and new research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center is advancing the field when it comes to the most deadly types of breast cancer.
and destroy pre-malignant cells before they can become cancer said lead author Lance D. Miller Ph d. associate professor of cancer biology at Wake Forest Baptist.
For doctors like Bayard Powell M d. chief of hematology and oncology at Wake Forest Baptist's Comprehensive Cancer Center new drugs designed to enhance anti-tumor immune responses are beginning to play a major
At Wake Forest Baptist we are now fighting cancer with state-of-the-art therapies including immunotherapeutics Powell said.
Lash Ph d. all of Wake Forest Baptist; Srikanth Nagalla M d. M. S. Jefferson University Hospitals; Stephen J. Hamilton-Dutoit M d. Aarhus University Hospital Institute of Pathology Denmark;
The above story is provided based on materials by Wake Forest Baptist Medical center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
finds state-by-state analysisfrom New york city's Central park to Golden gate Park in San francisco America's urban forests store an estimated 708 million tons of carbon an environmental service with an estimated value
of $50 billion according to a recent U s. Forest Service study. Annual net carbon uptake by these trees is estimated at 21 million tons and $1. 5 billion in economic benefit.
In the study published recently in the journal Environmental Pollution Dave Nowak a research forester with the U s. Forest Service's Northern Research Station
With expanding urbanization city trees and forests are becoming increasingly important to sustain the health
and well-being of our environment and our communities said U s. Forest Service Chief Tom Tidwell.
and start thinking about ways they can help care for their own urban forests. Tens of thousands of people volunteered to plant
The Forest Service partners with organizations like the Arbor day Foundation and participates in programs like Tree City USA to recognize
and inspire cities in their efforts to improve their urban forests. Additionally the Forest Service is active in more than 7000 communities across the U s. helping them to better plan
and manage their urban forests. Nationally carbon storage by trees in forestlands was estimated at 22.3 billion tons in a 2008 Forest Service study;
additional carbon storage by urban trees bumps that to an estimated 22.7 billion tons. Carbon storage and sequestration rates vary among states based on the amount of urban tree cover and growing conditions.
States in forested regions typically have the highest percentage of urban tree cover. States with the greatest amount of carbon stored by trees in urban areas are Texas (49.8 million tons) Florida (47.3 million tons) Georgia (42.4 million tons) Massachusetts (39.6
and sequestration by U s. urban forests however it provides more refined statistical analyses for national carbon estimates that can be used to assess the actual and potential role of urban forests in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Last year Nowak and Eric Greenfield a forester with the Northern Research Station and another study co-author found that urban tree cover is declining nationwide at a rate of about 20000 acres per year or 4 million
Carbon Stored (tons) Total 708100000the mission of the U s. Forest Service is to sustain the health diversity
and productivity of the nation's forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations.
The agency has either a direct or indirect role in stewardship of about 80 percent of our nation's forests;
850 million acres including 100 million acres of urban forests where most Americans live. The mission of the Forest Service's Northern Research Station is to improve people's lives
and help sustain the natural resources in the Northeast and Midwest through leading-edge science and effective information delivery.
The above story is provided based on materials by USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Ray W. Daniel a biomedical engineering graduate student and Stefan M. Duma professor and head of the Virginia Tech--Wake Forest School of Biomedical engineering published today online ahead of print in the Journal
#As climate changes, boreal forests to shift north and relinquish more carbon than expectedit's difficult to imagine how a degree
Boreal forests will likely shift north at a steady clip this century. Along the way the vegetation will relinquish more trapped carbon than most current climate models predict.
Scientists use incredibly complex computer simulations called Earth system models to predict the interactions between climate change and ecosystems such as boreal forests.
The planet's boreal forests won't expand poleward. Instead they'll shift poleward. The difference lies in the prediction that as boreal ecosystems follow the warming climate northward their southern boundaries will be overtaken by even warmer
Grassland stores a lot of carbon in its soil but it accumulates at a much slower rate than is lost from diminishing forests.
In some places that will be forest but in other places it will be grassland says Charles Koven a scientist in Berkeley Lab's Earth sciences Division who conducted the research.
By the end of this century a forest near Alberta Canada will have to move 100 miles north
Forests can't adapt this quickly however meaning that in the short-term they'll be stressed.
Only one of the Earth system models shows this precipitous loss of carbon in southern boreal forests.
But this approach misses the fact that the whole forest might shift to a different place says Koven.
A genetic resource for cultivated plantsa symbol of Saharan mountain ecosystems the Laperrine's olive tree is a source of wood for local populations.
and forest structure but these two innovative studies slated to publish in upcoming editions of the Journal of Herpetology
The Chicago Wilderness 2004 Woodland Audit found that in the Chicagoland area alone more than 26 million stems of European buckthorn exist with a density of 558 stems per acre.
Additionally new research from the zoo's Urban Wildlife Institute reveals how the presence of the invasive shrub in forest preserves and natural areas correlates to increased prevalence of carnivores.
In some areas like Lake County Forest Preserve District where Sacerdote-Velat works regularly ecologists and land managers have been committed to removing buckthorn from the area.
The above story is provided based on materials by Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Note:
#In the Northeast, forests with entirely native flora are not the normtwo-thirds of all forest inventory plots in the Northeast
and Midwestern United states contain at least one nonnative plant species a new U s. Forest Service study found.
We found two-thirds of more than 1300 plots from our annual forest inventory had introduced at least one species
By describing forest stands with few or no introduced species we help managers focus on areas where early detection
Schulz and her colleague Andrew Gray a research forester at the station analyzed data gathered by the Northern Research Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program
which collects and reports statistics on the condition of forests in a 24-state region as part of its regular surveys.
The above story is provided based on materials by USDA Forest Service-Pacific Northwest Research Station. Note:
Scientists at Wake Forest Baptist Medical center have discovered the biological mechanism involved in this process which could point the way to potential therapies.
The Wake Forest Baptist researchers proved that pericytes stem cells associated with blood vessels contain two sub-types with completely different roles:
while Type 2 helps in forming muscle said Osvaldo Delbono M d. Ph d. professor of internal medicine at Wake Forest Baptist and senior author of the study.
Funding for the study was provided by a PUSH grant from the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center
Co-authors are Tan Zhang Ph d. Zhong-Min Wang M. S. Maria Laura Messi M. S. and Akiva Mintz M d Ph d. of Wake Forest Baptist
The above story is provided based on materials by Wake Forest Baptist Medical center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
The white-lipped peccary is sized a medium animal that occurs in both humid tropical forests as well as open savanna and wetland habitats throughout Central and South america.
Additionally white-lipped peccaries are considered an environmental indicator of a well-preserved forest. The white-lipped peccary is listed as Near Threatenedon the IUCN's Red List
For centuries it was a mystery how seeds some long dormant in the soil knew to push through the ashes to regenerate the burned forest.
In addition to explaining how fires lead to regeneration of forests and grasslands their findings may aid in the development of plant varieties that help maintain
Noel's co-senior investigator on the project Joanne Chory professor and director of Salk's Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology laboratory says the team found the molecular wake-up call for burned forests.
The U s. park service actively suppressed forest fires until they realized that the practice left the soil of mature forests lacking important minerals and chemicals.
This created an intensely competitive environment that was ultimately detrimental to the entire forest ecosystem.
and remain in the soil after the fire ensuring the forest will regenerate. The Salk scientists'new study sought to uncover exactly how karrikins stimulate new plant growth.
and how plant ecosystems forests and grasslands renew themselves. The work was supported by the National institutes of health grants 5r01gm52413 and GM094428 National Science Foundation awards EEC-0813570 and MCB-0645794 and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering and a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science chemistry and chemical and biomolecular engineering;
'In his inaugural address entitled'Crop ecosystems as diverse playing fields'Professor Niels Anten discusses the parallel development of two fields the ecology of natural systems such as forests and the ecology of agriculture.
and Dentistry of New jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical school may help clarify how hypertension develops and progresses in certain individuals
associate dean for cardiovascular research and director of The Cardiovascular Institute of Robert Wood Johnson Medical school.
and research fellow in medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiology Division alumnus of Robert Wood Johnson Medical school
and Yingzi Deng MD MS from The Cardiovascular Institute of New jersey part of UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical school.
Wake Forest School of medicine; The Johns hopkins university School of medicine; and Welch Center for Prevention Epidemiology and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins Medical institutions also contributed to the study.
The above story is provided based on materials by Robert Wood Johnson Medical school. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length n
and caterpillar peak in the woods will keep growing and so will the impact following the temporary rescue
Yet a new study in an important tropical zone--the fast-changing southern Amazon a region marked by widespread replacement of native forest by cattle ranches
The regional focus of this issue allows for a deep assessment of the complex ecological and social changes related to agricultural transformation of a tropical forest environment.
Typically after a forest is cut downabout four times more surface water runs off into small streams because of reduced evaporation to the atmosphere.
Finally the study showed that the agricultural streams were warmer than the forested streams caused both by a reduction in bordering forest
#Scientists reveals escalating cost of forest conservationresearchers illustrate how changes to farming could dramatically increase future costs of conservation.
Financial incentives for conservation Incentives are being leveraged in dozens of tropical developing countries to conserve forests to protect biodiversity
The researchers modeled conservation payments necessary to protect forests in the Democratic Republic of congo (DRC) which has some of the largest remaining forests in the world.
They found that a new agricultural intensification and conservation programme could double or triple cassava and maize yields by introducing disease-resistant plant varieties increasing fertilizer use
However the researchers highlight how those higher yields and incomes will also increase financial incentives for farmers to clear more forest for agriculture.
As a result financial incentives to encourage farmers to protect forests and not expand agriculture would need to escalate as well.
They expect farmers who were once willing to protect forests for a comparative pittance could in a matter of years demand more for their conservation actions Small-scale farmers might also be displaced by larger commercial ventures as farming becomes more lucrative
while the current costs of forest conservation in many countries are very low future changes in agricultural practices could radically increase the cost of conservation.
and first author of the study Our research suggests that as agriculture becomes more intensive the small payments successful at incentivising forest conservation today could increase to well beyond what is considered economically efficient or even feasible.
This is the main conclusion of a study published in the'European Journal of Wildlife Research'by a team of researchers from the AF4 group from the School of Forest Engineering at the University of Vigo.
The study by researchers from Cambridge the Wildlife Conservation Society and CONAF the Chilean national forestry commission is released today in the journal Oryx published by conservation charity Fauna and Flora International.
#Escalating cost of forest conservationin the face of unprecedented deforestation and biodiversity loss policy makers are increasingly using financial incentives to encourage conservation.
Financial incentives for conservationincentives are being levereged in dozens of tropical developing countries to conserve forests to protect biodiversity
The researchers modeled conservation payments necessary to protect forests in the Democratic Republic of congo (DRC) which has some of the largest remaining forests in the world.
They found that a new agricultural intensification and conservation programme could double or triple cassava and maize yields by introducing disease-resistant plant varieties increasing fertilizer use
However the researchers highlight how those higher yields and incomes will also increase financial incentives for farmers to clear more forest for agriculture.
As a result financial incentives to encourage farmers to protect forests and not expand agriculture would need to escalate as well.
They expect farmers who were once willing to protect forests for a comparative pittance could in a matter of years demand more for their conservation actions.
while the current costs of forest conservation in many countries are very low future changes in agricultural practices could radically increase the cost of conservation.
and first author of the study#oeour research suggests that as agriculture becomes more intensive the small payments successful at incentivising forest conservation today could increase to well beyond what is considered economically efficient or even feasible.
in order to find fruit in the rain forest. The result: Chimpanzees know that trees of certain species produce fruit simultaneously
but they also do things that help remove these gases from the atmosphere--for example planting more forests
purificationuniversity of Cincinnati research at the ancient Maya site of Medicinal Trail in northwestern Belize is revealing how populations in more remote areas--the hinterland societies--built reservoirs to conserve water
Jeffrey Brewer a doctoral student in the University of Cincinnati's Department of Geography will present his findings on April 11 at the Association of American Geographers'annual meeting in Los angeles. Brewer's research titled Hinterland Hydrology:
They also controlled the vegetation directly around these reservoirs at this hinterland settlement says Brewer.
Brewer says he also wants to continue exploring the construction and management of these hinterland water systems and if possible gain a better understanding of
Cows horses and termites can digest the cellulose in grass hay and wood. Most cellulose consists of wood fibers and cell wall remains.
A paper detailing their newly created sequencing of the mountain pine beetle's (MPB) genome will be gold in the hands of scientists trying to stem the beetle's invasion into eastern forests.
We know a lot about how beetle infestations can devastate forests just as the mountain pine beetle has been doing to B c.'s lodgepole pines says Christopher Keeling the paper's lead author.
and as they head into jack pine forests where the defensive compounds may be different this variation could allow them to be more successful in new environments explains Keeling.
Eastern Canadians are bracing for the B c. MPB's threat to appear in Ontario Quebec and Maritime forests during the next two decades.
It is becoming the scourge of Alberta's forests and is headed for Saskatchewan. The MPB genome allows us to examine the population differences for beetles at various parts of an outbreak.
and by doing this they are undermining their efforts to protect the same forest said Karstensen.
and changes to the Brazilian Forest Code it seems unlikely that Brazilian deforestation rates will continue to decrease at the current rate without strengthening measures to protect the forests said co-author Robbie Andrew.
and the tops of forests making it valuable for studying cloud-covered tropical environments and mapping flooded ecosystems.
The data will be used to evaluate how much carbon the forests contain and assess their vulnerability to human and natural disturbances.
and wetlands and terrestrial ecosystems including forests and soils negatively impacting ecological health. Researchers have used now publicly accessible data collected weekly
and preservation efforts in about eight square miles of the adjacent Kaibab National Forest managed by the U s. Forest Service and the Department of agriculture.
However that is not the case in his study area in the Kaibab National Forest. He explained that a number of factors work in favor of preservation
The forest's environmental and archaeological sites are vulnerable for a number of reasons. These includefor instance Washam's research points to one woodcutting area of the forest that encompassed 30 acres of felled trees in 2006.
In 2012 that same area encompassed 65 acres of felled trees. Almost half of that increase took place in the last two years.
If you're a land manager trying to assess the potential of forests to offset carbon emissions
and predict the amount of aboveground carbon accumulating in a forest the details of soil-carbon accounting have been a bit fuzzy.
and other industrial processes former agricultural lands and native grasslands where forests have encroached. U-M ecologist Luke Nave and his colleagues found that in general growing trees on formerly nonforested land increases soil carbon.
These forest soils represent a significant carbon reservoir that is helping to offset carbon emissions that lead to climate change said Nave lead author of the paper.
Most of the organic carbon in forest soils comes from the growth and death of roots and their associated fungi he said.
Co-authors of the Soil science Society of America Journal article are Chris Swanston of the U s. Forest Service Umakant Mishra of the Argonne National Laboratory and Knute Nadelhoffer director of the U-M
The work was supported by the U s. Forest Service and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture Story Source:
#Decimation of critically endangered forest elephant detailedafrican forest elephants are being poached out of existence. A study just published in the online journal PLOS ONE and supported in part by San diego Zoo Global shows that a staggering 62%of all forest elephants have been killed across their range in Central africa for their ivory over the past decade.
The severe decline indicates what researchers fear is the imminent extinction of this species. Saving the species requires a coordinated global effort in the countries where elephants occur all along the ivory smuggling routes and at the final destination in the Far east.
The study--the largest ever conducted on the African forest elephant--includes the work of more than 60 scientists between 2002 and 2011
and the Republic of congo) walking over 13000 kilometers (more than 8000 miles) and recording over 11000 elephant dung piles for the analysis. The paper also shows that almost a third of the land where African forest elephants were able to live 10 years
Results show clearly that forest elephants were increasingly uncommon in places with high human density high infrastructure density such as roads high hunting intensity
and really highlights the plight of this ecologically important species. Forest elephants are integral to a functioning forest in Africa opening up the forest floor
We have increasing evidence of a decline in certain tree species as a result of the local extinction of forest elephants.
Distinct from the African savanna elephant the African forest elephant is slightly smaller than its better-known relative
and conflicts with domestic livestock contributed to the bear's local extinction in the Great Basin landscape changes due to clear-cutting of forests throughout western and central Nevada during the mining booms of the late 1800s played an important role as well.
But as fossil fuels replaced timber as a heat and energy source forestry and grazing practices evolved
and reforestation and habitat regeneration occurred in parts of the their former range the bears rebounded.
Using the information gathered in their review of historic documents the scientists mapped the distribution of black bears within the interior of Nevada during the 1800s and early 1900s.
Darren C. Greenwood Ph d.;Charlotte E. L. Evans Ph d.;Christine L. Cleghorn M. Sc.;Camilla Nykjaer M. Sc.;
since current urban warming is similar in magnitude to the higher temperatures predicted by global warming in the next fifty years their results may indicate potential changes in pest abundance as natural forests also grow warmer.
In Biomaterials a team from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center's Institute for Regenerative Medicine report that in the laboratory setting engineered ovaries showed sustained release of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.
and section head of reproductive medicine at Wake Forest Baptist. The graft format would bring certain advantages:
The Wake Forest Baptist team isolated the two types of endocrine cells found in ovaries (theca and granulosa) from 21-day-old rats.
Forest Baptist and Justin M. Saul Ph d. a former Wake Forest Baptist researcher now at Miami University.
The above story is provided based on materials by Wake Forest Baptist Medical center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
However cellulose nanomaterials made from wood are green renewable and sustainable. The substrates have a low surface roughness of only about two nanometers.
The nation's forest product industry projects that tens of millions of tons of them could be produced once large-scale production begins potentially in the next five years.
N00014-04-1-0313)( T. K. B. K.)and the U s. Department of agriculture-Forest Service (Grant No. 12-JV-11111122-098.
Funding for CNC substrate processing was provided by USDA-Forest Service (Grant No. 11-JV-11111129-118)( R. J. M. J. P. Y. J. L
.).The authors thank Rick Reiner and Alan Rudie from the U s. Forest Service-Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for providing CNC materials.
or Microcebus marohita after the forest where it was found. In Malagasy the word marohita means many views.
During a 2012 return trip to the forest where the Marohita mouse lemur lives Rasoloarison discovered that much of the lemur's forest home had been cleared since his first visit in 2003.
and slash and burn agriculture have taken their toll on the forests where these tree-dwelling primates live.
Only 10 percent of Madagascar's original forests remain today which makes lemurs the most endangered mammals in the world according to the IUCN.
#Research provides clues to alcohol addiction vulnerabilitya Wake Forest Baptist Medical center team studying alcohol addiction has new research that might shed light on why some drinkers are more susceptible to addiction than others.
Jeff Weiner Ph d. professor of physiology and pharmacology at Wake Forest Baptist and colleagues used an animal model to look at the early stages of the addiction process
and Vulnerability to Alcohol addiction project at Wake Forest Baptist said the study protocol was developed by the first author of the paper Karina Abrahao a graduate student visiting from the collaborative lab of Sougza-Formigoni Ph d of the Department
Olusegun Ariwodola Tracy Butler Andrew Rau Mary jane Skelly Eugenia Carter Nancy Alexander and Brian Mccool all of Wake Forest Baptist and Maria Lucia
The above story is provided based on materials by Wake Forest Baptist Medical center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and streams are a scenic and much loved feature of forest ecosystems but long-term data at the U s. Forest Service's Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest suggests that more productive forests might carry considerably less water according to a study published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Mark Green a research hydrologist with the Forest Service's Northern Research Station and an assistant professor at Plymouth State university is the lead author for the study titled Decreased Water Flowing from a Forest Amended with Calcium Silicate.
Acid rain during the 20th century caused widespread depletion of available soil calcium an essential plant nutrient throughout much of the industrialized world.
In 1999 scientists at the Forest Service's Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New hampshire restored soil calcium levels to preindustrial levels in a small watershed in an effort
to better understand the ecological consequences of the depletion of available soil calcium. Subsequent studies demonstrated that following the application of a finely ground
within 5 months of the application of wollastonite across a 30-acre watershed there was a substantial increase in forest water use compared to a nearby watershed that was treated not with calcium.
when we create a substantial increase in soil calcium this forest responded by using more water partly associated with increased growth.
The result is that we see a change in forest hydrology Green said. We still have to determine
and thus greater streamflow and if that means that when forests recover from acid deposition we'll see a decrease in water flowing in streams.
As the need for carbon sequestration biofuels and other forest products increases the study suggests that there might be unintended consequences to enhancing ecosystems using fertilization.
and sustainability of the nation's forests said Michael T. Rains Director of the Northern Research Station.
With a network of more than 80 experimental forests located across the country and decades of monitoring data from this network the Forest Service is contributing invaluable information about forest conditions along a complex rural to urban land gradient as well as discovering other trends through a wide-range
of ongoing critical research topics. Co-authors include NRS researchers Amey Bailey Scott Bailey John Campbell
The above story is provided based on materials by USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
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