and these pathogens can attack multiple hosts including grasses and corn Yen explains. This makes the disease tougher to combat.
That will then allow researchers to determine how to neutralize its power to infect small grains.
and pearl millet farmers in India grain markets are still pretty sticky. Two University of Illinois economists analyzed infrastructure of interstate trade for food-grain crops in three Indian states
and vegetable crops which are highly perishable tend to have less regulation than the grains and oilseeds.
and captured the light directly emitted by dust grains. The results appear in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
These dust grains are believed to be fundamental ingredients for the formation of stars and planets but until now very little was known about their abundance
which bear imprints on the physical properties of the grains and therefore were critical for this study.
and SPIRE data shows that the properties of grains vary from one galaxy to another--more than we originally expected.
As dust is heated by starlight we knew that the frequencies at which grains emit should be related to a galaxy's star formation activity.
and comparing results from 1700 published assessments of the response that climate change will have on the yields of rice maize and wheat.
They are characterised by a continuous grass understorey widespread shade-intolerant plants and the prevalence of fire
if those shrubby communities can be invaded by grasses or have changed they something fundamentally so that it will be harder to restore the prairie he said.
The shrubs could be driving out grass-loving fungi in favor of shrub-loving fungi.
The use of artificial playing surfaces at sport venues has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to the advantages of artificial turf over natural grass:
A total of 2580 hours of play were recorded (1270 hours on artificial turf and 1310 on grass.
and 20 on grass with muscle strains being the most common injury (13 on artificial turf 14 on grass).
and those that occur on natural grass surfaces. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Grass production must have boomed as did vast numbers of war horses and other livestock that gave the Mongols their power.
Before fossil fuels grass and ingenuity were the fuels for the Mongols and the cultures around them said lead author Neil Pederson a tree-ring scientist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.
Hanqin Tian an ecologist at Auburn University in Alabama who studies modern grasslands is working on models to correlate ancient grass production with the tree-ring records of weather.
Grass pollen allergies typically arise in late spring and weeds cause hay fever from the summer through the fall.
But why asked the chair of Soil science is there a protective blanket of sage brush orchard grass wild rye
let grazing animals crop the excess growth of fast growing grasses that can out-compete native plants in an over-fertilized world.
The herbivores or grazing and browsing animals feed on tall grasses that block sunlight from reaching the ground making the light available to other plants.
They often struggle to compete against grasses that use the extra nutrients to grow faster and bigger.
As forests normally mature their grasses give way to herbs and shrubs and then new trees eventually take root.
'which are located at the boundaries between the mineral grains that make up rocks. Focusing on olivine the researchers have managed for the first time to observe such defects
The researchers suspected that the solution was to be found at the boundaries between the mineral grains that make up rocks.
#Maize and bacteria: A one-two punch knocks copper out of stamp sandscientists have known for years that together bacteria
Then Wusirika and his team planted maize in the stamp sand incorporating bacteria in four different ways:
and4. the conventional method immersing the roots of maize seedlings in bacteria and planting them in stamp sand.
All maize grown with bacteria was significantly more vigorous--from two to five times larger--than the maize grown in stamp sand alone.
However when the researchers analyzed the dried maize they made a surprising discovery: the seed-planted maize took up far more copper as a percentage of dry weight.
In other words the smaller plants pulled more copper ounce per ounce out of the stamp sands than the bigger ones.
Bacteria also appear to affect the amount phenolics produced by the maize. Phenolics are antioxidants similar to those in grapes and red wine.
and we'd also like to work with plants besides maize. We think this work has applications in organic agriculture as well as remediation.
fruits, vegetables linked to reduced risk of preterm deliverypregnant women who eat a prudent diet rich in vegetables fruits whole grains
Although these findings cannot establish causality they support dietary advice to pregnant women to eat a balanced diet including vegetables fruit whole grains
and saturated fats and were low in whole grains and fiber. The new standards from the United states Department of agriculture (USDA) aimed to improve the nutritional quality of school meals by making whole grains fruits
and vegetables more available requiring the selection of a fruit or vegetable increasing the portion sizes of fruits
and fat and they rely increasingly on a short list of major food crops like wheat maize
but relying on a global diet of such limited diversity obligates us to bolster the nutritional quality of the major crops as consumption of other nutritious grains and vegetables declines.
The research reveals that the crops now predominant in diets around the world include several that were already quite important a half-century ago--such as wheat rice maize and potato.
Many smaller animals birds elk and moose (which browse shrubs instead of grazing on grass) would have been in the shrub tundra he adds.
Pandas have specific habitat needs--they eat only bamboo and stay in areas with gentle slopes that are far from humans.
They discovered that horses are indeed big on bamboo --and also are drawn to the same sunny gently sloped spots as pandas.
Pandas and horses eat about the same amount of bamboo but a herd of more than 20 horses made for a feeding frenzy decimating areas the reserve was established to protect.
A new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that within the current systems farmers would find it more profitable in coming years to expand livestock production in mixed systems--where livestock are fed on both grass
as well as higher quality feed--rather than in pure grass-based systems. This development would lead to a 23%reduction of emissions from land use change in the next two decades without any explicit climate mitigation policy.
And to boost cold tolerance researchers are crossing sugarcane with Miscanthus a related perennial grass that can grow as far north as Canada.
and bamboo were helping in areas handicapped by poor soil and growing conditions. Our evaluation of the Wolong restoration project will have a guiding role in the restoration scheme areas across the entire area affected by the earthquake Zhang said.
When your daily eating plans include foods like vegetables fruits whole grains lean meats poultry fish eggs fat-free
Based on these measurements and others the new crops were nearly as genetically diverse as their parent grass beds Cohen and colleagues found.
Sea grass meadows are a key marine environment under siege. In their healthy state they stabilize coastal sediment
But a variety of human influences from bridge building to runoff pollution to smothering loads of sediment have threatened these grass beds globally.
If you were out kayaking at low tide you might see these grasses in places like Richardson Bay which is full of a big meadow she said.
and beverages provided by parents have resulted in little to no improvement in the amount of fruits vegetables whole grains and/or water.
The article Energy and Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Corn (Zea mays L.)in Ontario: A regional assessment by Susantha Jayasundara Claudia Wagner-Riddle Goretty Dias and Kumudinie Kariyapperuma is available Open Access in the Canadian Journal of Soil science.
Ensilage--a method traditionally used by farmers to turn grass into hay for winter animal feed--has potential to stop the seaweed rotting.
Because the herbicides typically target broadleaf plants such as wildflowers they are not as harmful to grasses Egan said.
In the study the researchers found grasses eventually dominated the field edge test site that was once a mix of broadleaf plants and grass.
Funded by the Grains Research & development Corporation Professor Oliver and his team in conjunction with independent research provider Kalyx Australia have demonstrated that by taking away disease-sensitivity genes from the wheat germplasm
David Roubik senior staff scientist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and colleagues developed the ability to identify pollen grains in honey in Panama
what they are seeing are soybean pollen grains said Roubik. They found that six honey samples from nine hives in the Campeche region contained soy pollen
But honey importers sometimes do no further analysis to match GMO pollen grains with their source.
so it is likely to originally have been transferred from the wild grass population to an early cultivated form of barley
This made contact with cultivated barley and wild grass more likely providing opportunities for the virus to'jump'into the crop.
In particular the diet emphasizes consumption of vegetables fruit legumes whole grains and fish. The potency of combining individual cardioprotective foods is substantial
and cream while increasing the amount of vegetables fruits whole grains nuts and fish promises to be more effective.
They often did not switch between grasses during feeding but instead consumed different plant species sequentially.
and labeling of foods rich in whole grains was born of the HEALTHGRAIN EU project the largest project ever focusing on cereals and health;
Variances however arise around the particular grains considered whole precise combination of the three components once processed
The HEALTHGRAIN definition addresses all three of these issues detailing a permitted list of grains
and pseudo grains (such as quinoa and amaranth) and processing guidelines that take into account current milling practices.
The need for developing a more comprehensive detailed whole grain definition was identified during the course of the HEALTHGRAIN EU project an initiative intended to increase the use of whole grains and their health protecting constituents in food products for improved nutrition and health benefits.
The expansive project has involved everything from research to better understand specific health benefits of whole grains to exploration of new ways to get products high in their healthy compounds onto the market.
The article with the complete HEALTHGRAIN definition including the permitted grains can be accessed in the current volume of Food and Nutrition Research (http://www. foodandnutritionresearch. net/index. php/fnr/article/view/22100.
and then domesticated Smithsonian scientists discovered that corn's ancestor a wild grass called teosinte may have looked very different then than it does today.
when in the Holocene teosinte became the plant very distinctive from maize in vegetative architecture
and use as the baseline for research on maize domestication said Piperno. When humans first began to cultivate teosinte about 10000 years ago it was probably more maize-like--naturally exhibiting some characteristics previously thought to result from human selection and domestication.
The environment may have played a significant if serendipitous role in the transition through inducing phenotypic plasticity that gave early farmers a head start.
and Orius insidiosus researchers used caterpillars that were known to be resistant to Bt proteins and fed them Bt maize and Bt cotton.
#First African study on biodiversity in genetically modified maize finds insects abundantprevious studies from China Spain
and the United states on genetically modified (GM) rice cotton and maize have concluded that the biodiversity of insects
The study is described in an article called Comparative Diversity of Arthropods on Bt Maize and Non-Bt Maize in two Different Cropping Systems in South africa
which appears in the February 2014 issue of Environmental Entomology. The aims of the study were to compile a checklist of arthropods that occur on maize in South africa
and to compare the diversity and abundance of arthropods and functional groups on Bt maize and non-Bt maize the authors wrote.
Results from this short-term study indicated that abundance and diversity of arthropods in maize and the different functional guilds were affected not significantly by Bt maize either in terms of diversity or abundance.
A total of 8771 arthropod individuals comprising 288 morphospecies were collected from 480 plants sampled from Bt maize and non-Bt maize fields over a two-year period.
The researchers found no significant differences in abundance or diversity in detritivores herbivores predators or parasitoids.
More recently surveys of arthropod and plant beta-diversity inside and adjacent to maize fields have been completed during
It seems that maize field diversity is homogenized and field margins had a high beta diversity he added.
Hoffmann explained that more rainfall in a savanna meant faster-growing grasses which meant any fires in that savanna would have ample fuel to spread quickly and easily.
#Better sweet corn research, better productionwhile grain yield is economically important in field corn production there are other metrics more important in sweet corn grown for processing said Marty Williams a USDA-ARS ecologist and University
Though field corn for grain production is harvested at physiological maturity sweet corn is harvested at the R3 stage (milk stage)
and grains where DDT is still being used and eating fish from contaminated waterways. In the Rutgers study conducted in coordination with Emory University Alzheimer's disease Research Center
In December the same committee granted approval for grass allergy tablets. Assuming the committee also approves the ragweed allergy tablets the FDA will then have to approve both the grass
and ragweed tablets before they can be made available to allergy sufferers. Currently the best treatment for those with moderate-to-severe allergy symptoms is allergy shots also known as immunotherapy.
Allergy shots can be customized to provide relief to multiple allergens including tree grass weed mold house dust dander and mold while offering the assurance of more than 100 years of experience in causing remission not just symptom
and livestock including rice maize soybean potato pigeonpea pig and sheep. BGI is continuing to make more progress for facing the challenges on food shortage
. â#oewe used high-resolution digital imaging techniques to map the surfaces of mineral grains and assess how they were broken down and weathered by the fungi associated with the roots of the trees. â#As reported in Biogeosciences the researchers found that low atmospheric CO2Â acts as a â#carbon starvationâ##brake.
and liked really short grass but we don't have that anymore. We found that it's going to these no-till fields where the herbaceous cover early in the year is not that thick
which lets kesterite grains grow within a few seconds and at relatively low temperatures. For this reaction they exploit a transition from a metastable wurtzite compound in the form of nanorods to the more stable kesterite compound.
in a few seconds Kesterite grains formed. The size of the grains was found to depend on the heating rate.
With fast heating they succeeded in producing a Kesterite thin film with near micrometer-sized crystal grains which could be used in thin film solar cells.
These findings have now been published in the journal Nature Communications. Grain formation during growth of kesterite solar cells observed in real-timeas starting material for the formation of the kesterite film serves a carpet of nanorods:
to a rapid formation of a thin film with large kesterite grains. It is interesting to see that the complete formation of the kesterite film is so fast says Mainz.
And the faster the samples are heated up the larger the grains grow. Mainz explains that at low heating rate the transition from wurtzite to kesterite starts at lower temperature at which many small grains form-instead of a few larger grains.
Additionally more defects are formed at lower temperatures. During fast heating the transition takes place at higher temperature at which grains with less defects form.
Moreover the comparison of the time-resolved evolution of the phase transition during slow and during fast heating shows that not only the grain growth is triggered by the phase transition
The tested their model by studying wheat and maize production in South africa. Under the direction of faculty members Michael Oppenheimer and David Wilcove both from the Wilson School's Program in Science Technology and Policy and with the help of visiting student research collaborator Lydie-Line
and maize are the dominant crops. Before determining how climate change could impact the crops the team first needed to determine which areas have been
or might be farmed for maize and wheat. They created a land-use model based on an area's potential crop output
To investigate any climate-change impacts the team then examined the production of wheat and maize under 36 different climate-response scenarios.
The importance of a season of regular rainthe effect of rainfall change on cotton yield also differs from that of crops such as maize sorghum and millet.
In the current issue of the Proceedings for the National Academy of Sciences Michigan State university researchers show that looking at the big picture allows other biofuel crops such as native perennial grasses to score higher
corn switchgrass and mixes of native prairie grasses and flowering plants. They measured the diversity of plants pest
In addition the team found that the grass crops'ability to harbor such increased biodiversity is linked strongly to the fields'location relative to other habitats.
For example pest suppression which is already higher in perennial grass crops increased by an additional 30 percent
when fields were located near other perennial grass habitats. This suggests that in order to enhance pest suppression
but with the exception of biomass yield all other services were greater in the perennial grass crops Landis said.
and whole grains are linked to reduced cancer risk. Limiting red meats and processed meats can lower your risk of colorectal cancer.
Eat vegetables fruits whole grains and lean meats to maintain a healthy weight. If you are looking for extra help in starting down the path of healthy eating visit eatright. org the website for the Academy of Nutrition
. 4 million years ago mainly ate tiger nuts (grass bulbs) supplemented with the odd grasshopper and worm.
Tiger nuts are edible grass bulbs still eaten in parts of the world today. The study published in the journal PLOS ONE also suggests that these early hominins may have sought additional nourishment from fruits and invertebrates like worms and grasshoppers.
Previous research using stable isotope analyses suggests the diet of these homimins was composed largely of C4 plants like grasses and sedges.
which suggests grasses and sedges. Yet these are not high quality foods. What this research tells us is that hominins were selective about the part of the grass that they ate choosing the grass bulbs at the base of the grass blade as the mainstay of their diet.'
'Tiger nuts still sold in health food shops as well as being used widely for grinding down and baking in many countries would be relatively easy to find.
and seeds lean meats and poultry low-fat dairy products vegetables fruits whole grains and legumes.
They theorize the pasture ecosystems rely on the diazotrophs more for nitrogen because of the continuous grazing from cattle requiring constant regrowth of grasses.
Poor livestock grazing management invasive species such as cheatgrass transmission lines energy development and subdivisions are all contributing to the loss of this vital resource.
as a result of grid development and that protecting unaltered landscapes from fragmentation by transmission lines roads crested wheatgrass plantings and the invasion of other nonnative vegetation is integral to stemming range expansion by ravens.
Even more remarkable is the microscopic image of pollen tubes growing out of two grains of pollen
They are preserved so rapidly after entering the resin that structures such as pollen grains and tubes can be detected with a microscope.
#Alternative to yogurtresearchers at the Universitat Politã cnica de Valã ncia have obtained new products fermented with probiotic bacteria from grains and nuts
and grains represent an alternative to animal milks and soy milk. They also have components of great nutritional value that can provide numerous health benefits for both consumer groups with specific problems (lactose intolerance allergic to cow's milk vegetarian...
Ellis says among the discoveries in the drains was an abundance of the remains of fully-processed foods especially grains.
and consumption habits of each property which were otherwise indistinguishable hospitality businesses says Ellis. Findings revealed foods that would have been inexpensive and widely available such as grains fruits nuts olives lentils local
Sribyatta â¢s materials include invasive species such as water hyacinth, liana and bamboo, and recyclable polyethylene.
Å Oh my God, this is the magical material--bamboo, rattan, water hyacinth --I â¢ve been looking for,
We use rattan, water hyacinth, bamboo and vine. We use recycled polyethylene and recycled aluminum. Last year we came out with this product that was in the works for a couple years
Basically it â¢s a board that â¢s made entirely out of grass or leaves and different types of debris. Say you cut your yard.
I could collect the grass and make a board out of it. My goal is to eliminate the use of plywood entirely;
and other hard-to-mow grasses on airport property. After just two days of testing the sheep â¢s weed-whacking abilities in a test acre lot near Atlanta's airport,
We still can't keep the grass alive and well-groomed. It's a travesty.
We've actually decided to switch to artificial grass. That's how much faith we have in our gardening skills.
not only must suburban schools keep acres of grass green for student activities and sports, they're also eternally cash-strapped.
If you let the grass grow, that will deter some birds, Dove said. But that may not work at another airfield.
You might have long grasses that attract mice and a bird that eats mice. You have to know how to manage it.
Percentage of Foods Wasted in U s. Fats and Oils (33%)Dairy (32%)Grains (32%)Eggs (31%)Sugar/caloric sweeteners (31%)Vegetables (25%)Fruit (23
and grasses would grow and take in carbon dioxide. During the winter organic materials such as grass roots, leaves and even animal bodies would freeze before they could decompose,
Ethanol industry hits speed bump Can grasses replace corn as ethanol crop of choice? Ethanol in gas:
perennial grainsperennial grains could be the biggest innovation since farming. Unlike annual crops, perennial grain crops don't need to be planted every year,
Perennial grains might be the game changer. Washington state University researchers predict perennial grains will be common by 2030.
In a statement: People talk about food security, said John Reganold, a Washington state University Regents professor of soil science.
Compared to annual grains, perennial grains have: longer growing seasons deeper roots (10 to 12 feet down) hold down topsoil reduce erosion build soil sequester carbon from the air reduce farm equipment maintenance requirements use less herbicide Will perennial grains really be the answer
to feeding our hungry planet? Perhaps. Not only are the perennial grains efficient, they can be bred easily from annual crops.
The perennial wheat breeding programs will mature, but the speed depends on how it's funded.
If the same emphasis is placed on breeding programs for perennial grains that is already in place for alternative fuel,
then perennial grains will fill our stomachs sooner than later. National geographic 2010 Emerging Explorer Jerry Glover of the Land Institute talks about perennial grains:
Related Content on Smartplanet: Will humans go extinct in 100 years? Update for clarification
The buildings are alive: in biology, designers and architects seek answerswhen a shimmering, 600-foot glass tower was erected in London in 2004,
it replaced a building that had been destroyed by a terrorist bombing. Yet the inspiration for the tower unique, missile-like design was not militaristic:
Furthermore, what's important is that you can process all kinds of available biomass--wood chips, switch grass, corn stover, rice husks, wheat straw ââ Â,
Jimmy red corn and chioggia beets grew up Brock's arms, maize with corn smut covered Stupak's side,
yacht navigation and historical property restoration before he discovered a passion for heirloom grains in the 1990s.
and pestle, winnowed the grains in an antique basket and cooked them over an open fire.
In this video, you can see Treebot inch its way up thin stalks of bamboo as well as trees with much thicker diameters.
which is why you will see companies like Dell--which is innovating with both bamboo
While bamboo might work as a cushion for some of its lighter products like netbooks,
Dell expands use of bamboo for internal cushioning Grow your own packaging, and why sustainability is behind Steelcase s IT overhaul Ecovative:
siphoning grains from the bowls of the poorest into the gas-tanks of the richest--with limited environmental gains, at best.
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