Every piece of usable timber walnut red and white oak and pine had been removed from this land and sold to the lumber market.
For my photography a few scrub brushes and badly damaged trees needed be cut down and removed from the scene to prevent them from ruining my amazing photo op
. I would never damage a healthy tree. With this cleaning up of my locations finished I placed a set of markers on the ground
Researchers found that this fermented maguey sap may have been stored in distinctive vaselike pottery vessels that were sealed with pine resin as well as in other less-specialized vessels.
and they make it possible for researchers to look below tree cover. Lidar has increasingly been used in archaeology of late with researchers aided by the technology finding the ancient capital of the Khmer Empire Angkor was even more massive than previously thought.
Pine Island Glacier accounts for about 20 percent of the total ice flow on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet an amalgam of glaciers that covers roughly 800000 square miles (2 million square kilometers)
Many researchers think that given the size of Pine Island Glacier its demise could have a domino effect on surrounding glaciers
Antarctic's Pine Island Glacier Cracks The glacier is not only massive but also one of the least stable of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet ice flows.
while still limited provide the best estimates yet of the future behavior of Pine Island Glacier they say.
Uncertainties remain Eric Steig a glacial geologist at the University of Washington who also studies Pine Island Glacier
Last month Steig and colleagues published a paper in the journal Science reporting that Pine Island Glacier's retreat slowed significantly in 2012 due to oceanographic changes related to La Niã a
Babies still in the womb cannot have a pacemaker study researcher Dr. Eugenio Cingolani director of the Cardiogenetics-Familial Arrhythmia Clinic at Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los angeles said in a statement.
n director of the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute said in news conference about the findings. The newly created node then takes over as a functional pacemaker bypassing the need for implanted electronics and hardware.
Most of the slow-growing trees and shrubs munched by dinosaurs are minor players in modern forests
and trees excluding conifers like spruce and pine. The dinosaur-era angiosperms included ancient relatives of holly rhododendrons and sandalwood.
Other plants in the ancient forests included beeches cycads gingkoes ferns and palm trees. See Photos of a Fossilized Forest in the Canadian Arctic Fossil records show that angiosperms of all kinds thrived before a meteorite
or asteroid crashed into Earth 66 million years ago. That stupendous blast charred vast woodlands that had grown from Canada to New mexico.
If you find coffee too bitter for your tastes you may be a supertaster. You may be thinner
The problem is that unlike coffee grapes cereals and tea which can be subject to existing methods of genetic testing to verify their origins cacao has been a tougher nut to crack.
Zhang and colleagues successfully identified the location of the type of cacao trees grown in the Cajamarca Province of Peru as compared to the kind of cacao grown in other parts of Peru Brazil Trinidad and Ecuador.
It s not the apple tree. Most of the fungus grows below the ground in a vast network of root-like tubes called hyphae.
which is the amount found in one 12-ounce cup of coffee is considered generally safe during pregnancy according to a 2010 ACOG committee opinion which was reaffirmed in 2013.
and leaves they also eat locusts lizards snakes and rodents according to the San diego Zoo. They also eat sand
#19 New Swift & Clever Praying mantises Discovered Swift deadly hunters lurk in the trees many camouflaged to look like lichen or bark.
despite the fact that this tree was hardly the most common species in the area representing just 9. 6 percent of the local arboreal population.
C. alexandri is known locally as ironwood because it is dense and resilient properties that make it a popular construction material.
but also had the greatest bending strength of the seven trees most commonly used by the apes.
Ugandan ironwood may have other advantages too. With its small densely packed leaves branches of the tree may be more insulating
and more comfortable to sleep on than the branches of other local tree species which can have sparse protruding stems.
Ugandan ironwood might even keep bugs at bay. In a study published last year in the journal Primates Samson and Hunt found that mosquitos were less likely to congregate around C. alexandri
which is thought to have repellant properties. The results suggest that chimpanzees might consider several physical traits of trees
when choosing their bedding including stiffness strength and leaf surface area and that they select species that provide the widest range of advantages including predator avoidance postural stability thermoregulation
It's green coffee extract Oz said about the supplement during an episode that aired in 2012.
Garcinia cambogia extract: Garcinia cambogia is a small tasty fruit native to Southeast asia and was featured in Oz's The Newest Fastest Fat Busters episode.
The extract contains a compound called hydroxycitric acid (HCA) that is touted for weight loss but studies have produced mixed results.
What can a simple unadorned photograph of a tree teach people about a heady concept like deep time or year zero?
and take photos of trees during thunderstorms she remembered. An undergraduate interest in philosophy added another dimension to her interests.
Days away from deciding to fly home early she found herself on a remote Japanese island photographing a 7000-year-old tree.
since her all over the world to photograph everything from 3000-year-old lichen to a 9550-year-old spruce to an 80000-year-old colony of aspen trees.
which is that several different people had told me about this tree. It's called JÅ mon Sugi.
It lives on this remote island. They said If you're interested in nature you have to go visit this tree.
It's 7000 years old. And I was intrigued. And so I had one of those moments where
It was no small undertaking to get to this tree. First I had to get to the southernmost point of Kyushu an island of Japan so
And then it's a two-day hike to get to the tree. So I was committed really.
and they guided me to the tree. People want to hear the story of Oh I saw this tree
and then I got the idea but that's not actually what happened. Obviously this experience and seeing the tree had a profound effect on
me but it was over a year later that I got the actual idea for the Oldest Living things.
I'm familiar with the Welwitschia plant or the Welwitschia is something you've never seen before
and it's this wild-looking thing in a harsh desert and that's expanded your experience of
and say Wow this spruce tree has been living on this mountainside for 9500 years and in the past 50 got this spindly trunk in the center
I getting scientists contacting me saying things like Hey why isn't our tree in your project?
and say Oh that's an interesting tree and leave it at that. But the more time you spend with it the more rewarded
#Nearly 600 Years of Tree Rings Show Altered Ocean Habitat Ocean currents that deliver important nutrients to shallow coastal waters have become weaker and more variable over the last half-century
tree rings. Coastal upwelling happens when winter winds lift deep nutrient-rich waters up to the shallow layers of the sea.
This causes drought and stunts the growth of trees. Blue oak trees along the California coast are particularly sensitive to winter precipitation Bryan Black assistant professor of marine science at the University of Texas at Austin told Live Science.
Trees grow a new ring every year. By looking at a cross-section cut through the bark of a tree scientists can count up the rings
and determine a tree's age. Differences in the ring sizes reveal good seasons and bad seasons with a thick ring signaling that the tree had a good growing season.
The researchers found an inverse relationship between tree growth and the well-being of the marine ecosystem Black explained.
The winters we see robust growth in the trees we see poor growth in the marine ecosystem Black said.
Coastal upwelling happens during the winter when a strong high-pressure weather system develops along the west coast of the continent.
The system spins clockwise and brings in winds from the north. That spin combines with the rotation of the Earth to move the waters off shore
and stir up clouds of nutrients. Phytoplankton at the surface rely on this seasonal influx of nutrients.
By studying tree-ring patterns however researchers can piece together a much longer record of how coastal upwelling has changed.
By comparing the tree-ring data to the fish and seabird statistics the researchers found that years with weak upwelling
and lots of tree growth correlated with years when fish and seabird populations suffered. Based on tree ring measurements taken by David Stahle a tree ring expert
and professor of geoscience at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville the team found that four out of the 10 weakest upwelling years in the past 600 years occurred after 1950.
and beverages including coffee red wine black tea colas dark sauces and various fruits such as grapes blueberries and pomegranates have the greatest potential to stain teeth.
#Trouble Brewing for Coffee Crop, Thanks to Fungus The U s. government leading scientists from around the world and a multibillion-dollar industry are teaming up to fight one of the biggest threats modern civilization has faced ever.
or climate change they're battling it's coffee rust a microscopic fungus that's wreaking havoc on coffee crops in Central america.
Specifically the pest is attacking arabica coffee trees (Coffea arabica) that produce the high-end superior brews favored by cappuccino drinkers worldwide.
which once produced much of the world's best coffee. 10 Things You Need to Know About Coffee We don't see an end in sight anytime soon Leonardo Lombardini of World Coffee Research a scientific endeavor of Texas A&m University
told the Associated press. In conjunction with the U s. Agency for International Development (USAID) World Coffee Research is embarking on a $5 million research initiative to combat coffee rust.
What is coffee rust? Also known as coffee leaf rust or Hemileia vastatrix the fungus spreads easily through the air on spores.
Once it infests a tree it's virtually impossible to contain though some strict quarantine efforts have proven effective at minimizing the spread of the fungus.
Coffee rust produces small yellowish spots on the underside of coffee leaves; these eventually turn a rusty reddish-brown color.
Leaves affected by coffee rust will eventually fall off leaving the trees almost bare. Within a few years the tree will die if untreated.
In some areas coffee plantations have moved to higher altitudes where the fungus has difficulty reproducing.
There are chemical fungicides particularly copper-based fungicides such as copper oxychloride that can be used effective when during the rainy season (the fungus spreads best in rainy weather).
First discovered in East Africa in the 1800s coffee rust has a nasty legacy. It virtually wiped out the coffee industry in much of Asia:
The Philippines Indonesia and Sri lanka were particularly hard-hit and those countries no longer produce coffee in significant amounts.
The fungus has now spread around the world and has been reported in Brazil Costa rica Panama Honduras and El salvador.
In 2013 Guatemala declared a state of emergency over the devastation wrought by coffee rust.
Coffee or (other) drugs In Central america the dry season of 2011-2012 was unusually wet allowing coffee rust to spread unfettered according to the BBC.
And the fungus has mutated now to a form that can thrive at higher altitudes placing those coffee plantations at risk.
In a $100 billion industry that employs some 25 million workers worldwide according to Business Insider this is nothing less than a crisis. The current coffee-rust outbreak is the worst in Latin america's history USAID said in a statement.
It is estimated that production will fall by as much as 15 to 40 percent in the coming years.
because small growers and seasonal workers in places hard-hit by coffee rust are expected to turn to other sources of income namely cocaine and other illegal narcotics.
To keep other jaguars at bay they mark their territory with urine or by marking trees with their claws.
Jaguars will only eat their prey after dragging into the trees even if the trees are quite a distance away.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources'Red List the jaguar is threatened near due to poaching and the destruction of the rainforest.
because it is easier for them to blend into the dark shadows of the trees.
When Climbing Trees Some snakes seem to be little scaredy-cats as new research finds
when climbing trees they hold on for dear life. The study researchers found snakes use a much greater force to grip tree trunks
For example numerous mammals use their claws to cling to trees while some lizards and tree frogs simply adhere to surfaces using specialized toe pads
Next they measured the forces that 10 snakes from five species boa constrictors brown tree snakes carpet pythons green tree pythons
Watch a Carpet Python Climb a Tree While Gripping Tightly This calculation involved placing the snakes on a flat board covered with the textured tape
How Snakes Climb up Trees The vast majority of time the safety factor was between 2. 5 and 5 Byrnes said.
and the caches were just a pile of ashes. Consider a spherical mammal Pikas live in crevices on relatively bare rocky slopes called talus
The trees and shrubs surrounding the Pinnacle Ridge talus slope were burned 100 percent meaning a high-temperature fire
In the years since the fire Varner has followed up to see how the loss of tree canopy affects the temperature of the talus slopes
Test Reveals Hidden Coffee Ingredients Cream and sugar may not be the only additives in your morning cup of coffee.
Tough growing conditions and rising demand are leading some coffee producers to mix in wheat soybean brown sugar rye barley acai seeds corn twigs and even dirt.
The filler ingredients are natural and don't pose any immediate health risks for most people.
and a batch with unwanted ingredients. 10 Things You Need to Know About Coffee Coffee shortage According to a 2013 report from the National Coffee Association 83 percent of Americans drink coffee up from 78
The health benefits of coffee are still unclear. As the demand for coffee increases high temperatures drought and a plant disease known as coffee rust are devastating Arabica coffee trees (Coffee arabica)
which produce one of the most popular kinds of coffee bean and are grown in high-altitude farms in Central and South america.
Brazil the world's leading producer of coffee usually cranks out about 55 million 132-lb. bags (60-kilogram bags) each year.
But a devastating drought that hit the country in January and lasted through March means Brazilian coffee growers may produce about 10 million fewer bags this year according to the International Coffee Report issued by Informa Agra
Inc. The 10-million-bag difference translates to about 42 billion cups of coffee lost.
and coffee lovers should start hoarding coffee beans. Producers will likely be able to keep up with the growing demand
but they may have to rely more on lower-quality coffee Gleidson Patto a coffee cost analyst for Pinhalense
which makes equipment for farmers told National geographic News. These trends will eventually drive up the price of coffee
and are already encouraging coffee counterfeiting experts say as fillers can make supplies of pure ground coffee last longer and boost profits.
Less coffee makes prices rise Nixdorf told Live Science. You pay for coffee but you aren't really getting coffee.
That's the problem. How to spot coffee fraud Right now one way to detect counterfeit coffee is to put the grounds under a microscope
and try to spot the filler ingredients Nixdorf said. But after roasting and grinding the beans it becomes impossible to spot any twigs berries
or even dirt that blend in with the dark grounds. Nixdorf said it is common for Brazilian growers to produce very dark roasts so the filler ingredients blend in better.
For example coffee grounds mixed with corn will produce sweeter tasting coffee but the subtle flavor change can be hard to detect Nixdorf said.
Nixdorf invented a new test that analyzes the chemical composition of coffee. She uses liquid chromatography a process that creates a unique fingerprint stain for each ingredient.
First brewed coffee is sent through a pressurized pump. The coffee passes through a special paper filter.
Each ingredient in the coffee will interact differently with the filter and will flow through it at different rates.
The ingredients are separated out by the length and color of the stain they leave behind. The filler ingredients have different sugar levels than the natural compounds in coffee
and they leave behind distinct stains. Nixdorf said the test can tell if filler ingredients are mixed into coffee grounds with 95 percent accuracy.
For now the chromatography test can be done only in a lab. Nixdorf recommended that consumers stick to whole-bean coffee
The bears like to feast on high-protein seeds from whitebark pine cones in the fall to fatten up before hibernation time
but the tree is being ravaged by the mountain pine beetle which develops faster and survives winter more easily thanks to warmer temperatures.
and they aren't the whitebark pine's only problem. The trees also have been suffering from white pine blister rust a disease accidentally introduced via imported seedlings nearly a century ago
and fire pattern changes have enabled other tree species to invade their territory. But during the last 10 years beetle outbreaks have intensified.
According to a 2012 U s. Forest Service study they are occurring more rapidly and dramatically than imagined a decade ago.
Since my last visit the Forest Service estimates the beetle has killed more than 4. 5 million whitebark pine trees in Montana alone.
and Wildlife Service (FWS) to determine in 2011 that the whitebark pine is in imminent risk of extinction due to among other things global warming the first time the federal government identified climate change as a contributing factor in a tree species
Budgetary constraints and more pressing agency priorities however have kept the tree off the endangered species list.
Two years later however a federal district court in Montana put them back on citing concerns about the whitebark pine.
and the aforementioned pine beetle and warned that the consequences of doing nothing to curb carbon emissions would be dire indeed.
and ranchers and dead trees don't do much to enhance the hiking experience. Montana lawmakers poised to halt progress Six
but West Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier one of the continent's fastest-changing ice streams looks to be recreating 8000-year-old history as it melts away a new study suggests.
Melting from Pine Island Glacier contributes 25 percent of Antarctica's total ice loss. Scientists think the shrinking glacier could raise global sea level by up to 0. 4 inches (10 millimeters) in the next few decades.
Since the 1990s Pine Island Glacier has thinned by about 5 feet (1. 6 meters) per year
The history recorded by the rocks shows Pine Island Glacier's surface started dropping 3. 3 feet (1 m) per year about 8000 years ago the study reports.
Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Our results show that rapid thinning was sustained for at least 25 years
The likely culprit for Pine Island Glacier's disappearing ice is the same in both the past and the present:
Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf spawned a massive iceberg in 2013 which was part of its natural cycle of ice breaking.
Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Is Rifting Before Pine Island Glacier starting shrinking about 8000 years ago there was a large ice shelf in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.
which provide the first detailed look at Pine Island Glacier's history of surface thinning offer valuable information about past ice sheet behavior said Claire Todd a glacial geologist at Pacific Lutheran
Understanding how Pine Island Glacier changed in the past will help ice sheet modelers better predict how Antarctica will respond to future climate change
Understanding how Pine Island Glacier behaved in the past gives us more of an idea of how it is likely to behave in the future.
As flaming balls of lava and ash rain down on the streets of Pompeii the renegade gladiator Milo gallops on horseback after a chariot ridden by his beloved Cassia who has been kidnapped by an evil Roman senator.
the eruption of Mount vesuvius in A d. 79 which entombed the city and its residents in mammoth mounds of volcanic ash.
Cassia (Emily Browning) and their struggle to escape a villainous Roman senator (Kiefer Sutherland) amid the devastation of Pompeii.
Eruption of Vesuvius The eruption of Mount vesuvius buried Pompeii Herculaneum and other surrounding cities in 13 to 20 feet (4 to 6 meters) of volcanic ash.
and the pyroclastic flows of hot ash and gas that buried the city and its residents according to Rosaly Lopes a volcanologist at NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena Calif. Lopes was not a consultant on the film.)
and then ash flows quite well Lopes told Live Science. It wasn't like suddenly it went bang
But now these trees won't fall without a sound. A new map and website called Global Forest Watch provides the first near-real-time look at the planet's forests using a combination of satellite data
Trying to trace these ingredients to their source proved incredibly difficult said Duncan Pollard the company's head of stakeholder engagement in sustainability.
Marahouã National park in CÃ'te d'Ivoire in Africa shows up completely pink on the map view it has lost more than 90 percent of its trees
They like to spend time underground under rocks and in trees. Cobras have several scary-looking behaviors designed to scare off potential threats.
They reside in trees on land and in water and are found in the rain forests and plains of India southern China and Southeast asia.
Coffee tea grape juice and red wine make interesting egg dyes. Plant materials from fruits vegetables and kitchen spices can also be used to make interesting dyes.
and when I was with Berger at his field site outside of Palm Desert Calif
Living trees take in carbon dioxide which they need to grow. Dead trees release their stored carbon back into the atmosphere through decay.
But the model of a rainforest as carbon sink is based on small heavily-studied tree areas called test plots
which means the concept could lose its accuracy when scaled up to the size of a continent.
For example in the Amazon forest huge swaths of trees can die at once which can't be accounted for by test plots.
In 2005 a single storm killed half a billion trees in the Amazon forest. Amazon Photos:
Trees That Dominate the Rainforest To better measure the carbon on the rainforest's breath researchers tracked tree death throughout the Amazon.
and tree counts to compare carbon consumed by living trees with emissions from dead trees.
Espã rito-Santo found that dead Amazonian trees emit an estimated 1. 9 billion tons (1. 7 billion metric tons) of carbon to the atmosphere each year.
And the big storms that blow down millions of trees at once barely budge the forest's carbon output the study found.
The study did not account for tree deaths from logging or deforestation the researchers said. The Amazon river basin is home to the largest rainforest On earth covering about 2. 67 million square miles (6. 9 million square kilometers) in seven countries.
But over the years vegetation thins in a self-regulating process so that mature trees have enough space
#Why Sloths Leave the Trees to Poop Sloths are the quintessential couch potatoes of the rainforest
and these sluggish tree-dwellers also serve as a hotel for moths and algae. Three-toed sloths descend from the trees once a week to defecate providing a breeding ground for moths that live in the animals'fur
and nourishing gardens of algae that supplement the sloths'diet new research finds. Leaving the trees burns energy
and makes sloths easy prey for predators but the benefits of a richer diet appear to be worth the perils.
or even dictating important aspects of sloth behavior especially their ritualized behavior of descending the tree to defecate wildlife ecologist Jonathan Pauli of the University of Wisconsin-Madison leader of the study published today (Jan 21) in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society
Photos of Unlikely Animal Friends Very few mammals are based tree herbivores. Such animals must be small and light enough to perch in trees
but large enough to digest a lot of plants because plant matter contains few digestible nutrients. Sloths known in Spanish as los perezosos (the lazies) have evolved adaptations to the constraints of life in the trees.
Two-toed sloths have relatively large home ranges and consume a varied diet of animal matter fruit and leaves.
Pauli and his colleagues thought they knew why these tree-dwellers come down from the canopy to relieve themselves.
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