Synopsis: 4.4. animals: Mammals: Deer:


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The wolves have kept the park's population of elks (prey for wolves) in check which in turn limits how many berry-producing shrubs the elks consume.

As a result the bears have more tasty berries to eat finds a study published today (July 29) in the Journal of Animal Ecology.

which the elk population soared. The huge herds of elk heavily browsed aspen and willow in the park and reduced the berry-producing shrubs.

Past studies showed the reintroduction of wolves in 1995 has led to willow and aspen populations rebounding.

Because bears have made up for the decline in berries by eating more elk in the last 50 years the berry bounty may also help offset the decline in elk.


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Bears deer foxes bald eagles raccoons and more may be seen amidst the wildflowers and lush grasses. The most popular meadows which have boardwalks


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Typical meals for a wolverine include large game like caribou moose and mountain goats; smaller animals like ground squirrels and rodents;


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Most of a tiger's diet consists of large prey such as pigs deer rhinos or elephant calves.


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They eat small game such as rodents rabbits fish and frogs and larger game like deer.


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To keep the yard tick-free use landscaping that deters mice deer woodchucks and other rodents that carry ticks he said.


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and deer but they don't suck blood like the legends say Rather they make A v-shaped cut and then lick up the blood according to the San diego Zoo.


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and pig-deer may be the oldest ever found or at the very least comparable in age to cave art in Europe.

This painting of fruit-eating pig-deer known as a babirusa was discovered in an Indonesian cave and dates back around 35400 years ago.

But the pig-deers miniature buffalos and other creatures depicted by prehistoric artists in Indonesia could change that narrative.


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and hyenas the animals represented in Sulawesi include fruit-eating pig-deer called babirusas Celebes warty pigs and midget buffalos also known as anoas.

That means this pig-deer could be known the oldest figurative work of art in the world older than the beasts that line the walls of Chauvet Cave.


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The Eastern wolf also known as Great lakes wolf Eastern timber wolf Algonquin wolf or deer wolf has been deemed a distinct species from their western cousins according to a review by U s. Fish and Wildlife Service scientists.

Gray wolves usually eat large prey such as moose goats sheep and deer. Normally the pack of wolves will find the weakest


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and deer the authors write in the March issue of the journal Antiquity. Mysterious wand After the skeletons and wand were buried someone seems to have dug up


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The 1-month-old calf mummy named Lyuba was discovered in 2007 by a reindeer herder on the banks of a frozen river on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia.


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and killing of threatened and endangered species such as wolverines lynx and grizzly bears as well as black bears deer elk moose mountain lions eagles and yes landowners'own dogs and livestock the very animals


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Due to interactions between Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during field work on Edgeã¸ya Svalbard we measured response distances for reindeer from a stalking polar bear and improvised five


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and stealth to take down deer peccary monkeys birds frogs fish alligators and small rodents. If wild food is scarce these large cats will also hunt domestic livestock.


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Small mammals like pikas can't flee a forest fire like deer and Varner's research is the first evidence that sheltering in place helps the species endure a fire.


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They resemble deer and are in the same family as goats cattle and sheep. Gazelles can be identified by their curved ringed horns tan or reddish-brown coats and white rumps.

The dama gazelle is the largest gazelle. It weighs in at 88 to 165 pounds (40 to 75 kg)

so that the newborn fawns will have plenty to drink. Gazelles carry their young for around six months before giving birth.

Baby gazelles are called fawns or calves. To keep her calves safe from predators a female gazelle will hide her babies in tall grasses.

The dama gazelle is not only the world's biggest gazelle it is also the rarest according to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park.


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Our zoo is small enough that keepers get to work with a wide range of animals from bison and mountain lions to tropical birds Andean bears and Roosevelt elk.


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This included diverse small animals such as hares fish turtles hedgehogs and partridges as well as larger prey such as deer boars horse goats sheep extinct wild


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To kill their prey usually deer elk or moose the puma sneaks up behind the other animal and then chomps down on the prey's neck with its powerful jaws.

To make the kill last longer it hides its prey from other animals and eat bits of the carcass for several days.

A puma typically kills a deer every 10 to 14 days according to the Mountain lion Foundation.


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and more than 850 in neck snares including mountain lions river otters pronghorn antelope deer badgers beavers turtles turkeys ravens ducks geese great blue herons and even a golden eagle.

Even though I was experienced an professional trapper my trap victims included non-target species such as bald eagles and golden eagles a variety of hawks and other birds rabbits sage grouse pet dogs deer

While studying the impacts of wolf snares on moose Alaska biologist Craig Gardner reported in the journal Alces:

Based on my 15 years of experience releasing nearly 40 moose from snares and discussions with other Alaskan biologists

I concluded that most moose restrained in wolf snares die either at the capture site or from frozen limbs or nose subsequent to release.


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In the course of a single day and night I saw hyacinth and blue-and-yellow macaws brocket deer white-lipped peccary rhea jabiru stork roseate spoonbill wood stork the greater potoo capybara tapir


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This will allow us to protect the most intact parts of the boreal forest that are critical habitat for the caribou and other species

This is good news for caribou, whose numbers in Canada have been in steep decline. But it may also slow down global warming


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Like Hawlena's grasshoppers, the elk of Yellowstone national park in Wyoming were thought to eat differently because of the threat of predation.

Some researchers proposed that the return of wolves to the park would cause elk to begin avoiding certain'risky'areas containing the predators.

That in turn would allow aspen trees munched into submission by the elk to begin growing back in those areas.

The elk do change their behaviour in response to wolves and do avoid risky areas in general just not often enough to change the picture for aspen.

because elk that are near starvation as many often are in the winter are willing to take any risk to eat.


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Under the agreement, 21 forestry companies and 9 environmental groups are discussing ways to preserve large sections of Canada's northern forest a big storehouse of carbon and a crucial habitat for the threatened woodland caribou

(Rangifer tarandus caribou) without diminishing lumber and pulp production. The companies that hold the rights to log roughly one-quarter of Canada's boreal forest have agreed to discuss giving them up in some unspecified areas;

In the first track, working groups of company officials and environmentalists in seven provinces are trying to identify areas of caribou habitat to be removed from logging plans.

has said that the agreement means upwards of 20 million hectares of caribou habitat need to be conserved.

What we agreed to do is to increase the protected areas in the caribou range in ways that won't disrupt the work of our mills.

but it obviously won't be close to the total 29 million hectares of caribou habitat. The original agreement pledged to respect the principles of ecosystem-based management,


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we would have woolly mammoths and no reindeer, so Santa would drag his sleigh with woolly mammoths.

woolly rhinos, wild horses, reindeer, steppe bison and musk ox. The researchers created a series of snapshots of the European,

whereas reindeer are more fecund, almost like a rodent, she says. The team found no way to predict the future extinction of a species, based on either an animal's genetic diversity or the size of its range.

000 to 35,000 years ago I would have predicted that reindeer would go extinct while Eurasian musk ox would do well,


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and journalist Brian Deer over a string of articles that branded him a fraud (F. Godlee et al.


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including the Truong Son muntjac deer (Muntiacus truongsonensis) and the Annamite striped rabbit (Nesolagus timinsi),


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A report delivered in November by the US Geological Survey s Interagency Grizzly bear Study Team describes a resilient and healthy bear population that has adapted to the loss of pine nuts by eating more elk and bison

including livestock owners and hunters seeking elk, he says. For young bears, it may increase the frequency of potentially deadly interactions with aggressive adult male bears and wolves.


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and moose populations on Isle Royale in Lake superior wax and wane in response to each other, disease and the weather.

when wolf numbers plummet, moose populations tend to soar (see Ecosystem in flux. And it has offered insights into wolf behaviour, moose physiology,

the life cycle of moose ticks and how wolves might be driven to form packs to ward off scavengers such as ravens, rather than for any hunting advantage.

 Through the decades, the search for cause and effect in the ecosystem has been rendered much easier by isolation from the mainland s human and animal populations.

The very first wolves came to Isle Royale over an ice bridge in the early 1940s, some 30 years after the first moose.

this might explain why the number of moose needed to support a given number of wolves has increased:

Moose eat balsam fir trees. When the moose population expands, unchecked by predation, fewer fir seedlings can grow large enough to escape into the canopy above the reach of moose

and reproduce. There is already a missing generation of trees from between about 1910, when the moose arrived on the island,

and 1940, when the wolves came. Most of Isle Royale s balsam firs are thus either older than 100 years and near the end of their lives

or young and short enough to be browsed to death. If the trees do not achieve escape in the next decade

He fears that a decade without significant moose predation would leave the fir trees devastated. Phyllis Green, superintendent of the Isle royale national park, is considering three alternatives:


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and this violent vile vermin have started killing the Moose to extinction and the White tail deer are soon following.

Dan of NO-POSSIBLE-THOUGHT! Check out your facts start writing the truth and forget your Walt Disney fairy tale lies.

Both sides need to recognize that wolves are just animals like deer fish rats dogs cats

and eating an elk calf in a manner that also turned my stomach as it would of any other compassionate person.


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You'll notice that on this toy you won't see any of the most common North american wild animals--no raccoons no coyotes no deer no robins no hawks and no foxes.

What sound does the deer make? Hell if I know. Another reason might be that fox noises are mistaken easily for other animals.


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and oversight to guard against situations like a deer running into the road; the car must be able to hand back control with no warning.


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and well-trimmed white beard that contrasts beautifully with its black undercoat bright white tail and long white western-inspired fringes.


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This is the natural running style of dogs cats and some ungulates like deer and elk but different than that of horses


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Research suggests that traditionally the Inuit ate any number of meats including seal whale caribou and fish.

For greens Kuhnlein adds traditional Inuit ate the stomach contents of caribou and deer. Historically they were quite healthy she says;


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Infection stems from the bite of deer and mango flies that live in rainforests and swamps.


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wolves typically prey on the abundant elk herds in the park. Elk eat berries just like the bears do.

But without wolves the elk population has exploded which means there's hardly any berries left for the bears.

So the bears aren't as well fed which makes them less healthy. And it's not even just as simple as that.

The elk are eating so many berries including the entire berry shrubs that animals that rely on the shrubs like bees

which means they sometimes prey on elk but just as often on livestock nearby. And that makes the ranchers angry

Neither does Friends of the Yellowstone Elk Herd a pro-hunting organization. But the reintroduction of wolves the study finds has had marked a improvement on that entire system.


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@Moose-brightness is a technical astronomical term used to define the the power output of an object so the term itself makes sense in this context.

@Moose Billisarius; No experiments have proven that the speed of light is not a constant for particles.


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As Moose says You can't simply tell a 15-30yo-aged male to eat potatoes and beans.

and moose there is a great new study on New Study Finds Nothing That Will Actually Convince You To Change Your Lifestyle So Just Forget I l


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But why don't we just hunt them as we do with other tasty overpopulated species like the white-tailed deer?

So what it they are smarter than deer. That is where the skill of the hunter comes in.


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With brain-wasting disease in our deer and elk and steroidal enhanced deficiencies accumulating in our cows this bodes really well for U s as a nation huh?


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Comparable in size to the asteroid that destroyed 1000 square miles of trees and reindeer in Tunguska Siberia in 1908 2012 DA14 would be very bad news in a direct collision with a populated area.


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That means if you want to hunt deer elk moose antelope ducks geese cougars and now wolves you have to buy a permit.


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They also eat underground mushrooms and deer truffles which are known to store radiation. Apparently researchers have been cataloguing this pattern of boar radioactivity for some time


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A rising deer population may also explain the tick s spread as they are also big carriers of the parasites.


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and may eat deer's hearts. a


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#Another Chinese National Indicted For Stealing American GMO Cornsometimes even a high-tech heist requires a little digging around in the dirt.


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and kill prey the elk population grew so large it ate up all the young willow trees until there were none.

So with conservation ethics and ecological science in pretty good alignment we reintroduced the wolves to Yellowstone where today they scare away the hungry elk herds from the tasty young willows.

in the opinion pages of The New york times. This story that wolves fixed a broken Yellowstone by killing and frightening elk is one of ecology s most famous he wrote.

As a Phd ecologist myself it's hard to see how 60%fewer elk could affect vegetation as much as before.

One reason Marris found may be that wolves don't actually scare elk away from their preferred feeding areas as earlier research suggested they might.

When elk are really hungry they're going to take their chances with the wolves Marris says.

Elk populations were really high while the wolves were gone says Marris. That was caused by the absence of wolves but also presumably by human management decisions climate and other factors.

Elks and beavers competed for the same food: willow. The elks won beaver numbers dropped

and so did the extent of marshy habitat. Without beaver dams creating willow-friendly environments Marris says the willows can't recover.


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In response an international research team suggests eight ways to make ruminant agriculture aising cows goats sheep buffalo camels llamas reindeer and yaks for meat and dairy nvironmentally sustainable.


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When the moose population expands unchecked by predation fewer fir seedlings can grow large enough to escape into the canopy above the reach of moose

when the moose arrived on the island and 1940 when the wolves came. Most of Isle Royale s balsam firs are


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In the same spirit we leave out sherry and biscuits for Santa and some carrots for his reindeer.


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Beginning in 2009 the Conservancy's scientists injected the female bison with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) a contraceptive that had been used for fertility control in zoos wild horses and white tail deer.


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Svalbard reindeer consume up to 54 percent moss in winter but most reindeer eat only 22 percent to 30 percent moss.

Brown lemmings can consume up to 40 percent moss during Arctic winters. And Soay sheep can eat up to 30 percent moss in winter.


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and nitrogen traces in the bones of cats dogs deer and other wildlife unearthed near Quanhucan the research team demonstrated how a breed of once-wild cats carved a niche for themselves in a society that thrived on the widespread cultivation of the grain millet.

but deer were not. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes show that cats were preying on animals that lived on farmed millet probably rodents.


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In Northern Finland reindeer grazing is the key factor in lichen reduction. Slow-growing lichens in Southern Finland can also suffer due to the rapid growth of


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or deer play today. But no one had suspected that they --or other dinosaurs for that matter--had fleshy structures on the tops of their heads.


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the dama gazelle and addax are gone from 99 percent of their range; the leopard from 97 percent and the Saharan cheetah from 90.

which harbors most of the world's 200 or so remaining wild addax and one of a handful of surviving populations of dama gazelle and Saharan cheetah.


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This population follows the barren ground-caribou caribou during their thousand-kilometer migration. When these wolves return from the tundra to the boreal forest during the winter they do not reproduce with resident wolves there that never migrate.


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The drawings depict an assemblage of animals including armadillos deer large cats birds and reptiles as well as humanlike figures and geometric symbols.


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Wolves control elk populations. Sea otters protect kelp forests by eating sea urchins. These are what ecologists call keystone species:


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For example in the Arctic where about 500 gigatons of carbon is stored in permafrost large grazing mammals like caribou


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#Caribou may be affected indirectly by sea-ice loss in the Arcticmelting sea ice in the Arctic may be leading indirectly to fewer caribou calf births and higher calf mortality in Greenland according to scientists at Penn State university.

which in turn is associated with lower production of calves by caribou in the area. The results of the study will be published in the journal Nature Communications on 1 october 2013.

Post began his observations on the relationship between the timing of caribou calving and the start of the plant-growing season in Greenland 20 years ago.

Post added that as his observations have continued the data have revealed an increasingly earlier start to the plant growing season a change that has not been matched by correspondingly earlier calving by caribou in the area.

Kerby added that archeological evidence suggests that caribou have used this area as a calving site for over 3000 years.

In late May to early June caribou typically arrive from their west-to-east migratory journey in search of young plants to eat around the time caribou give birth.

by the time the hungry caribou arrive to eat them Kerby said. The animals show up expecting a food bonanza

and other changes in climate simply by adjusting the timing of their growth caribou --whose reproductive cycles are timed by seasonal changes in daylight length rather than by temperature--continue to give birth at nearly the same time during the spring

In addition to analyzing their own data Post and Kerby also used information from a 1970s study of caribou calving and calf survival at the same site by Danish biologists Henning Thing and Bjarne Clausen.

This comparison allowed us to look for signs of trophic mismatch in the same caribou population over 30 years ago Post said.

We found an interesting contrast to the current state of caribou calving in relation to spring green-up Post said.


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which have reduced over-browsing by elk herds. The berry bushes also produce flowers of value to pollinators like butterflies insects and hummingbirds;

When wolves were removed from Yellowstone early in the 1900s increased browsing by elk herds caused the demise of young aspen

As wolves help reduce elk numbers in Yellowstone and allow tree and shrub recovery researchers said this improves the diet and health of grizzly bears.

These shrubs are eaten also by elk and thus likely declined as elk populations grew over time.

With the return of wolves the new study found the percentage of fruit in grizzly bear scat in recent years almost doubled during August.

Because the abundant elk have been an important food for Yellowstone grizzly bears for the past half-century the increased supply of berries may help offset the reduced availability of elk in the bears'diet in recent years.

And in the absence of wolves black bears went extinct on Anticosti Island in Canada after over-browsing of berry shrubs by introduced while-tailed deer.


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The plane draws nearer and the mysterious object reveals itself to be a massive herd of migrating caribou stretching for miles.

Seeing those caribou marching single-file across the tundra puts what we're doing here in the Arctic into perspective said Miller principal investigator of the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) a five-year NASA-led field campaign studying how climate change is affecting the Arctic's carbon cycle.


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#Bloodsucking deer keds are spreading in Norwaya high moose population density and mild autumn weather result in a higher prevalence of deer keds (louse fly parasite).

A great deal of pine forest in the habitat of the moose has the same effect. These are the results of new research into how deer keds are spreading in Southeast Norway.

The findings of this Phd project can be used to limit the damaging effects of the parasite in the Norwegian landscape.

Deer keds were discovered first in Norway in Halden in 1983. The parasite sucks blood principally from cervids (moose roe deer

and red deer) but it also attacks humans and other livestock. In Finland the parasite is regarded as a major obstacle to people's enjoyment of nature during the autumn

when it swarms and there are reports of increasing numbers of cases of skin inflammation in people bitten by deer keds Knut Madslien has monitored the spread pattern of deer keds in Fennoscandia produced a description of pathological hair loss

in moose in Southeast Norway in 2006/7 and studied environmental factors which can be favourable for the parasite and possible pathogens in the deer ked and its host.

The spread pattern was studied with the help of questionnaires amongst hunters and by using the website www. flattogflue. no.

The results showed that the parasite's area of distribution now stretches from Lillesand in the south to Elverum in the north with the greatest density along the border to Sweden.

The outbreak of hair-loss in moose in Southeast Norway in 2006/7 was probably due to an extraordinary high prevalence of deer keds

which in turn was caused most probably by a combination of high moose density and the particularly mild autumn of 2006.

A study of 350 moose killed in seven municipalities in Southeast Norway revealed that the coats of all the animals were infested with keds

but the density of the parasites varied to a significant degree. Madslien points to a clear positive connection between the amount of pine forest in the habitat of the moose and the infestation intensity of deer keds in the coats of the moose.

Madslien found a high prevalence of bacteria of the genus Bartonella spp. both in the moose's blood and in the keds themselves.

Whereas moose outside the distribution range of the ked were infected with only one type of Bartonella bacterium moose inside the distribution range were infected with two different Bartonella bacteria.

These findings indicate that moose are a reservoir for Bartonella spp . and that deer keds act as vectors for Bartonella bacteria infections.

However it is not yet clear to what degree these bacteria can cause disease. Measuring the stress hormone cortisol in the moose's coat was used as a method for appraising the long-term effect of the deer ked on the health

and welfare of moose but Madslien found that in general there was little connection between the number of deer keds the weight of moose at the time of slaughter and the level of cortisol in the hair.

This indicates that moose can tolerate limited amounts of the parasite relatively well. Madslien carried out his doctoral research at the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (VI)

but researchers engineers and students at VI the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH) the University of Oslo (Uio) Hedmark Univeristy College (Hihe) the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research

(NINA) Sweden's National Veterinary Institute Uppsala University Hospital Sweden and the University of Oulu Finland were key collaborators.

Knut Madslien defended his doctoral research on 4th june 2013 at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science with a thesis entitled Deer ked (Lipoptena cervi) and moose (Alces alces) in Norway--interactions


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