and bison and a fatty high-elevation insect called the army cutworm moth. Pine nuts in particular are linked to birth
and omega-3 fatty acids compared with milk from cows raised on conventionally managed dairy farms according to a new study.
Theâ healthier fatty acid profile  of organic milk is likely a result of cows foraging on grass the researchers said.
and metabolism of dairy cows Benbrook said. A conventional farm that provides their cows with access to grass would reap the same benefit in terms of the quality of the milk Benbrook added. 6 Foods That Are Good for Your Brain Organic farmers are required to follow standards set
by the United states Department of agriculture. These rules include providing access to the outdoors including to pasture for ruminants.
One aspect of organic production methods is that cows must be allowed to graze on grass.
and tail off as the summer progresses reaching a lower baseline level for the winter Benbrook said adding that CLA levels mirror the amount of fresh forage in the cows'diet.
#Heap of Cattle Bones May Mark Ancient Feasts A metric ton of cattle bones found in an abandoned theater in the ancient city of Corinth may mark years of lavish feasting a new study finds.
which the theater was reused to process carcasses of hundreds of cattle Mackinnon told Livescience. He presented his research Friday (Jan 4) at the annual meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America in Seattle.
The cattle bones were unearthed in an excavation directed by Charles Williams of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. They'd been discarded in that spot
See Images of the Discarded Cattle Bones Some of the skeletal materials were articulated even partially connected suggesting bulk processing
and catalogued more than 100000 individual bones most cattle with some goat and sheep. The bones of at least 516 individual cows were pulled from the theater.
Most were adults and maturity patterns in the bones and wear patterns on the teeth showed them all to have been culled in the fall or early winter.
These do not appear to be tired old work cattle but quality prime stock Mackinnon said.
He suspects the cattle were slaughtered for annual large-scale feasts. Without refrigeration it would have been difficult to keep meat fresh for long so may have been more efficient for cities to take a communal approach.
Cattle are at the center of another USDA grant that comes under Coburn's scrutiny.
The Coburn report conflates the USDA grant with a separate study on the effects of climate change on cattle and bison.
and extreme weather which cause hardship for cattle farmers every year. The goal of the large USDA study is to develop more weather-resilient grazing systems for beef cattle in the southern plains Rice told Livescience.
The last couple of years with all the drought and heat people were shipping their cattle up north Rice said.
If you develop a system that's more resilient then they wouldn t have to sell their cattle prematurely
or ship them to a region that is less affected by the drought. 8 Ways Global Warming Is Already Changing the World That might not be so frivolous
Watching wildlife Cows aren't the only animals that get a short shrift in Coburn's report.
A $150000 National park service study tracking mountain goats gets the tee-hee treatment because goats are attracted to urine from hikers.
The study is arguably less funny considering that goat-human encounters are up and that an aggressive ram chased down
and gored an experienced hiker in Olympic national park Wash. in 2010 standing over the man as he bled to death.
Rice's multiuniversity study on cattle grazing for example won funding only after an extremely rigorous application process that involved review by outside scientists
Hugh Fitzsimons is a third-generation rancher in Dimmitt County Texas where he raises bison and honeybees.
and making it difficult for even the toughest bison to survive. Last year the Texas rancher says he had only seven baby bison calves
when normally he has 10 times that many; his honey crop plummeted from 75 barrels to two.
Domestication of sheep goats and cattle began at about the same time. In Central and South america the most commonly domesticated plants were maize bottle gourds squash and beans.
A chimera is the name of a creature from Greek mythology that mixed together features of a lion a goat and a snake.
and avoid spreading invasive insects such as the Asian longhorn beetle. Still some select projects have sprouted up across the city in the past year that make use of the storm's wreckage.
and acacia to expand cattle land and agricultural land or provide firewood accelerating the region's harsh conditions.
For generations villagers cleared the trees for cattle land. Since 2008 an agricultural business named Produits du Sud has trained village youth to conserve
#Huge Wild Yak Population Found in Tibetan Park Yaks are coming back. At least they are in a remote reserve on the Tibetan Plateau.
 Decimated by hunters in the middle of the 20th century wild yaks are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature
The yak is the third largest beast in Asia after the elephant and rhino but due to its remote location has never been weighed officially.
Yaks live in alpine tundra grasslands and the cold desert regions of the northernâ Tibetan Plateau ranging from 13000 to 20000 feet (4000 to 6100 meters) in elevation according to the IUCN.
Wild yaks are icons for the remote untamed high-elevationâ roof of the world researcher Joel Berger who led the yak-counting expedition said in a statement.
 While polar bears represent a sad disclaimer for a warming Arctic the recent count of almost 1000 wild yaks offers hope for the persistence of free-roaming large animals at the virtual limits of high-altitude wildlife.
Berger and his team found more wild yaks near glaciers which feed adjacent alpine meadows
Less than 1 percent of the yaks varied in color from the rest suggesting they aren't mixing
and hybridizing with domestic yaks as is often the case in more populated areas of Tibet according to the release.
Very little is known about wild yak biology such as how often the animals breed and how many young yaks survive to adulthood.
Editor's Note: This story has been updated to correct the name of the organization involved. It's the Wildlife Conservation Society not the World Conservation Society.
For example scientists can take a normal embryo from the uterus of one cow transplant it into another
and have a 60 percent chance of a normal calf being born. Transferring a cloned cow embryo into a cow uterus results in a healthy calf less than 10 percent of the time Cibelli told Livescience.
When you see that scenario whoever wants to move this into humans quickly I think it should be said criminal Cibelli.
The five cheetahs studied predominantly hunted impala a type of African antelope but one male cheetah who frequently hunted in areas with thicker vegetation occasionally hunted warthogs Wilson said.
Gravity-Defying Bighorn sheep Bighorn sheep can climb slopes that would make Spider-man shake his head. The above image doesn't seem possible
Bighorn sheep get their name from their big curved horns on the males which are called rams.
Bighorn sheep aren't as agile as mountain goats but they are equipped well for climbing the steep terrain that their predators can't. Bighorn sheep's surefooted climbing skills are due to their feet
which are perfect for climbing unbelievably steep and rocky slopes. Modified toenails on bighorns'outer hooves are shaped to snag any slight protrusion on a rocky surface.
A soft inner pad provides a grip that rivals the best climbing shoe in its ability to handle slight changes in the surface of a cliff.
A bighorn sheep's size makes its climbing even more impressive. Bighorn sheep can weigh up to 300 pounds (136 kilograms) with the horns adding another 30 pounds (13 kg.
In the winter bighorn sheep live between 2500 to 5000 feet (760 to 1500 meters) in elevation.
In the summer they climb even higher up to 8500 feet (2590 m). Their climbing skills help them evade predators such as coyotes and bobcats.
To see a bighorn sheep in action head to the Rocky mountains or the Sierra nevada mountain range. Desert bighorn sheep can be found from the southwestern United states into Mexico.
Editor's note: This story was corrected to reflect the correct identification of the animal in the photo as a bighorn sheep and not a mountain goat.
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#Incredible Technology: How to Bring Extinct Animals Back to Life Editor's Note: In this weekly series Livescience explores how technology drives scientific exploration and discovery.
In 2003 biologists brought back a Pyrenean ibex by making a clone of frozen tissues harvested from the last of these goats.
In a section on the topic in the encyclopedia American Folklore folklorist Angus Kress Gillespie notes that The Jersey Devil remained an obscure regional legend through most of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries until 1909
#'Longhorn'Dinosaur Fossil Discovered in Utah The fossilized remains of a newly identified dinosaur with horns so long they would put Triceratops to shame has been discovered in the Utah desert.
It's the Texas longhorn of the ceratopsids. See Images of the Longhorn of Dinos Ancient micro-continent Though the region is parched now during the Cretaceous period
when Nasutoceratops  lived Utah was full of dense leafy forests streams and swamps that made it resemble the Mississippi Delta of today.
It's also possible that similar horns adorned the heads of both sexes as is the case with modern water buffalo Loewen said.
#Longhorn Legacy: Surprising Origins of Columbus'Cattle Found The first cows brought to The americas by explorer Christopher Columbus originated from two extinct wild beasts from India and Europe a new genetic analysis shows.
Because the breeds analyzed including the longhorn have been connected closely to humans the results could shed light on human migration over the past 10000 years said study co-author Emily Jane Mctavish an evolutionary biology doctoral candidate at the University of Texas at Austin
whose mascot is the longhorn cow. The findings were published today (March 25) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Wild beasts About 10000 years ago ancient people domesticated cows from wild aurochs (bovines that are 1. 5 to two times as big as domestic cattle) in two separate events one
in the Indian subcontinent and one in Europe. Paleolithic people probably captured young aurochs and selected for the most docile of the creatures.
The fierce and scary creatures gradually became tamer domesticated animals Mctavish said. Wild aurochs survived until 1627
when hunting and habitat loss drove the creatures to extinction. New world cows On Columbus'second trip to The americas in 1493 he brought cattle.
To untangle the history of these New world breeds Mctavish and her colleagues analyzed the genetic lineage of three cattle descended from the New world cows:
Texas longhorn Mexican Corriente and Romosinuano cattle from Colombia and compared them with 55 other cattle breeds. 5 Misconceptions of Christopher Columbus The researchers found that the New world cows evolved from both Indian and European lineages.
In addition historical records suggest that Longhorns underwent natural selection while they were living in semiwild herds for 450 years or about 80 to 200 generations.
The group hypothesizes that Indian cows made it to East Africa via trade routes and cows from North africa may have entered Spain
when the Moors conquered the Iberian peninsula. Different origins The findings suggest that New world cows differ from breeds brought by The french and The british such as Angus and Hereford
which evolved only in Europe Mctavish said. All these European breeds have a different evolutionary history than the Spanish breeds brought by Columbus Mctavish said.
Because New world cows were adapted to frequent droughts and changing food supplies these traits could be useful to breeders developing hardier breeds of cattle especially in the face of climate change Mctavish said.
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#Lost and Found: Ancient Shoes Turn up in Egypt Temple More than 2000 years ago at a time when Egypt was ruled by a dynasty of kings of Greek descent someone perhaps a group of people hid away some of the most valuable possessions they had their shoes.
which is likely bovine. Most surprising was isolated that the shoe had what shoemakers call a rand a device that until now was thought to have been used first in medieval Europe.
The incriminating images show Ryan William Waterman 21 and his two children petting a manatee calf at Taylor Creek in Fort Pierce last month according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife
In one shot Waterman is holding the calf partially out of the shallow water and in another image one of his young children is sitting on top of the animal as if riding it.
While the family's actions might look playful biologists said such contact could be deadly for a manatee calf.
Separating the two could have severe consequences for the calf FWC manatee biologist Thomas Reinert said in a statement.
World's Cutest Baby Wild Animals The calf also appeared to be experiencing manatee cold-stress syndrome a condition that can lead to death in extreme cases Reinert added.
Taking the calf out of the water may have worsened its situation. Waterman faces charges under the Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act which makes it illegal to molest harass
The oldest was a rack of cattle ribs from the tomb of Tjuiu an Egyptian noblewoman and her courtier Yuya.
and 948 B c. and consisted of meat from a calf found in the tomb of Isetemkheb D a sister and wife to a high priest in Thebes.
and the other was probably goat. The researchers conducted a chemical analysis of the bandages or the meat itself in all four samples.
They found that animal fat coated the bandages of the calf and goat mummies; in the case of the calf the fat was on bandages not in contact with the meat suggesting it had been smeared on as a preservative rather than seeping through as grease.
The most intriguing chemical profile appeared on the beef mummy however. The bandaging around the mummy contained remnants of an elaborate balm made of fat or oil and resin from a Pistacia tree a shrubby desert plant.
Logging and farming also contribute to the continued destruction of the Amazon with one expert attributing up to 90 percent of all cleared land in the region to the expansion of Brazil's cattle ranching industry.
The mountain's largest feature is the Valle del Bove (Valley of the Ox) a large horseshoe-shaped caldera on the eastern slope.
or detached ears including a goat named Polka-dot. In 2010 the Hispanic vampire beast el chupacabra (of course never proven to exist) was blamed by some for the deaths of more than 300 goats in rural Mexico.
The real cause: Officials found feral canines were the real culprits. Whatever killed the New mexico elk was apparently neither a chemical spill nor a flesh-eating fungus though the deaths remain a genuine mystery at least so far.
which was occupied continuously for 3000 years had evidence of burning thousands of flint tool fragments and bones ofâ wild aurochs a type of extinct giant cow.
but fashioned in the style of another region (for instance aâ stone toolâ made from Welsh
However what makes the Amesbury discovery special is the large trove of auroch bones found in the area which suggests the spring was on a natural migration route for the wild aurochs he said.
Cattle bones and other signs of meat consumption have been found in the palace Yasur-Landau said.
Their babies called calves are born 6 feet (1. 8 meters) tall and can grow up to an inch a day.
Future frontiers of agricultural expansion will most likely be in the tropics as people clear high-biodiversity tropical forests to raise cattle grow soy
As troubling as this storm was for people the blizzard was devastating for the region's cattle.
And help unfortunately is not on its way to South dakota's $7-billion cattle industry due to the shutdown at federal agencies a shutdown that some claim the state's congressional representatives helped to create.
The 19 Weirdest Effects of the Government Shutdown As the snow melted the losses mounted for the state's ranchers who now face the grisly task of documenting the number of dead rotting cattle carcasses littering their land.
and loss Joan Wink of Wink Cattle Company told Modern Farmer. I'm not going to take photos.
No assistance available Many of the cattle died of hypothermia winds in the blizzard reached 70 mph (113 km h)
and cattle did not yet have the protection of thick winter coats of hair. Normally the state's cattle ranchers would apply for assistance from the Farm Service agency a division of the U s. Department of agriculture.
But with that office shuttered by the federal government shutdown now in its third week that agency is closed.
Although many vertebrates became extinct during this period mammals that are familiar to us today including apes cattle deer rabbits kangaroos wallabies bears
Eating the placenta known as placentophagy is common amongst some mammals such as goats which eat the afterbirth for its nutritional boost.
Elsewhere in the clearing known as the Dzanga Bai I was awed by bongo buffalo sitatunga and hundreds of birds.
and slaughtered at least 26 elephants four of them calves collecting as much ivory as possible before disappearing to most likely begin preparing their next attack.
For example some may have become sick through their contact with cattle. From 1998 through 2011 a total of 148 outbreaks associated with the consumption of raw milk products were documented in the United states resulting in 2384 illnesses 284 hospitalizations and two deaths according to the CDC.
which has very specific procedures and rituals for the sacrifice (and typically sacrifice chickens or goats not horses).
In fact the butchered remains of a goat and two roosters found in Miami's South Beach this year were thought by some to be a Santerã a ritual sacrifice.
The misidentification of normal animal predation is a common element in mysterious animal deaths such as cattle mutilations
In 1945 a man named Bill Billy goat Sianis was ejected from a a href=http://www. livescience. com/28844-chicago-cubs-billy-goat-curse. html>Chicago cubs</a>game
because he brought with him a pet goat. Outraged Sianis reportedly cursed the club with the words The Cubs ain't gonna win no more!
despite many attempts over the years to lift the curse (some of them involving goats).
This April police in Cook County Ill. found a decapitated goat tied to a tree near a golf course.
inside was a decaying goat's head d
#Reality Check: 5 Risks of Raw Vegan Diet On the road to good health there are many forks. Some paths such as vegetarianism or the Mediterranean diet have considerable science supporting them.
The same would be true for cows or for any vegan animals that accumulate toxins in their fat;
Biologists briefly brought the extinct Pyrenean ibex back to life in 2003 by creating a clone from a frozen tissue sample harvested before the goat's entire population vanished in 2000.
A resurrected Pyrenean ibex will need a safe home Pimm wrote. Those of us who attempt to reintroduce zoo-bred species that have gone extinct in the wild have one question at the top of our list:
Hunters ate this wild goat to extinction. Reintroduce a resurrected ibex to the area where it belongs
and it will become the most expensive cabrito ever eaten. Pimm also worries that de-extinction could create a false impression that science can save endangered species turning the focus away from conservation.
This story has been updated to correct the year the Pyrenean ibex clone was created. Email Megan Gannon or follow her@meganigannon. Follow Livescience on Twitter@livescience. We're also on Facebook & Google+.
but older ones grew a dry hard rind in the sun like a cow patty.
These animals include more than 1 million wildebeest and zebra which make up one of the most amazing animal migrations on the planet.
Bison Shrink as Planet Warms Bison roaming the U s. prairie may grow smaller as a result of climate change a new study suggests.
Interested in how regional climate affects bison size biologist Joseph Craine of Kansas State university collected body mass data for more than 250000 bison across the country.
The average South dakota adult male bison for example weighed roughly 1900 pounds (860 kilograms) whereas the average Oklahoma adult bison subject to hotter conditions weighed closer to 1300 pounds (590 kg) Craine reported last week in the journal PLOS ONE.
The difference in temperature between those two states is around 20 degrees Fahrenheit 11 degrees Celsius
But it is a clear indicator that long-term warming will affect bison and is something that will happen across the U s. over the next 50-75 years.
Protein deficiency slows bison growth early in life resulting in smaller adults. Other grazers like cattle will likely face similar changes in a warming climate Craine said.
Though more work is needed to predict the extent of warming on the prairie Craine suggests that the cattle industry could face losses of more than $1 billion within the next 75 years as a result of degrading grass quality.
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Because of overhunting and poaching of their favorite prey the endangered Argali sheep the leopards are turning to domestic animals goats and sheep instead.
and covers species such as the Siberian crane along with recent additions of the Saiga antelope the Bukhara deer and the Argali sheep.
Rattlesnake Sliders & Goat Penis: Photos of Exotic Food However one true tale of a Pleistocene repast comes from the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Paleontologist Dale Guthrie
and colleagues who excavated a 36000-year-old steppe bison carcass called Blue Babe stewed
while prepping the bison for display. The meat was had tough and a strong aroma Guthrie wrote in the book Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe:
Sacramento Calf.;or Bozeman Mont. would pay for itself while reducing fuel loads slashing carbon emissions increasing water runoff to streams
Live animals are used only to provide cells from which cell lines can be grown (though the blood of unborn cows is needed to culture most cells.
The holes that the elephants and the rhinos and the buffalos make that becomes the highway
Broadtails arrive across the border into Arizona right when their nectar resources are present but by the time they reach the central Rocky mountains
#What Are Fainting Goats? Ever felt so alarmed by a sneaky person that you thought you would pass out?
One breed of goats actually does fall down when startled. Although they're called fainting goats the animals don't actually fall unconscious.
They're just paralyzed for a few moments. Fainting goats are breed a of goats that have inherited myotonia an neurological condition that makes it difficult to relax the muscles.
Humans can have this neurological disorder as well but it usually only results in a stiff walk or difficulty getting up from a chair.
The condition makes fainting goats collapse on the ground with their bodies stiff and rigid.
and awkwardly walk away according to the International Fainting Goat Association (IFGA). You can tell these goats apart from other breeds due to their big conspicuous eyes;
their colors and coat textures vary like those of other goats. While the condition produces dramatic effects in the animals the neurological disorder doesn't hurt a domestic goat's health in the long run according to the IFGA.
Fainting goats if properly cared for will live from 10 to 18 years the same lifespan as most other breeds of goat.
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#What Are Greenhouse Gases? Behind the struggle to address global warming and climate change lies the increase in greenhouse gases in our atmosphere.
A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere.
and usually infect wild and domestic animals such as goats cattle and sheep. Anthrax outbreaks are fairly common worldwide and mostly affect agricultural workers.
and hides of animals processed for their meat (usually cows and pigs). But hooves consist of a different protein keratin
It refers to the meat of a young cow or calf as opposed to beef (also from French) an adult cow's meat.
Prized for its tenderness and delicate flavor veal has appeared in the cuisines of Italy France and Germany for centuries.
when Emperor Alexander Severus outlawed calf slaughter due to overconsumption. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
   The different varieties of veal depend on the calves'diet. Milk-fed calves (actually raised on a milklike supplement) produce a pale pink veal
while grain-fed calves produce redder fattier meat. Veal production has prompted strong criticism from animal welfare groups.
Traditional practices place calves in small (30 by 70 inch) individual crates that prevent much movement;
most calves aren't able to turn around. By depriving the animals of exercise veal producers aim to reduce muscle growth keeping the meat tender.
Calves spend only a few hours or days with their mothers before moving to crate confinement where they live for 12 to 23 weeks before being slaughtered.
In response to animal rights advocacy several countries and U s. states have outlawed the use of crates for veal production
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