#Pig whipworm genome may aid to treat autoimmune diseasesan international team composed of 11 institutions from six countries including BGI presented the whole-genome sequence of Trichuris suis a parasitic worm in pig.
and tsu-mir-236 and tsu-mir-252 in female worms were predicted to regulate and suppress key feminizing
Meanwhile the pig whipworm-host interactions will shed new light on the control of helminth and other immunopathological diseases in human.
Schistosomiasis is caused a disease by several species of flatworm parasites that live in the blood vessels of the bladder and intestines.
In addition by guarding their existing crops during the night farmers are exposed increasingly to malaria carried by mosquitos and soil-based worms
Ants move more soil than earthworms plus they are food for lots of reptiles and birds.
Cool tree trunks are likely to be an important microhabitat during hot weather for other tree dwelling species including primates leopards birds and invertebrates.
and high levels of a nematode parasite that usually castrates other species 25 per cent of the queens were able to produce offspring.
and levels of land planarians (Cephaloflexa bergi) in 11 site localities in and out the Serra do Mar biological corridor in the Atlantic Forest.
Innovatively the study carried out by UB research group is focused on the land planarian (Cephaloflexa bergi) a low-dispersal organism
Land planarians an animal model of phylogeographic studiesauthors explain that to formulate an efficient conservation policy a good understanding of spatial and temporal biodiversity patterns
The research group performed a comparative analysis of DNA sequence variation of land planarian by means of a nuclear and a mitochondrial gene.
and conservationthe study published in the journal Heredity highlights that land planarians are an advantageous biological model for making phylogenetic
Wood packaging sanitation yields US $11. 7 billion net benefitthe emerald ash borer (Agrilus plantipenis) a recent insect immigrant to North america carried in with the wooden
The emerald ash borer is established already throughout much of Michigan and areas of Illinois Indiana Ohio Pennsylvania and Ontario Canada.
and unlike the emerald ash borer many introduced species do not cause substantial damages. But there is an economic net benefit to preventing
or delaying the introduction of the emerald ash borer to parts of the US that do not yet harbor it.
or worse than the emerald ash borer said lead author Brian Leung an ecologist at Mcgill University in Montreal Canada.
The emerald ash borer a native of Southeast asia and Eastern Russia lacks predators in North america
Emerald ash borer larvae feed on the cells of the tree's nutrient and water transport systems.
For their risk analysis Leung and colleagues drew on a study of the Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No. 15 on reducing wood borer infestation rates in wood packaging material entering
the United states published last week in the journal PLOS ONE by coauthor Robert Haack (press release) that found that implementation of ISPM15 treatment standards reduced wood borer infestation rates
and doesn't keep out 100%of wood borers when you incorporate all the data this preventative policy is still worth it.
which may avoid the cost of another emerald ash borer for a generation. Story Source:
and a sea anemone that lives under an Antarctic glacier are among the species identified by the SUNY College of Environmental science and Forestry's (ESF) International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) as the top 10 species discovered last
a miniscule skeleton shrimp from Santa catalina Island in California a single-celled protist that does a credible imitation of a sponge a clean room microbe that could be a hazard during space travel and a teensy fringed fairyfly named Tinkerbell.
Antarctica A species of sea anemone living under a glacier on the Ross Ice shelf in Antarctica raises questions by its very existence.
It is the first species of sea anemone reported to live in ice. It was discovered when the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL) sent a remotely operated submersible vehicle into holes that had been drilled into the ice.
It ends up looking much like a carnivorous sponge as well as feeding like one extending pseudopods (a protist's version of arms) outside the shell to feed on invertebrates that have become trapped in the spiny structures.
Interestingly they are the same caves where carnivorous sponges were discovered first. Clean room Microbes: Alien Invaders?
The study Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No 15 on Reducing Wood Borer Infestation Rates in Wood Packaging Material Entering the United states was published today in the journal PLOS ONE.
and recent arrivals such as the Asian longhorned beetle and the emerald ash borer have killed millions of trees and altered urban landscapes in the Northeast and Midwest.
New insights into their effects on shrimps and snailsgroundbreaking research by an international team of scientists has resulted in greater understanding of the effects of pesticides on aquatic invertebrates such as shrimps and snails.
and modelling the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to various pesticides. Aquatic invertebrate species are abundant in European freshwaters
and play an important role in the decomposition of organic material as well as serving as a food source for other higher level species. However the almost 7000 species living in European waters are currently facing a major challenge
www. cream-itn. eu). Ground breaking research by an international team of scientists has resulted in greater understanding of the effects of pesticides on aquatic invertebrates such as shrimps and snails.
and modelling the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to various pesticides. Aquatic invertebrate species are abundant in European freshwaters
and play an important role in the decomposition of organic material as well as serving as a food source for other higher level species. However the almost 7000 species living in European waters are currently facing a major challenge
#Emerald ash borers were in U s. long before first detectionnew research at Michigan State university shows that the uber-destructive emerald ash borer arrived at least 10 years before it was identified first in North america.
and identifying key marker years the team was able to determine the year each tree was killed by emerald ash borers.
Emerald ash borers now have infested at least 22 states and two Canadian provinces and have become the most destructive and costly forest insect to ever invade North america Mccullough said.
Emerald ash borers are killing trees so fast across such a large geographic area that nobody actually knows how many trees are said dead she.
and their colleagues came up with emerald ash borer. By the time Michigan identified the invader ash trees across southeast Michigan were dead
We think emerald ash borers probably arrived from China where they attack only very stressed or dying ash trees.
In North america emerald ash borers would still prefer to attack stressed trees but it will do fine on healthy trees too.
The site features current research which is exploring improved methods to detect new populations as well as identifying natural enemies of emerald ash borers imported from China that may become effective biocontrol agents.
competition and nematodes. A total of 196 genes showed a wide range of expressions to these stresses.
at Viakable Technology and Research center in Monterrey Mexico and a research collaborator at Carbon Sponge Solutions in Houston.
#Pesticides make the life of earthworms miserablepesticides are sprayed on crops to help them grow but the effect on earthworms living in the soil under the plants is devastating new research reveals:
The worms only grow to half their normal weight and they do not reproduce as well as worms in fields that are sprayed not.
Pesticides have a direct impact on the physiology and behavior of earthworms a Danish/French research team reports after having studied earthworms that were exposed to pesticides over generations.
We see that the worms have developed methods to detoxify themselves so that they can live in soil sprayed with fungicide.
They spend a lot of energy on detoxifying and that comes with a cost: The worms do not reach the same size as other worms
and we see that there are fewer of them in sprayed soil. An explanation could be that they are less successful at reproducing
The researchers set up an experiment to study the behavior of the earthworm species Aporectodea caliginosa.
They moved two portions of farmed soil with worms into the lab. One portion was taken from a local organic field the other from a local conventionally cultivated field that had been sprayed with fungicide for 20 years.
In the laboratory the researchers could see how the fungicide-exposed worms adapted to the toxic environment.
Over generations the worms have developed a method to detoxify themselves. The fungicide increased metabolism rate in the worms both the adapted worms and the not adapted worms.
In the not adapted worms we saw that their energy reserve of glycogen was used faster.
Contrastingly only in the adapted worms we saw that amino acids and protein contents increased suggesting a detoxification mechanism.
They also increased their feeding activity possibly to compensate for the increase in energy demand the researchers said.
Often there are 2--3 times more earthworms in unsprayed soil than in sprayed soil. The reason for this may be that earthworms in sprayed soil do not reproduce as successfully as worms in unsprayed soil
because they need to spend more energy on detoxifying the researchers say. They also weighed the worms in the experiment
and found that the worms exposed to fungicide weighed only half of the worms in organic soil.
Worms in organic soil had an average weight of 0. 6 grams worms in conventionally cultivated soil had an average weight of 0. 3 grams.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Southern Denmark. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
They showed a smaller effect for small invertebrates such as termites that also contribute to decomposition of plant biomass.
#Predation on invertebrates by woodland salamanders increases carbon capturewoodland salamanders perform a vital ecological service in American forests by helping to mitigate the impacts of global warming.
Woodland salamanders facilitate the capture of this carbon before it is released by feeding on invertebrates (beetles earthworms snails ants etc.
predation on invertebrates indirectly affects the amount of leaf litter retained for soil-building where nutrients
and found that woodland salamander predation on invertebrates suppressed some populations of invertebrates and released others with the overall result of increased litter retention and carbon capture in the soil.
While Wilson probably had in mind invertebrates I think he would agree that our research on the influence of one of the primary predators on invertebrates
and their influence on the forest carbon cycle is a good example of what he was talking about.
Elizabeth Borer of the University of Minnesota was the study's lead author. The U n. Food and Agricultural organization estimates that grasslands cover between one-fifth and two-fifths of the planet's land area
Where we see a change in light we see a change in diversity said Borer the lead author.
Roundwormsthe banana variety Yangambi km5 produces toxic substances that kill the nematode Radopholus similis a roundworm that infects the root tissue of banana plants--to the frustration of farmers worldwide.
The parasitic nematode Radopholus similis is the invisible nemesis of the banana plant says Professor Dirk De Waele:
The nematodes are invisible to the naked eye but they can penetrate the roots of banana plants by the thousands.
Combating nematodes isn't easy adds Professor Swennen: Synthetic pesticides are toxic and expensive. Moreover pesticides usually do not actually kill the nematodes they just temporarily paralyze them.
Nematodes can also build up resistance to pesticides. We have wondered always how the Yangambi km5 fights off roundworms.
This study offers an answer. While the Grande Naine is very susceptible to nematodes other varieties are known to be resistant to them.
Enter the Yangambi km5 a variety first grown in the 1950's at a Belgian research station in Yangambi DR Congo.
Metaboliteswith colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (Germany) the KU Leuven researchers identified the metabolites that kill the nematodes.
We found nine different nematode-killing metabolites in Yangambi km5. These metabolites are produced also in the Grande Naine but much more slowly and in lesser quantities.
In that banana variety the nematodes win the fight. The researchers'findings were published in a recent issue of the journal PNAS.
This method could also be applied to other crops and other species of nematode. Nematodes pose a growing threat to rice production in Asia for example.
Our findings also provide the industry with perspectives to develop a generation of new pesticides against nematodes.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by KU Leuven. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and Behavior at the University of Minnesota and the Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies at the University of Zurich the research team included U of M associate professors Eric Seabloom and Elizabeth Borer
when we have more nutrients coming into that system says Borer. This the researchers found was synchronized due to more growth of plants eliminating the portfolio effect.
Borer and Seabloom led a small group of scientists who created Nutnet to standardize the way that ecology research is conducted.
and soil insects such as wire worms and white grubs and get the plants off to a good healthy start.
#Beneficial insects, nematodes not harmed by genetically modified, insect-resistant crops, studies showa large body of literature has shown that genetically-modified plants that produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to protect themselves from insect pests have little to no effect on a wide range of nontarget insects.
Now two new studies using more exacting methods show that Bt crops have no negative effects on two beneficial insect predators or on a beneficial entomopathogenic nematode.
Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Shelton and his colleagues used similar methods and found that an important nematode predator was harmed not
when it ingested another Bt protein. For this study resistant caterpillars were fed Bt broccoli and then exposed to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora a beneficial nematode that preys on insects.
The researchers found that the virulence reproductive potential and time of emergence of the nematodes that consumed Bt-fed caterpillars were affected not significantly compared to nematodes that did not ingest the Bt protein.
This is the first report we are aware of in which a nematode predator has been tested in such detail against a Bt protein Dr. Shelton said.
Together these two studies add to the scientific literature demonstrating that Bt plants can control targeted insect pests
The data showed that stem decay caused by earlier damage from a native stem borer reduced the species'tolerance to external forces resulting in stem failure in Typhoon Chaba.
Experiments testing the potential of the four symbiotic species to cause infection in the small nematode worm known as Caenorhabditis elegans
. 4 million years ago mainly ate tiger nuts (grass bulbs) supplemented with the odd grasshopper and worm.
The study published in the journal PLOS ONE also suggests that these early hominins may have sought additional nourishment from fruits and invertebrates like worms and grasshoppers.
A drain from a central property revealed a richer variety of foods as well as imports from outside Italy such as shellfish sea urchin
Start a worm bin. I've kept one for many years. They're easy to maintain,
So I steer away from those subjects (except where a very rational and unemotional exchange of ideas is possible and fruitful) and just discuss tomatoes and worms with them.
it was the Venus'Flower Basket sea sponge, a glowing creature that thrives in the inky depths of the sea.
Carbon is sequestered naturally in the environment, fixed in the wood of forests, the coral of reefs, the peat of bogs,
but every living thing oe even organisms we know little about, such as microbes, fungi and invertebrates.
For example, the production and transport involved in a cup of coffee impacts myriad species, from invertebrates to birds to fish.
The combination of depleted supply and increased demand for pre-Hispanic foods like gusanos de maguey, white worms that feed on the leaves of a maguey that grows as tall as a man,
and vanilla ice cream topped with caramelized worms and prickly pear syrup. Photos: Crickets by Flickr/William Neuheisel Ant larva by Lauren Villagran
Vanessa Ko Composting with earth worms
'House of Water'taps market for designer aguamexico CITY The sign outside reads Casa del Agua and below it, el agua local:
it's like putting a sponge in the soil. Biochar has very high surface area, so it soaks up everything around it.
protein from jellyfish DNA into the pig embryos. The plasmids are tiny DNA molecules, separate from chromosomal DNA,
and a earthwork propagation bin that actively distributes earthworms throughout the bed. The conditions inside the dome are monitored
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