and suck fluids from hundreds of species of plants including tomatoes grapes strawberries and soybeans.
One serving of whole wheat pasta plus two servings of fruits or vegetables provides about 7 grams of fiber researchers said.
Greater intake of fiber-rich foods--such as whole-grains fruits vegetables and nuts--are important for everyone
Six to eight servings of grains and eight to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables can provide the recommended amount.
#Diverse bacteria on fresh fruits, vegetables vary with produce type, farming practicesfresh fruit and vegetables carry an abundance of bacteria on their surfaces not all of
which cause disease. In the first study to assess the variety of these non-pathogenic bacteria scientists report that these surface bacteria vary depending on the type of produce and cultivation practices.
and strawberries have similar surface bacteria with the majority of these microbes belonging to one family.
Fruit like apples peaches and grapes have more variable surface bacterial communities from three or four different groups.
and cocoa powder according to Kern. Gallic acid a variant of pyrogallol is found in teas and coffees.
The children of parents with low and medium levels of education eat fewer vegetables and fruit and more processed products and sweet drinks.
and fats more often than those parents with a higher level of education who feed their children more products of a higher nutritional quality including vegetables fruit pasta rice and wholemeal bread.
The greatest differences among families with different levels of education are observed in the consumption of fruit vegetables
Their diet should include cereals fruit vegetables dairy products lean meats fish poultry eggs and nuts.
The flies were fed extracts made from organic and conventional potatoes soybeans raisins and bananas. They were fed not any additional nutritional supplements.
or neutral results were obtained using diets prepared from organic raisins which suggests the beneficial health effects of organic diets are dependent on the specific food item Bauer said.
and harvesting wild fruits and vegetables. Some of these they consume but others they sell
#Peach genome offers insights into breeding strategies for biofuels cropsrapidly growing trees like poplars and willows are candidate biofuel crops from
The relationship between a peach and a poplar may not be obvious at first glance but to botanists both trees are part of the rosid superfamily
which includes not only fruit crops like apples strawberries cherries and almonds but many other plants as well including rose that gives the superfamily its name.
The close relationship between peach and poplar trees is evident from their DNA sequence said Jeremy Schmutz head of the Plant Program at the U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI.
In the March 24 edition of Nature Genetics Schmutz and several colleagues were part of the International Peach Genome Initiative (IPGI) that published the 265-million base genome of the Lovell variety of Prunus persica.
Using comparative genomics approaches characterization of the peach sequence can be exploited not only for the improvement
and sustainability of peach and other important tree species but also to enhance our understanding of the basic biology of trees the team wrote.
They compared 141 peach gene families to those of six other fully sequenced diverse plant species to unravel unique metabolic pathways for instance those that lead to lignin biosynthesis--the molecular glue that holds the plant cells together
--and a key barrier to deconstructing biomass into fuels. For bioenergy researchers the size of the peach genome makes it ideal to serve as a plant model for studying genes found in related genomes such as poplar one of the DOE JGI's Plant Flagship Genomes
(http://bit. ly/JGI-Plants) and develop methods for improving plant biomass yield for biofuels.
One gene we're interested in is the so-called evergreen locus in peaches which extends the growing season said Daniel Rokhsar DOE JGI Eukaryotic Program head under
whose leadership sequencing of the peach genome began back in 2007. In theory it could be manipulated in poplar to increase the accumulation of biomass.
The publication comes three years after the International Peach Genome Consortium publicly released the draft assembly of the annotated peach genome on the DOE JGI Plant portal Phytozome. net and on other websites.
The decision to sequence the peach genome was announced first during the 2007 Plant and Animal Genome XI Conference.
#Genetic analysis saves major apple-producing region of Washington statein August 2011 researchers from the U s. Department of agriculture were presented with a serious and potentially very costly puzzle in Kennewick Wash.
Since Kennewick lies within a region near the heart of Washington state's $1. 5 billion apple-growing region an annual survey of fruit trees is performed by the Washington state Department of agriculture (WSDA) to look for any invading insects.
In that case they posed little threat to the surrounding apple orchards in central Washington. But the real fear was represented that they an expansion in the range of the invasive apple maggot fly known to biologists as Rhagoletis pomonella.
In one of the world's leading apple-growing regions a great deal of produce and economic livelihood rested on quickly
Fortunately the fly identified Rhagoletis indifferens is known not to infest apples. The Notre dame group further demonstrated that it is possible to genetically identify the correct fly species within two days compared to the four months required to raise
A separate study led by the Feder lab details how the apple maggot fly was introduced recently into the Pacific Northwest region of the U s. likely via larval-infested apples from the East.
So far though the apple maggot has not been reported infesting any commercial apple orchards in central Washington.
The Feder team is continuing to refine the genetic assays to develop a portable test that would be valuable in apple-growing regions as well as ports of entry where fruit infested by nonlocal insect species can be detected rapidly to prevent the spread of the insect.
Typical households of lower socioeconomic status spend grocery money first on these items allocating far less to vegetables and fruits.
brown rice and fruits and vegetables. The participants were followed then for six months after the cooking program ended.
and fruits consumed per month. Not only did study participants cut their food spending by more than half saving nearly $40 per week we also found that the reliance on a food pantry decreased as well from 68 percent at the start of the study to 54 percent demonstrating a clear decline in food insecurity Flynn says.
Both apes and small monkeys play an important role in seed dispersal in the rainforest as they feed on a variety of different fruits.
If fewer fruit seeds are spread fewer fruit trees will grow in the forests. Instead species with wind-dispersed seeds will most likely take over.
because those who live in the vicinity of the forests gather a lot of fruit and nuts he said.
if given by injection or in a purified pill form but when it is a part of the fruit of a plant it may be no different from a safety standpoint than the food in which it is contained
The team chose a fruit--the tomato--that could be eaten without requiring cooking that might break down the peptide.
and the ripened fruit was then freeze-dried and ground into powder for use in the study.
and sugary drinks and increasing exercise and fruit and vegetable intake they suggest. Story Source:
Think about someone picking apples in an orchard. Once the apples from the first tree are picked it is a rational decision to move on to the next tree he says.
These are also important findings because they suggest that at least in some cases these behaviours might be resistant to current behavioural intervention strategies says co-author Digby Elliott professor of motor control and behavioural neurosciences at Liverpool John Moores University and professor emeritus at Mcmaster.
#New insights on invasive fly threatening US fruit cropshumans aren't the only species with a sweet tooth.
Research from North carolina State university shows that the invasive spotted-wing vinegar fly (Drosophila suzukii) also prefers sweet soft fruit--giving us new insight into a species that has spread across the United states over the past four years
and threatens to cause hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to U s. fruit crops.
Because we know that D. suzukii prefers softer sweeter fruit we can focus our research efforts into
which wild fruits may serve as reservoirs for this species and help identify new crops that might be at risk says Dr. Hannah Burrack an assistant professor of entomology at NC State
These findings may also be a starting point for plant breeders interested in developing new fruit varieties that are more resistant to D. suzukii.
The female flies use serrated blades on the tip of their abdomens to cut through the skin of ripe fruit
The eggs hatch into larvae that feed on the flesh of the fruit until they reach maturity--ruining the fruit in the process.
Sellers go to great pains to remove infested fruit before it reaches the marketplace so consumers won't notice a difference in fruit quality.
But infestations can cause significant economic problems for fruit growers. For example researchers estimate that D. suzukii has the potential to destroy 40 percent of blackberry and raspberry crops in the eastern U s
. which would affect berry prices and availability. D. suzukii already causes tens of millions of dollars in crop damage annually to cherries raspberries blackberries blueberries and strawberries.
But researchers estimate that losses could climb into the hundreds of millions of dollars per year
if the pest can't be controlled. While ongoing studies explore pesticide-based approaches to control D. suzukii the new research from NC State should help scientists and farmers with other control options.
For example the study found that D. suzukii are more likely to infest certain varieties of raspberries and blackberries.
This means growers may be able to limit crop damage by planting more of the varieties that D. suzukii tend to avoid.
The three-year study evaluated D. suzukii impacts in commercial blackberry and raspberry crops in North carolina and also encompassed laboratory experiments to help researchers determine which characteristics made fruits more likely to be infested.
The work was supported by the Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium North carolina Tobacco Trust fund Commission North carolina Department of Food and Agriculture U s. Department of agriculture and North carolina Blueberry Council.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by North carolina State university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Bitter melon juice prevents pancreatic cancer in mouse modelsa University of Colorado Cancer study published this week in the journal Carcinogenesis shows that bitter melon juice restricts the ability of pancreatic cancer cells to metabolize glucose
Three years ago researchers showed the effect of bitter melon extract on breast cancer cells only in a Petri dish.
and bitter melon has been shown to effect TYPE II-DIABETES diabetes and has been used for centuries against diabetes in the folk medicines of China and India.
and directly explored the link between bitter melon and pancreatic cancer. The result Agarwal says is Alteration in metabolic events in pancreatic cancer cells
Perhaps not coincidentally bitter melon also regulates insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. After studies in cell cultures the group showed that mouse models of pancreatic cancer that were fed bitter melon juice were 60 percent less likely to develop the disease than controls.
It's a very exciting finding Agarwal says. Many researchers are engineering new drugs to target cancer cells'ability to supply themselves with energy
The Agarwal Lab is now applying for grants that will allow them to move the study of bitter melon into further chemoprevention trials in mouse models of pancreatic cancer.
Farmers use various water sources in the production of fresh fruits and vegetables including well water and different types of surface water such as river water or lake water--sources
#Mandating fruits and vegetables in school meals makes a difference, study findsstate laws that require minimum levels of fruits
and vegetables in school meals may give a small boost to the amount of these foods in adolescents'diets according to a study published in the American Journal of Preventive medicine.
This effect was strongest in students who had no access to fruits and vegetables at home.
if such laws made a difference in student fruit and vegetable consumption. At the time the data were collected the only states in the study that required high schools to provide a minimum number of servings of fruits
and vegetables were California and Mississippi said Daniel Taber Ph d. MPH research scientist with the Institute for Health Research
Students in California and Mississippi who had limited access to fruits and vegetables at home typically ate unhealthy snacks
and who got a school lunch four to five days a week reported an average of 0. 45 cups more fruit
and 0. 61 cups more vegetables than did lived those who in states with no fruit or vegetable requirements in school lunches.
Intake was highest in adolescents with access to fruits and vegetables at home. School nutrition standards have been targeted by policymakers as a way to reduce obesity
and disparities in diet and to get teenagers into the habit of eating fruits and vegetables.
and require that a half-cup of fruit or vegetable and up to two cups be in every lunch menu each day noted Beauvais adding These changes will make the findings from this study more likely.
Introducing young people to eating fruits and vegetables regularly in schools helps them want to eat them elsewhere Beauvais observed.
New checklist brings information about cucurbitaceae up to datein 2010 it was shown that melons and cucumbers can be traced back to India.
pumpkins melon cucumber watermelon bottle gourds and bitter gourd. Molecular data have revealed recently that both cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)
. and melon (Cucumis melo L.)are indigenous to India and likely to have originated from the foothills of The himalayas.
In the study researchers found that the nectar of Citrus and Coffea species often contained low doses of caffeine.
Grapefruit lemons pomelo and oranges were sampled also and all contained caffeine. Co-author Professor Phil Stevenson from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
They have been collected occasionally in agroecosystems specifically from the canopies of orchard crops in South africa (avocadoes macadamias and pistachios)
#Spot the difference--oranges and lemonsa computer recognition system that is 99%accurate can identify different fruits and vegetables even the particular strain of apples or plums for instance.
Research to be published in the International Journal of Applied Pattern Recognition in March explains how challenging this issue has been until now
Shiv Ram Dubey and Anand Singh Jalal of GLA University in Mathura India have developed an automated image processing system that not only quickly distinguishes between oranges
and lemons but can spot different strains of pear melon apple and plum. Such a system given its high accuracy could be used for sorting
and packing different fruits and vegetables. However it could also be used to speed up supermarket customer checkout where similar
The program developed by the team is trained with a set of images of known fruit
The process involves photographing an image of the different fruits removing the background and then analyzing the image left.
They have trained thus their program with 15 different fruits and vegetables including various types of apple onions potatoes oranges limes kiwi fruit and different melons.
Tests showed that 99 times out of 100 the software could correctly identify the product in question regardless of
and you just might like it is a motto many schools are embracing to encourage children to eat more fruits and vegetables.
The 50 international researchers including Lawrence Harder professor in the Department of Biological sciences in the Faculty of science at the University of Calgary analysed data from 41 crop systems around the world including fruits seeds nuts
Our study demonstrates that production of many fruit and seed crops that make diets interesting such as tomatoes coffee
and watermelon is limited because their flowers are pollinated not adequately says Harder. We also show that adding more honey bees often does not fix this problem
and fruits a process that is enhanced by insects that visit flowers. These pollinators including bees flies butterflies
The study found that the proportion of flowers producing fruits was considerably lower in sites with fewer wild insects visiting crop flowers.
#Grape seed and skin extract: A weapon in the fight against kidney disease caused by high-fat dietsnew insight into grape seed extract as a therapeutic and preventative measure to fight obesity-induced kidney damage is presented in a new study.
Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) is known to contain powerful antioxidants. This study published in the journal Applied Physiology Nutrition
and Metabolism is the first to make a link between GSSES and high-fat-diet-induced renal disease.
The authors examined the effect of GSSE processed from a grape cultivar('Carignan')of Vitis vinifera from northern Tunisia on rats.
The article Grape seed and skin extract alleviates high-fat-diet-induced renal lipotoxicity and prevents copper depletion in rats is available Open Access in the journal Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism.
#A promising fruit: The tree tomatoa researcher at the UPM is collaborating in the characterization of genetic resource of the tree tomato to enhance its cultivation and commercialization in Andean and Mediterranean countries.
Its fruits are fleshy oval or elliptic shaped and yellow orange or purple color with a pleasant-tasting slightly acidic aromatic pulp rich in vitamins and minerals.
As a result of this work and apart from publishing papers about morphological and genetic diversity of this fruit researchers detailed a list of over 80 descriptors (morphology characters) to describe
The morphological characters of the fruit are of special interest for the variability and heritability what can open possibilities of plant breeders to obtain proper varieties to market needs.
But Professor Becker cautioned against applying these findings to Apple as it is today --instead one should look back to Apple's early history in the 1980s.
Apple today is a mature publicly listed company whereas the firms in our study are owned privately
and much younger than Apple was died when Steve jobs he said. Perhaps a better illustration of the phenomenon we have identified is
when Jobs left Apple during the 1980s when it was less than 10 years old. Apple struggled without him
and didn't really regain its momentum until Jobs came back to the helm in the 1990s.
During this time Jobs was lost to the firm creating a similar dynamic to what happens in companies in which the founder-entrepreneur dies.
and making students select either a fruit or vegetable with their purchased lunch. However children cannot be forced to eat these healthier lunches.
and attractiveness of fruits and vegetables (e g. fresh fruit next to the cash register in nice bowls or tiered stands)
and make the selection of fruits and vegetables seem standard through verbal cues from cafeteria staff (e g.
Would you like to try an apple?.The smarter lunchroom makeover took no more than 3 hours in one afternoon and cost less than $50 to implement.
After the smarter lunchroom makeover students were 13%more likely to take fruits and 23%more likely to take vegetables.
Actual fruit consumption increased by 18%and vegetable consumption increased by 25%;%students were also more likely to eat the whole serving of fruit or vegetables (16%and 10%respectively.
These low-cost yet effective interventions could significantly influence healthier behaviors potentially helping to offset childhood obesity trends.
There were these two preexisting systems Miyagawa says like apples and oranges that just happened to be put together.
These kinds of adaptations of existing structures are common in natural history notes Robert Berwick a co-author of the paper who is a professor of computational linguistics in MIT's Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems in the Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science.
Based on these observations the authors suggest that growing strategies for fruits and vegetables should aim to balance plant stress with efforts to maximize yield
and fruit size rather than trying to eliminate stress to increase yields. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Public library of Science.
which allows a single tree to produce both nectarines and peaches. Researchers from the Australian National University found that in the long-lived eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus melliodora) somatic mutation is also responsible for their interesting ability to produce some branches with leaves that are predated readily
and other legumes green bananas and also in cooked and cooled starchy products like sushi rice and pasta salad.
and also called citrus greening in English-speaking countries is the most destructive disease threatening the citrus industry worldwide.
and that application of phosphorus solutions to the diseased trees significantly alleviated HLB symptoms and thus improved fruit yield in a three-year field trial in southwest Florida.
and underdeveloped vegetative growth premature fruit drop and in some cases off-flavoured fruit with aborted seeds.
In areas affected by HLB citrus management costs have increased dramatically in the last few years:
To study the expression of citrus srnas in response to HLB we grafted 19 greenhouse-grown healthy sweet orange plants with HLB-positive bark or leaf pieces.
Both donor and receptor trees tested negative for other graft-transmissible pathogens of citrus. As controls five plants were mock-inoculated with pathogen-free healthy tissue.
and treated before symptoms start to become apparent then money spent by the global citrus industry on additional treatments might be saved.
Fruit yield increased approximately twofold compared with the mock-treated plants. It should be noted that the application of phosphorus solutions did not cure the trees
and improve fruit yield. This along with the potential use of mirnas to diagnose infected trees earlier could have real practical significance given the global economic importance of citrus plants and the rising costs of HLB management.
However commercial crops--melons oranges pineapple and aloe--that were growing near the site were not as healthy.
Indeed one plant virus that was found frequently in the forest was also found in nearby melon crops.
In the melons it was causing severe disease while in the wild plants there were no symptoms.
apples pears and other fruits; and vegetable crops like broccoli Brussels sprouts and cabbage. Farmers usually battle these pests with traditional insects with little use of SIT despite its many advantages.
The rust mainly infects coffee leaves but also young fruit and buds. Coffee rust spores are spread by the wind and the rain from lesions on the underside of leaves.
Joe Berry a co-author and Carnegie staff scientist noted that understanding how and where the trees get their water was key to unraveling cause and effect in this study.
and dark chocolate with a cocoa content of 70 percent or higher contain resveratrol which has been found to lower blood sugar.
Dark chocolate 70 percent or higher cocoa content--Truffles souffl s and even hot chocolate can be a good source of resveratrol
and cocoa phenols (flavonoids) as long as dark chocolate with a high content of cocoa is used. Salmon/tuna--Especially white or albacore tuna and salmon are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids
Walnuts and almonds--Both walnuts and almonds contain omega-3 fatty acids Vitamin e magnesium fiber and heart-favorable mono-and polyunsaturated fats.
Blueberries/cranberries/raspberries/strawberries--Berries are a good source of beta carotene and lutein anthocyanin ellagic acid a polyphenol) Vitamin c folate potassium and fiber.
#Fruits and vegetables may help protect the kidneysadding fruits and vegetables to the diet may help protect the kidneys of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with too much acid build up according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN).
but simply adding more fruits and vegetables --which contain alkali--to the diet might also help.
Nimrit Goraya MD Donald Wesson MD (Texas A&m College of Medicine) and their colleagues tested this by randomizing 71 patients with hypertensive stage 4 CKD to receive added fruits and vegetables
PTCO2 was higher in patients receiving bicarbonate than in those receiving added fruits and vegetables.#¢
#¢Although fruits and vegetables are rich in potassium and might raise blood potassium to dangerous levels levels did not increase in either group.
or alkali-inducing fruits and vegetables patients had a favorable response by reduction of urinary kidney injury markers said Dr. Wesson.
However many patients find it difficult to follow a diet high in fruits and vegetables and might
Hotspots are areas where cultivation of peaches and other nontraditional crops has exploded over the past decade noted Karl Zimmerer professor
Zimmerer and his colleagues surveyed land use among 174 smallholder households to assess production inputs and outputs of maize and peach crops.
and estimates of the areas devoted to intensified peach-and maize-growing. Zimmerer also interviewed diverse groups of land users
Researchers show ionic liquids effective for pre-treating mixed blends of biofuel feedstockswinemakers have known long that blending different grape varietals can favorably balance the flavor characteristics of the wine they produce.
#Eating bright-colored fruits and vegetables may prevent or delay amyotrophic lateral sclerosisnew research suggests that increased consumption of foods containing colorful carotenoids particularly beta-carotene
Carotenoids give fruits and vegetables their bright orange red or yellow colors and are a source of dietary Vitamin a.
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