge is power and
Beta-agonists, the environment and cattle fatiguein agricultural production maintaining a level of excellence that includes environmental sustainability animal welfare
and rightfully so might hold beef to an even higher standard of excellence said Dan Thomson Kansas State university veterinarian professor and director of the Beef cattle Institute.
The use of beta-agonists in cattle feeding is among the modern feedlot technologies making waves in the beef industry.
K-State researchers including Thomson are among the many researchers who are examining how beta-agonists affect cattle performance
and how the feed supplement might cause cattle particularly in the summer months to be slow-moving and stiff-muscled once they arrive at packing facilities.
Are we using low-stress cattle handling techniques? How far away from the load out facility are the fat cattle being moved?
Are we shipping them during the afternoon in the heat of the day or are we shipping them at 2 a m.?
History of beta-agonist usefeedlots have used beta-agonists a cattle feed supplement approved by the U s. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) and considered safe from a food safety perspective to improve the cattle's natural ability to convert feed into more lean muscle.
Zilmax formally known as zilpaterol hydrocholoride is one of only two beta-agonists approved for cattle feeding on the market.
However Merck Animal health manufacturer of Zilmax voluntarily suspended sales of the product last September when major U s. meat packer Tyson announced it would stop buying cattle fed Zilmax due to an animal welfare concern
which questioned if the product affected the ambulatory ability or movement of cattle. Thomson said that
because the slow-moving cattle reports were more consistent during the summer months he has questioned how heat stress
what he calls cattle fatigue syndrome. This isn't a new phenomenon Thomson said. We've seen this in other species. The swine industry 15 to 20 years ago discovered pig fatigue syndrome.
Market hogs would arrive at the plant and they were stiff open-mouth breathing had blotchy skin muscle tremors
Regardless of beta-agonist use in feeding pigs Thomson said the swine industry went from having about a 250-lb. average out weight to a 300-lb. average out weight on market hogs.
So the hogs had more weight to carry around at the packing facility. To see if beta-agonists played a role in the movement concerns researchers did a series of tests on market hogs that were fed not beta-agonists They put some through a stressful situation prior to shipping them to slaughter
They were able to recreate the same syndrome that we're now seeing in some cattle Thomson said.
or not showed clinical signs of fatigue in these market hogs. Still the swine industry has
A closer look at cattle fatigue syndromethe beef industry has a really good start on understanding
what cattle fatigue syndrome is said Thomson but the reason more research must be done is that like the NANI pigs the syndrome has shown up in cattle that were fed a beta-agonist
and cattle that were fed not a beta-agonist. In our research when we've looked at cattle that are stressed not
and they're on one of the beta-agonists on the market we've not seen anything
but an increase in heart rate by about 10 beats per minute and no difference in lactate or CPK levels Thomson said.
when we have seen the issues with this fatigue cattle syndrome at packing facilities it's during the summer months
Moving forward Thomson said the industry needs to better-understand the clinical and physiological responses of beta-agonists in cattle
if dosages in cattle feeding rations might need to be altered and if there is a potential genetic component to it as well.
#The case for low methane-emitting cattlea new research project looks into the possibilities of adapting every aspect of cattle husbandry
The emission of methane from cattle is a surprisingly important factor. Methane from cows--a greenhouse gas 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide--makes up 20%of greenhouse emissions from agriculture or about 1%of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases.
That's according to Phil Garnsworthy professor of dairy science at the University of Nottingham in the UK.
He is also one of the project scientists of an EU-funded research project called Ruminomics which is using cutting-edge science to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cattle.
The key to the project Garnsworthy says is that cattle vary by a factor of two or three in the amount of methane their stomachs produce.
In addition different diets mean that cows can produce the same amount of milk with lower emissions.
It is possible to imagine cutting emissions from cattle by a fifth using a combination approach in which you would breed from lower-emitting cattle as well as changing their diets Garnsworthy said.
Different genetic strains of cow emit different amounts of methane. There are three issues: diet genetics and the microbiology of the cow's rumen.
We think that animal genetics may well influence their gut microbiology. However this link has not been proved
Until now the European cattle industry was interested mainly in improving aspects of livestock such as their fertility and their overall shape.
But Morelli thinks that the market will soon add lower methane production to the list of desired cattle characteristics.
So if we can find the right genetic mix we can find cattle that are less polluting more productive
Cows have a rumen as well a stomach he adds. As a result their digestive system is far more complex and hard to understand than ours he notes.
Over time it could improve practice with beef as well as milk herds and with other ruminants such as sheep deer and goats.
#Genetic testing to produce more offspringthe Fleckvieh is breed a of cattle that originated in the Alpine region.
In Germany there are approximately 1 million Fleckvieh dairy cows: Their genomes can be traced back to a small number of key ancestors explains Prof.
TUM researchers have discovered now that a mutation in the TMEM95 gene on cattle chromosome 19 makes bulls effectively infertile with a success rate for insemination of less than 2 percent.
if bulls inherit the mutation from both the male and female side i e. they are homozygous for the defective gene.
Routine genetic testing for all breeding bulls has been underway since August 2012. Findings of interest for human medicineas part of their study the researchers compared the genome of 40 subfertile animals with 8000 breeding bulls with normal fertility levels.
They discovered that the genetic defect can be traced back to one Fleckvieh animal born in 1966.
During their investigation of the sperm of infertile breeding bulls the TUM scientists collaborated with Prof.
Genetic analysis for healthier animalsscientists have been systematically studying the cattle genome since 2009. Unlike in humans a small number of loci explain a large proportion of characteristics.
This allows the genetic profile of breeding bulls to be mapped in detail --and individual weaknesses can be taken into account for breeding says Pausch.
Co-authors of the PLOS ONE research included Annette Angus and Christina Agapakis UCLA postdoctoral scholars in Hirsch's laboratory;
In the case of the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem this would be the migratory wildebeest herds
The data revealed that vultures focused on the immense wildebeest herds only during the dry season
when hundreds of wildebeest die each day from starvation or drowning during their dangerous river crossings.
when ranchers put pesticides on the carcasses of cows and other animals killed by lions or hyenas.
They theorize the pasture ecosystems rely on the diazotrophs more for nitrogen because of the continuous grazing from cattle requiring constant regrowth of grasses.
In China WCS focuses on mobilizing citizens from awareness to action on the poaching crisis. Our approach is to drive content primarily through social media that steers public conversation
#Important mutation discovered in dairy cattlescientists have found a genomic deletion that affects fertility and milk yield in dairy cattle at the same time.
The discovery can help explain a dilemma in dairy cattle breeding: the negative correlation between fertility and milk production.
For the past many years milk yield in Scandinavian dairy cattle has gone in one clear direction:
The presence and effects of this mutation have recently been discovered by scientists from Aarhus University University of Liã ge MTT Agrifood Research Finland in collaboration with the Danish Agricultural Advisory Service and the Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation.
Scientists farmers and advisors have assumed generally that the reduction in fertility is primarily due to the negative energy balance of high-producing cows at the peak of their lactation
This means that the calves die while they are still embryos and are aborted or reported as insemination failure.
and pass the genes on to their calf for the calf to be affected. The bulls carrying the deletion can be identified routinely in on-going genomic selection program
and by avoiding carrier-by-carrier matings a quantum jump in fertility could be achieved in Nordic red breeds adds Goutam Sahana.
and eat it tooto make matters worse this particular mutation has become rather common in Nordic Red cattle
Based on the frequency of the mutation in the population it is estimated that 2. 89 1. 32 and 0. 42%of embryos are dying in Finnish Ayshire Swedish Red and Danish Red cattle respectively due to this mutation.
Our study demonstrates that embryonic lethal mutations account for a non-negligible fraction of the decline in fertility of domestic cattle
The products are designed specially for people with allergies to cow's milk lactose or gluten intolerance as well as children and pregnant women.
The caseins of cow's milk as well as being on the list of allergens components hinder the absorption of iron.
They also have components of great nutritional value that can provide numerous health benefits for both consumer groups with specific problems (lactose intolerance allergic to cow's milk vegetarian...
what make these drinks good substitutes for cow's milk concludes Chelo Gonzã¡lez. Story Source:
Even if you don't intend to build a log cabin or butcher a hog, they offer fun casual reading,
and many have taken on the challenge of retrofitting energy hogs--to save money, to make cities more efficient,
and officials at Chicago O â¢Hare are currently contemplating the use of goats to cut down on weeds.
The Chicago Department of Aviation recently put out a bid calling for someone to supply goats to eat up some weeds surrounding O â¢Hare
high voltage underground transmission cable across the Antelope Valley from Edwards AFB to a nearby transmission line.
and other energy hogs used in commercial buildings with more efficient versions. Replace residential appliances such as refrigerators, washers,
which is grown locally, to the island's cattle. But they threw their pot ale (the leftover swill of dead yeast and water) into the ocean.
Farmers use similar digesters to produce electricity from cow manure. Back to the Scotch. Bruichladdich makes around 46,000 cases of single malt whisky annually.
deer and â on overseas U s. military bases â animals including goats and pigs. Strikes also happen at all altitudes;
IZIT Leather, a new breed of premium leather alternative, is an evolutionary step beyond calf skin that offers a lightweight product that is both economical and durable,
Poste offers Poste Roasts in the summer, during which outdoor rotisseries cook pigs, goats and lambs.
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