and economically particularly in agriculture where honeybees pollinate an estimated $15 billion worth of agricultural products in the United states including more than 130 fruits according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
So what should we do for agriculture in hotter drier climates? A good start would be to explore the many hundreds of underutilised crops that have survived yielded
Most of the characteristics of today's world now appeared including centralized government and power military forces and warfare institutionalized religion patriarchy monetary systems poverty large-scale agriculture trade networks and empire.
The calendar was becoming important to more than agriculture so it was necessary to assign the roughly 60 monthless days to two new months Numa also gave each month an odd number of days
According to the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations global animal agriculture produces vast amounts of crops to feed billions of farm animals long before they are consumed themselves.
The scope of animal agriculture s impact on climate change has for decades been underestimated. The raising and slaughtering of farm animals is just one component.
As a result of animal agriculture's impact on climate change organizations like the Natural resources Defense Council and the Sierra Club support eating more plant-based meals.
About a half-billion fewer animals are now being raised for food than just several years ago reducing animal agriculture's global impact.
After European settlers arrived in the 17th century thousands of acres of forest were cleared to make way for much more intensive agriculture than that practiced by indigenous people.
Currently most agriculture relies heavily on using oil and adding fresh water-two of the most vulnerable resources on the planet-as well as overuse of fertilisers herbicides and pesticides that damage the wider environment.
As several Conversation readers have commented rightly the Sundrop model is not a solution for every kind of agriculture.
What it does demonstrate as others have said also is that there are smarter better integrated solutions to difficult problems such as fresh water scarcity and agriculture in arid areas.
We have to look at alternative methods of agriculture not just your beef your pork your chicken.
and peasant farmers groups worldwide in response to the growing struggles they face with commercialised agriculture
Some people have argued that human warfare is a recent cultural invention the result of some other recent development such as the origin of agriculture.
some are known only from specimens collected 60 years ago before agriculture or development encroached on habitat. 6 Strange Species Discovered in Museums Neotropical bark mantises live on tree branches
and growing methods more commonly seen in commercial agriculture. Longtime growers are even pulling in new talent with rã sumã s featuring university professorships and stints at NASA.
Patented seeds represent a hot topic in agriculture because they are sold under the agreement that farmers will not save
and the federal report concluded that climate disruptions to agriculture have increased in the past 40 years and are projected to increase over the next 25 years.
Like a lot of people in agriculture Gaesser is used to changes from season to season and year to year.
Agriculture and outdoor recreation are much more important to the state's economy and climate change is taking a toll on both.
It takes advantage of the vertical space of city buildings rather than turning over wide expanses of land to agriculture and uses advanced greenhouse technology:
By tracing back the ancestry of any domesticated plant we can better understand the genetic evolution of that species and the origin of agriculture a major step in human evolution in different regions of the world.
When these factors were taken into consideration the birthplace of chili agriculture shifted farther south to Mexico's central-east region.
and ecology Sandra Rehan lead NHAES researcher and assistant professor of biological sciences at the University of New hampshire's College of Life sciences and Agriculture (COLSA) said in a statement.
Loss of habitat and agricultural environments as well as the widespread use of pesticides and chemicals in farming are believed to be contributing to the current bee crisis throughout the United states. The value of pollination to agriculture is estimated at more than $200 billion each year worldwide
or even extinction of a species. John Wraith NHAES director and dean of the College of Life sciences and Agriculture expressed enthusiasm for the bee hotel project and its related studies noting the impact that pollinators
Celsius) and nutrient-poor sandy soil it's easy to see why agriculture hasn't taken off for the nations of the Persian gulf.
Officials with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development of Vietnam say they are considering crushing rhino horn elephant ivory
U s. agriculture faces threats as a changing climate shifts where and how well particular crops grow.
Dryness that can affect Africa s Sahel and damage agriculture there tends to occur from July to September (meaning the area could avoid much of this impact
whose agriculture is sensitive to El Niã o s Southern hemisphere summer effects Barnston said. Forecasting can help such vulnerable societies prepare for these impacts.
Excess fertilizer from agriculture is a significant source of global-warming pollution. So industrial agriculture adds to climate pollution
while also bearing the brunt of its effects such as extended droughts and heat waves that wither crops in the field
#'Climate Smart'Agriculture Is Blossoming (Op-Ed) David Cleary Director of Agriculture at The Nature Conservancy contributed this article to Live Science's Expert Voices:
since agriculture began but all the evidence suggests that climate change will now severely tax the world's ability to feed itself within a generation.
but at the same time no one can say that it isn't. It is a clear danger at all scales of agriculture:
Mitigation means reducing emissions directly linked to agriculture from the current level of roughly one quarter of all emissions.
Climate Smart Agriculture. Nothing fixes a politician's attention more than the prospect of problems with food supply.
So while it has been difficult to get an agreement on climate change everyone agrees that making agriculture more resilient to climate change Climate Smart Agriculture!
Specifically we will see the launch of a new initiative the Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance at the UN Climate Summit.
While no new money is (yet) on the table for the Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance nor do we know how it will work who will be involved or even
Climate smart agriculture is a space that bears watching and perhaps even some guarded optimism is in order.
So now as the full implications of climate change on agriculture become clearer there is a lot of ground to make up.
The launch of the Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance is a sign that at least some important players realize that society can't afford to jeopardize future food production abilities
Recently officials with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development of Vietnam announced they are considering crushing the country's stores of rhino horn elephant ivory and tiger bone.
and pens of domesticated animals the features that are associated typically with the dawn of agriculture at least in the Eurocentric view Hunt
which aims to preserve genetic diversity in animal agriculture. Red poll dam and heifer calf future embryo donors for SVF's preservation program.
Ancient Civilization Made Rapid Switch Bones unearthed from an ancient mound in Turkey suggest that humans there shifted their diet from hunting to herding over just a few centuries findings that shed light on the dawn of agriculture scientists say.
Agriculture began in the Neolithic or New Stone age about 11500 years ago. Once-nomadic groups of people settled down
It threatens agriculture in California s Central Valley. It stands to diminish the region s biggest rivers the Colorado
I built up relationships with the local community by attending local farmers meetings and agriculture shows.
Researchers have studied bee colonies for years in an effort to discover the root causes for the collapse of millions of bee colonies an ongoing problem with significant downstream ripple effects for large-scale agriculture and food production efforts.
If there is one thing that Americans know about the environment of Brazil it is the decimation of Amazon forests for ranching and agriculture.
The World bank has taken the lead in funding climate adaptation and climate resilience projects all over the world in energy infrastructure transportation and agriculture.
Maybe geneticist Craig Venter will find a way to produce food in the lab making traditional agriculture disappear.
Colonial Americans felled the forests for their wood and to make room for agriculture. They also shot
and their habitat has been destroyed by mining and agriculture. IUCN estimates that there are about 680 mountain gorillas left in two isolated populations.
in order to address problems of sustainability conservation and agriculture. What inspires me is knowing that the work I do has many real-world applications.
says Arthur Tucker, of Liberia's Ministry of Agriculture. This is an emergency on the scale of a major locust outbreak,
Agriculture is already a globally coordinated undertaking he points out. Subsidies and other economic considerations can change the types of crop that farmers plant quite quickly.
says Joachim Sauerborn, an agriculture researcher at the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany. It is an uphill struggle this is why conservation
Most work so far has focused on the impact of reduced rainfall and drought on agriculture.
but those from other areas notably land use and agriculture are shrouded in uncertainty. Data from the satellite could have helped to improve reporting
This is particularly the case with Chinese agriculture, which accounts for 70%of the country's water-use.
and that the national bans are effectively denying countries that use biotechnology in agriculture the access to the European market they are allowed under trade rules.
because animal domestication typically occurs in cultures that have adopted agriculture, whereas the Botai were hunter-gatherers.
Let's take agriculture first. What we'd like to see is several of the new projects now coming out of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) beginning to be made ready to go to market in developing countries.
Agriculture and deforestation, which account for about 27%of Australia's emissions, would not initially be included.
Pig surveillance is largely the remit of animal health organizations, agriculture ministries and the farming industry.
mark the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture by the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations. The treaty is known best for its role in paving the way for construction of the Svalbard Global
Driven in large part by agriculture, deforestation in the Amazon averaged about 1. 6 million hectares annually from 2001 to 2007,
The money will be spread between emergency food aid and investment in agriculture. The latter push mirrors,
But the direct investment in agriculture was very, very, very low before. So there will be a significant boost in the resources to support research.
We must move from heavy tillage of land to conservation agriculture; move from using just inorganic fertilizer
In today's African agriculture, biotechnologies are not crucial. The current gap between the one tonne per hectare and the five tonnes that is possible can be bridged with conventional agriculture.
However with climate change, it may be that in the future, it will be needed. We cannot close the door.
Other investments would help to modernize local agriculture in an effort to increase income from land that is already cleared
By combining detailed inventories of agriculture practice throughout China with satellite data indicating the presence of straws in rice fields,
and 1970s during the Green revolution that allowed Asian agriculture to flourish. For example from 1970 to 2007, cereal production in South Asia increased by 137%but used only 3%more land.
Today, 73%of the water consumed globally for agriculture is used in Asia. The report notes that the large-scale,
As demands for water in agriculture have increased, the limited supplies are becoming scarcer, says the report.
Agriculture appointment: Roger Beachy, the founding president of the Donald Danforth Plant science Center in St louis, Missouri, was appointed last week to direct the US Department of agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture,
a new agency that will distribute the department's external basic research funding. For more, see page 580.
US agriculture research gets priority plan: Nature Newsus agricultural research is getting a makeover. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) opens its doors on 1 Â October, with plant biotechnologist Roger Beachy at its helm.
Many scientists hope that the new institute will improve the focus, effectiveness and visibility of basic agricultural research,
Overall, there's been a negative perception of agriculture research, especially on Capitol hill, says Beachy, founding president of the nonprofit Donald Danforth Plant science Center in St louis,
which in April enlisted health and agriculture specialist Rajiv Shah as the department's first chief scientist.
Both Shah and his boss, agriculture secretary Tom Vilsack, have stressed the importance of basic agriculture research in addressing national and global needs,
agriculture will continue to lose out, as it did in the economic stimulus package passed by Congress in February.
and agriculture got zip, he says. The reason in my view is sophisticated people thought the money would be wasted,
the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), will cut back on congressional demands to earmark funds for specific projects.
who has called for more funding for agriculture research, particularly for farm animals. It's good to see that they have new people,
agriculture experts, farmers'organizations, consumer groups and NGOS in January and February 2010 before deciding
mainly where agriculture is pushing into native forests. Scientists are concerned not just about losing particular species. By losing ecosystems,
More trees are cleared then for agriculture, meaning fewer trees can absorb the water from the rains.
The initial exaggerated report of the outbreak by villagers and some unqualified staff of the Ministry of Agriculture, led to rather disproportionate alarm
The Liberian ministry of agriculture has contracted now Africare, a non-governmental organization, to improve the capacity of rural communities to manage such attacks.
or to clear land for agriculture and grazing. The index also takes into account the investment risk based on each country's capacity to monitor
including the chairwoman of the Senate agriculture committee, Blanche lincoln (Democrat, Arkansas). Assuming that the vote on Murkowski's resolution takes place after Massachusetts'newly elected Republican senator,
It tracked pollution from industry, agriculture, urban waste, landfills and incinerators. The broad survey will provide the basis for setting environmental protection targets in the next five-year plan of economic initiatives that begins in 2011,
The census found that agriculture was more damaging to China's waterways than manufacturing. In 2007, agriculture was responsible for 43.7%of the total 30.3 million tonnes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) a measure of organic pollutants in water.
It also contributed to 57.2%and 67.4%of the total 4. 7 million tonnes of nitrogen and 0. 4 million tonnes of phosphorus effluents, respectively.
This is the first time that China has factored agriculture into a pollution assessment. Livestock seems to be the largest contributor to the run off pollution
respectively, says Wang Yanliang, an official at the agriculture ministry's science and technology education division.
'Agriculture is far from being the only source of pollution. The census also shows serious air pollution, with 23.2 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide emissions,
Since the 1980s agriculture yields have grown in China, as has the nation's use of chemical fertilizers.
and geneticist and plant scientist David Baulcombe got the agriculture prize for his discovery of small interfering RNA in plants,
They report in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry1 that maple syrup isotope ratios have shifted over the years.
The tensions, voiced at a conference in Montpellier, France, raise questions over future funding for the Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR),
which supports thousands of scientists working on agriculture and food security in developing countries. Debate over the CGIAR's future direction
and agriculture'and'mobilizing agricultural biodiversity for food security and resilience'.('By contrast, donors currently fund individual centres directly,
including one on the impact of climate change on agriculture, says Jonathan Wadsworth, senior agricultural research adviser to Britain's Department for International Development (DFID).
Prabhu Pingali, deputy director of the foundation's agriculture development division says future commitments will depend on the centres focusing their research on a core set of well-defined problems that need to be tackled, rather than the proposed broad programmes.
000-year era spanned by the study farmers were dependent on dairy farming and agriculture. For a dairy culture, summer is by far the most important,
Much media coverage on developing-world agriculture has focused on genetically modified organisms (GMOS. Are these the silver bullets they are made often out to be?
Financial donors to the Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR) want changes to the group's plans for reshaping its research programme.
which focuses on improving agriculture in developing countries, hopes to increase its budget from about US$500 million to $1 billion in 5-10 years.
as well as carbon dioxide from agriculture and other land uses. In a quest to improve emissions estimates, scientists are pushing governments to expand their monitoring networks.
and larger plants than conventional farming is sure to reignite longstanding debates about the merits of organic versus conventional agriculture.
Nature Newsto many people, modern agriculture, with its industrial-scale farms and reliance on petroleum-based fertilizers, may seem a necessary evil one that has fed a growing human population while causing
All told, agriculture was responsible for 10-12%of global anthropogenic emissions in 2005. Yet the balance turns out to be favourable,
and new technologies for a competitive agriculture industry and that it does not use evidence and science in its decision-making, the UK National farmers union's chief science and regulatory affairs adviser,
The basic underlying driver is the agriculture and illegal logging is associated with deforestation that is happening anyway,
Zhang is in talks with the agriculture ministry and fertilizer industry about how to optimize fertilizer use.
Habitat loss, resulting from the conversion of natural habitats for agriculture and livestock grazing is the biggest threat to plants'survival,
Fedoroff is getting back to her roots in plant genetics by heading up a new centre for desert agriculture in Saudi arabia.
You're starting a new centre for desert agriculture at King Abdullah University (KAUST. Why?
but our water policy is not conducive to developing desert agriculture. If there's a nation in the world that has need the and the resources,
early humans ate ground flour 20,000 years before the dawn of agriculture. Flour residues recovered from 30,000-year-old grinding stones found in Italy, Russia and the Czech republic point to widespread processing and consumption of plant grain,
and in particular to reform water use in agriculture, the world will face a water crisis. But researchers at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Battaramulla,
Agriculture is the biggest user of fresh water, making up 70-90%of the annual water demand for many countries.
If all the water in a river is used by agriculture and industry, leaving nothing for the aquatic environment,
Governments need to introduce polices that allocate water to agriculture and industry, and that will enable them to reduce those allocations
The work shows that this intensive agriculture is complicated more and on a par with these other areas of intellectual development, says Timothy Beach, a physical geographer at Georgetown University in WASHINGTON DC,
It has long been suspected that the Maya relied heavily on agriculture. In the 1970s, researchers began characterizing the remains of elaborate irrigation canals found in wetland areas.
relatively little attention has been given to understanding its agriculture. Usually in archaeology there's an elite focus on the majestic cities that we can wonder at,
They've confirmed that many of these swamplands in that area were being used for that kind of intensive agriculture and large-scale manipulations of the landscape.
The experts broadly agree that it will take massive changes in agriculture energy production, and more to avert a potential disaster.
'The law was intended originally to control the use of GM plants in agriculture, but evolved to cover all organisms,
But in August, the ministry of agriculture published regulations for the law which seem to allow the contained use of GM plants and animals in education and research
and agriculture ministries coordinated their efforts poorly before they ordered a cull of more than 50,000 dairy goats in 2009,
who studies the impact of climate change on agriculture but was not involved with the work.
Dividing Europe into five regions, they tallied for each region how this climate regime would affect today's economy in five areas agriculture, human health, coastal flooding, river flooding and tourism.
it might see a 52%boost in agriculture because of the warmer weather; thousands of people might be spared river floods
The models predict a decline of up to 27%in agriculture for southern Europe, along with a 4%drop in tourists staying overnight.
when agriculture originated, he says. However, it would be interesting to know to what extent they allow the bacteria to proliferate at the new location.
so that coastal land could be used for agriculture, aquaculture and beach resorts. When coastal wetlands are drained,
Forest rights The intensifying hunt for land for agriculture and biofuels threatens the rights and livelihoods of millions of people who live in tropical forests,
Mcdermott and his ILRI colleague Delia Grace warn today at a conference in New delhi (Leveraging agriculture for improving nutrition and health).
These trends align with the expansion of human agriculture, and Ruddiman, of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, argues that it is no coincidence the clearing of land and expansion of irrigation released huge amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Switzerland, suggests that agriculture had a much larger impact than previously believed as it expanded in Europe and beyond2.
In contrast to most previous estimates, the model assumes that humans cleared more land early on, with only gradual intensification as agriculture improved.
Another study in The Holocene5 by Dorian Fuller, an archaeologist at University college London, explores methane emissions from livestock and the spread of rice agriculture in Southeast asia.
The funding was confirmed at a meeting of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture this week in Bali, Indonesia.
and suitable for only some types of agriculture, making them an expensive option. Looking at particular regions within their wider study areas,
Climate-smart agriculture is needed: Nature News2011's biggest problem will be food, John Beddington, the UK government's chief scientific adviser, told a meeting in London on 28 february.
Agriculture must become central to future climate-change discussions, he said, because it contributes a significant proportion of global carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions.
while producing more food to feed the world's growing population means that climate-smart agriculture is the only way forward,
Beddington says that the World bank will attempt to push agriculture up world leaders'agendas when they meet at the end of the year to negotiate a climate deal at the seventeenth Conference of the Parties to the United nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Durban, South africa.
and his colleagues are researching other methods of mitigating greenhouse-gas emissions from agriculture. We are looking at ways of controlling the loss of nitrogen from the soil
For decades, the extent of pollution caused by agriculture has not been given much attention with most efforts being focused on industrial pollution,
however, is agriculture. The first national pollution census, conducted in 2007, showed that agriculture was responsible for 43.7%of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) a measure of organic pollutants in water.
It also contributed 57.2%and 67.3%of the total 4. 7 million tonnes of nitrogen and 0. 4 million tonnes of phosphorus effluents, respectively.
many agriculture researchers say that they will not be enough to curb rural pollution and should be complemented by significant improvements in agricultural practices,
says Wu Jinshui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Changsha, Hunan province.
Roger Beachy, director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) in WASHINGTON DC, resigned his post,
the controversial overhaul of NIFA's flagship competitive grants programme, the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI.
which must legally remain forested rather than be converted to agriculture or other land uses and under sustainable management grew from around 36 million hectares to around 53 million hectares, an increase of nearly 50%.
and fuel prices could easily favour the conversion of land for agriculture and other uses over forest conservation.
and former head of the USDA's National Institute for Food and Agriculture. The Kentucky bluegrass decision drives this point home,
In May, the agriculture ministry unveiled a ¥490-million (US$6-million) initiative to develop cleanup techniques,
The agriculture ministry is also testing how well plants can clean the soil in highly contaminated areas,
Francis Nang'ayo, an ecologist and regulatory affairs manager at the African Agriculture Technology Foundation based in Nairobi,
the alluring profits of agriculture could lead to a new wave of deforestation. Although rural interests have dominated the debate so far,
Human agriculture has transformed the face of the planet, changing the flow of fundamental nutrients like nitrogen,
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