which are produced exclusively in the fall in response to stress. These pigments act like sunscreen for leaves blocking out damaging radiation and providing protection from excess light.
Some health experts recommend baking your own tortilla chips from 100 percent corn tortillas and adding only as much salt as you prefer.
and health concerns are part of the reason: When it comes to health the Mexican cuisines cater better to that with salsas
and vegetables Alexandra Aguirre Rodriguez an assistant professor of marketing at Florida International University told the AP. Follow Marc Lallanilla on Twitter and Google+.
Well-planned seed collections can also capture valuable traits like adaptations to drought and disease
and vegetables experience other factors that increase their risk of dying such as health conditions or stressful lives the researchers said.
and vegetables (2 cups of fruit and 2. 5 cups of vegetables with a half-cup being one serving) according to Harvard School of Public health.
and vegetables a day and a 2013 report from the U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that Americans eat less than three portions a day.
With increasing evidence of their health benefits policy-makers may need to consider broader initiatives to promote fruit
and vegetable consumption particularly vegetables and salad the researchers wrote today (March 31) in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
and stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. 11 Surprising Facts About the Endocrine system Normally nonpregnant women can have almost double the amount of prolactin circulating in their body than men according to the National institutes of health.
Similarly a condition called liver cirrhosis can cause lactation by disrupting the organ's normal hormone-metabolizing function.
Health issues that affect the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus which normally inhibits the release of prolactin can also cause male milk production.
For example a 2010 study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal documented lactation in a man with a pituitary tumor.
Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts Soft and creamy enough to be put in pies and called dessert sweet potatoes are also a surprisingly nutritious vegetable.
and beta-carotene has been linked to anti-aging benefits cancer prevention and helping maintain good eyesight. While the orange variety is the most common in the United states sweet potatoes also come in white yellow pink and purple varieties.
Here are the nutrition facts for sweet potatoes according to the U s. Food and Drug Administration which regulates food labeling through the National Labeling and Education Act:
Heart health Sweet potatoes are a great source of B6 vitamins which are brilliant at breaking down homocysteine a substance that contributes to the hardening of blood vessels and arteries.
It also means that sweet potatoes could be helpful in regulating blood sugar in people with TYPE II DIABETES (scientists are currently looking into it.
Stress Sweet potatoes contain magnesium the go-to mineral for de-stressing. It promotes relaxation calm
and nerve health. Immunity and anti-inflammatory properties One sweet potato contains about half our daily recommended intake of Vitamin c.
Vitamins A and E also support a healthy immune system and are powerful disease-fighting antioxidants.
While orange sweet potatoes contain more Vitamin a purple sweet potatoes are packed with the antioxidants cyanidin and peonidin All of these pigment-related antioxidants have excellent anti-inflammatory benefits
which are useful for overall health as well as inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. Skin and hair Vitamin a can help protect against sun damage
and vitamins C and E are well-known beauty supplements.##They encourage healthy glowing skin and collagen growth.
which aids in maintaining a healthy digestive tract and helps keep you regular. Cancer prevention The NIH reports that some studies have suggested that beta-carotene may reduce the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women.
If eaten in moderation and prepared in a healthy way (that means not just indulging in sweet potato fries) sweet potatoes are a nutritious delicious food that should pose no significant health risks.
But for a vegetable they are high in carbohydrates 23 grams per medium sweet potato and calories about 100 calories vs. 45 calories in broccoli.
People with a history of kidney stones may want to avoid eating too many sweet potatoes as the vegetable contains oxalate
which contributes to the forming of calcium-oxalate kidney stones. Furthermore sweet potatoes contain potassium and phosphorus which is something that those with chronic kidney disease may want to avoid.
Given that sweet potatoes are in general very nutritious you don t need to cut them out of your diet
unless a doctor advises it. Sweet potatoes and yams are used often interchangeably in recipes but they are quite different
You should make an appointment with your health care provider for a prenatal checkup. If the test is still negative take another test at five weeks.
Most practitioners don't see patients until they are eight weeks along so you may need to wait a few weeks before actually seeing a specialist.
or a history of problems in giving birth you should see the health care provider sooner than that.
Some pregnancy symptoms can start at this point including fatigue and exhaustion. Higher hormone levels direct more blood flow to your breasts causing them to be tender and sore.
Though morning sickness doesn't usually begin for a few weeks some women may experience nausea or vomiting at this stage.
At this point and throughout the pregnancy you should avoid alcohol caffeine recreational drugs and smoking.
Certain medications and foods should also be avoided consult with your health care provider to make sure none of your medications are harmful to the fetus.
talk to your health care provider about adding them to your diet. Leafy greens like spinach deliver both of these nutrients
and avoid birth defects. Citrus foods are also naturally high in folate so a calcium-enriched orange juice is a great addition to any breakfast.
The American Pregnancy Association recommends talking to your health care provider before beginning or continuing an exercise routine
Focus on cardiovascular health to keep your heart healthy and strength training to help lessen the potential for lower-back pain throughout the pregnancy u
so she should wait until then to avoid anxiety over a false negative test and to keep from wasting money.
Other symptoms of the pregnancy at this point include fatigue and exhaustion. Also higher hormone levels direct more blood flow to the breasts causing them to be tender and sore.
Though morning sickness doesn't usually begin for a few weeks some women may experience nausea or vomiting at this stage.
At this point and throughout the pregnancy you should avoid alcohol caffeine recreational drugs and smoking.
You should also avoid certain medications and foods; consult with your health care provider to make sure none of your medications are harmful to the fetus.
This is when you should start developing good eating habits. To help the fetus grow What to Expect a pregnancy advice website suggests eating three servings of lean protein on a daily basis. This will help with tissue development.
and avoiding birth defects. Citrus foods are also naturally high in folate so a calcium-enriched orange juice is a great addition to any breakfast.
Talk to your health care provider about adding a prenatal vitamin to your diet. The American Pregnancy Association recommends talking to your health care provider before beginning
or continuing an exercise routine but exercise is very important at this stage. Focus on cardiovascular health to keep your heart healthy
and strength training to help lessen the potential for lower back pain throughout the pregnancy. e
But despite the image of Ebola as a virus that mysteriously and randomly emerges from the forest the sites of the cases are far from random said Daniel Bausch a tropical medicine researcher at Tulane University who just returned from Guinea
5 Things You Should Know In a new article published today (July 31) in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Bausch
and Guã ckã dou the remote epicenter of first cases of disease is far off the beaten path Bausch said.
Some preliminary analysis of blood samples collected from patients with other diseases before the outbreak suggests people in this region were exposed to Ebola previously
A poor economy results in weak health care systems that are prepared not to respond to an outbreak and lack even basic health resources.
It is not at all uncommon for the hospitals in the region to not have protective gloves masks clean needles
and disinfectants Bausch said. being unprepared to contain an infectious disease may even turn the health care setting into a hub for further spread of the disease he said.
Poverty pushes people farther into the forests. Even if the Ebola virus had been circulating in Guinea for some time animals carrying the virus
or other pathogens are not usually in the vicinity of humans but rather deep in the forests with little chance of coming into contact with people.
However impoverished people tend to move into such territory in search of resources. 10 Deadly Diseases That Hopped Across Species Poverty drives people to expand their range of activities to stay alive plunging deeper into the forest to expand the geographic as well as species
Nature Newsa plague of crop-eating caterpillars has struck Liberia and a second wave could spread across West Africa in the next few weeks,
Those in hot, arid regions may be losing trees because of drought stress. Even if rainfall is stable,
and his team captured may be symptoms of climatic stress that make the forests more liable to such catastrophes.
These changes in mortality rates are really an indication of overall system stress, and when trees are stressed,
and raised fears of a potential threat to human health. Last week, a joint mission of 22 international health and veterinary experts returned from investigating the outbreak with more questions than answers about the virus's pathology and epidemiology.
The Ebola Reston virus was discovered first, in 1989, in crab-eating macaques imported to the United states from the Philippines.
yet had no effect on the 25 people that it infected unlike three of the four other strains of Ebola,
and worrying, says Pierre Rollin, an Ebola expert at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia,
as the avian influenza virus is thought to have done. And we still don't know what it might do to someone who is immunocompromised by HIV or by drugs,
Rollin adds. But there seems to be little threat to human health from the current form of the virus. It is destroyed by cooking,
and there is no evidence of symptoms in pig handlers, who will soon be tested to find out
if they have developed antibodies to the virus. The investigation into the Ebola Reston infections began after farmers in the Philippines reported high mortality rates in their pigs in 2008.
samples from 28 dead pigs were sent to the Plum Island Animal disease Center in New york, where researchers found evidence of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, also known as blue-ear pig disease,
This virulent, biosafety-level-4 pathogen requires special laboratory facilities, so the pig samples were rushed to the CDC labs in Atlanta for further analysis
. Despite the presence of other diseases in the samples including swine fever, and the porcine circovirus type II Rollin thinks that Ebola Reston is to blame for the pigs'deaths
Further pathology tests are due to begin in spring at the Australian Animal health Laboratory in Geelong, Victoria.
and on 13 january, health officials collected blood and tissue samples from hundreds of apparently healthy pigs there.
the pigs may carry antibodies that should indicate an approximate mortality rate associated with exposure. Rollin suspects that,
the infections resulted from contact with a reservoir of the virus, rather than spreading from animal to animal.
and the threat of infection could be reduced by moving fruit trees, where the bats roost, away from pig farms,
The new legislation aims make the approval of these compounds more uniform throughout Europe There was also growing public concern that the existing system lets through pesticides that endanger people's health.
toxic to reproduction or have equally dangerous properties, says Elliott Cannell, co-ordinator at the Pesticide Action Network in London.
substances classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction; endocrine-disrupting; persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic;
or very persistent and very bioaccumulative will, except in certain circumstances, be banned throughout Europe. The EFSA will then draw up a list of approved pest-destroying ingredients that can used in crop-protection products.
as at present, an assessment of the risk to health and the environment posed by their application.
The negotiators have opted to temporarily define it as products that show some evidence of carcinogenicity and toxicity for reproduction.
for example, that the fungicide carbendazim classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction as well as metconazole and tebuconazole, also fungicides considered to be endocrine disrupting,
and doing them does not create some kind of greater harm. Lenton thinks that more such ideas,
The best birth control is economic prosperity â Â rich people have fewer babies. We don't know why,
the Chinese government sent a team of botanists to Xishuangbanna at the time a hinterland where diseases ran rampant to test
Wheat genes could help fight fungal epidemics: Nature Newsas farmers around the world anxiously monitor the march of a deadly orange fungus across their wheat fields,
The results are welcome news as plant pathologists race to arm themselves against an ongoing epidemic of stem rust (P. graminis) caused by a recently emerged fungus called Ug99 (see'Wheat fungus spreads out of Africa'.
'The epidemic was isolated first in Uganda and has since spread eastwards into Iran. From there, pathologists believe wind currents may sweep Ug99 spores into India and, eventually, China.
Meanwhile, new types of stripe rust that can overcome the defences bred into commercial varieties have sparked a separate epidemic in the United states. It is amazing that we are still fighting this battle,
and we are losing, says Jorge Dubcovsky, a plant geneticist at the University of California, Davis,
One problem is that breeders have relied traditionally on disease-resistance genes that are very effective
says James Kolmer, a plant pathologist at the US Department of agriculture in St paul, Minnesota. It has been exposed to so many rusts in many different environments for a long period of time,
or work out how it confers resistance to fungal diseases. This week in Science, Beat Keller of the University of Zurich in Switzerland, Evans Lagudah of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Canberra
The gene encodes a protein that is similar to molecular transporters that have been implicated in drug resistance.
The team speculates that the proteins work by transporting metabolites that impede fungal growth to the site of the infection.
which requires a live host less time to establish an infection, the researchers say. Dubcovsky discovered the second fungi-fighting gene several years ago
he noticed that it was more resistant to rust infection than strains with normal protein content.
Neither Yr36 nor Lr34 can fully protect wheat against infection. In one study, infected wheat carrying only Lr34 had stripe rust covering 60%of its uppermost leaf
Ma stresses, however, that myriad approaches needs to work in parallel to make fundamental changes in the situation-including sufficient financial backup, policies with clear incentives and sanctions, law enforcement,
when there is no scientific evidence of danger to health or environment; once approved the crop may be cultivated in all 27 member states.
Nature Newsresearchers warn that the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in China is poisoning air, soil and water and say farmers could cut their use of the fertilizers without compromising crop yields.
Although Hui Zhen Sheng from the Shanghai Second Medical University in China and her colleagues have reported creating human-rabbit embryos (Y. Chen et al.
who shared the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973, presented wild chicks with model birds bearing spots and measured how much they pecked at the model.
Zinc-finger nucleases have recently been used to create human immune cells that are resistant to HIV (see'Designer protein tackles HIV'.
Swine flu: Nature Newsa new strain of swine flu-influenza A (H1n1)- is spreading around the globe.
This timeline will be updated continually with key dates, drawing on authoritative information from the World health organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other sources.
For more on the situation see the Nature News swine flu special, and read updates on The Great Beyond blog.
26 january 2010: THE WHO defends itself against allegations it overhyped the dangers of H1n1 under pressure from vaccine manufacturers at a hearing of the Council of europe's health committee.
Let me state clearly for the record. The influenza pandemic policies and responses recommended and taken by WHO were influenced not improperly by the pharmaceutical industry,
says Keiji Fukuda. 2 january 2010: China's ministry of health confirms there have been 659 deaths from H1n1 in the country as of 2 january.
A spokesman warns of the danger of an explosion of outbreaks in some places. 27 december 2009:
THE WHO 1230/en/index. html>says over than 208 countries, territories and communities have reported H1n1 cases,
or against using neuraminidase inhibitors (Relenza and (Tamiflu) for preventing influenza complications. An accompanying editorial says,
The review and a linked investigation undertaken jointly by the BMJ and Channel 4 News cast doubt not only on the effectiveness
and safety of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) but on the system by which drugs are evaluated, regulated, and promoted.
After around 65 million people have been vaccinated, THE WHO says H1n1 vaccines appear to have an excellent safety profile.
None of the deaths investigated in those vaccinated have found a direct link to vaccination.
2 november 2009: Ministry of Health of Ukraine 1103/en/index. html>reports it has recorded over 250,000 cases of influenza-like illness, with 70 deaths.
1 november 2009: 1106/en/index. html>WHO reports that more than 199 countries and overseas territories have confirmed laboratory cases of H1n1, with over 6, 000 recorded deaths.
Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization issues vaccination advice to THE WHO, including use of a single dose of vaccine in adults and adolescents and use of any licensed vaccine for pregnant women.
vaccinations get underway in many European countries. 18 october 2009: 1023/en/index. html>This week, Mongolia, Rwanda,
Australia begins mass swine flu vaccinations. 25 september 2009: European Medicines Agency recommends approval of two H1n1 vaccines, from Novartis and Glaxosmithkline.
15 september 2009: FDA approves four H1n1 vaccines, from CSL Limited, Medimmune LLC, Novartis, and Sanofi Pasteur.
10 september 2009: Two papers published in the New england Journal of Medicine show two new vaccines against H1n1 are likely to be effective after just one dose (paper 1,
paper 2). The obvious advantage of a one-dose schedule is that, in the current time of vaccine scarcity,
it doubles the number of people who may be vaccinated with a fixed amount of vaccine, writes Kathleen Neuzil, of PATH, in an accompanying editorial.
On the basis of these data, it would be appropriate to begin vaccination with the use of one dose of the usual antigen content.
3 september 2009: Novartis says a trial on 100 subjects shows its H1n1 vaccine is potentially protective for 80%of subjects after one dose and over 90%after two doses. 21 august 2009:
Healthy victims of swine flu should not routinely be given antiviral drugs, the World health organization useantivirals 20090820/en/index. html>warns.
3 august 2009: India confirms first death from H1n1, the victim being a 14-year old girl in the city of Pune.
29 july 2009: Researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warn that pregnant women might be increased at risk for complications from pandemic H1n1 in a research paper in eventid=login>The Lancet (hithardbyswi. html>more on this story.
28 july 2009: The death of a 22 year old university student in South africa marks the first death in Sub-saharan africa.
Two Australian companies say they have started human trials of their swine flu vaccines. 16 july 2009: WHO changes reporting requirements for H1n1
WHO antiviralresistance 20090708/en/index. html>says the three incidences of drug resistant H1n1 to date are sporadic cases of resistance.
At this time, there is no evidence to indicate the development of widespread antiviral resistance among pandemic H1n1 viruses.
Japan's health ministry reports that it too has detected a case of Tamiflu resistant H1n1.
The UK moves its swine flu response from'containment'to'treatment'.'Our national focus should be on treating the increasing numbers affected by swine flu,
says health minister Andy Burnham. 29 june 2009: The first case of Tamiflu resistant swine flu has been reported in Denmark 24 june 2009:
Argentinian authorities report that a pig at a pig farm in Buenos aires province has tested positive for the novel H1n1 strain,
making it only the second known swine infection outside of Canada. 22 june 2009: Chinese state news source Xinhua reports tests have begun on the first H1n1 vaccine developed in the country.
19 june 2009: South africa confirms its first case of swine flu-offically marking the disease's spread into Sub-saharan africa.
14 june 2009: The first swine flu death in Europe has been reported. A woman in Scotland who died with H1n1 had underlying health conditions, according to the Scottish government.
11 june 2009: Phase 6 has been declared. The world is in a full-blown influenza pandemic for the first time in 41 years.
9 june 2009: THE WHO reports that Inuit communities in Canada may be particularly hard-hit. It continues to face questions as to why a full-blown pandemic has not been declared.
8 june 2009: THE WHO adds a death in the Dominican republic to its list, bringing the number of countries that have reported deaths to six.
3 june 2009: H1n1 has reached Africa. THE WHO has 0603/en/index. html>confirmed a case in Egypt.
Cases in Australia stand at 501, the largest number outside of The americas. A report in Eurosurveillance estimates a reproduction number for the virus the average number of secondary cases generated by a single primary case of 2. 3 in Japan.
That's higher than estimates from elsewhere. The CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report suggests that the outbreak in Mexico may have peaked in late April 2 June 2009:
THE WHO says it is 6swineflupandemic get. html>inching closer to moving its pandemic alert status to phase 6,
which would denote official global pandemic status. 1 june 2009: June opens with 17,410 cases reported in 62 countries,
Medimmune, a biotechnology firm in Gaithersburg, Maryland, wins a $90 million contract from the federal government to begin developing a live attenuated vaccine for H1n1.
A New england Journal of Medicine article argues, in response to suggestions that THE WHO evaluate its criteria for moving to phase 6
and declaring a pandemic, that the global extent of a pandemic should be described objectively and should be just one factor in decisions about how to respond.
22 may 2009: Australia raises its alert level to'Contain, 'even as the Mexican government relaxes its restrictions in Mexico city.
However the pandemic alert level is still at five today, one level below a full pandemic.
THE WHO has 0511/en/index. html>confirmed swine flu deaths in Canada and Costa rica, bringing the total number of countries where fatalities have occurred to four.
A modeling study in Science suggests that the virus spreads at a rate comparable to that of previous influenza pandemics.
The CDC reports that hospitalization rates in the US are coming down, to 3. 5,
The Harvard School of Public health releases a poll in which 83%of Americans polled say they are satisfied with the way public health officials have managed the outbreak.
Still, 48%of parents with children in school think they or a family member will come down with H1n1 in the next year.
WHO 0506d/en/index. html>confirms swine flu cases in Sweden and Guatemala. 5 may 2009: Mexico's H1n1 shutdown should begin to ease tomorrow,
However, the Texas Department of state Health Services has confirmed a second person has died in the United states. The DSHS says a woman with chronic underlying health conditions died earlier this week.
but officials there say the disease seems to be on the decline. 3 may 2009: Ireland and Italy each report one case. 898 cases are reported now.
The agency also announces it will refer to the virus not as swine flu but as influenza A (H1n1.
THE WHO raises pandemic level alert to phase 5, a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent.
First swine-flu death outside Mexico reported as a baby dies in Texas. 161/nn200120/DE/Content/Service/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2009/082009. html>Germany joins European countries with H1n1
and confirms three swine flu cases. THE WHO confirms 7 more cases in Canada, bringing the total number there to 13.28 April 2009:
Seven countries are now reporting 0428/en/index. html>confirmed cases of H1n1 swine flu: the United states, Mexico, Canada, New zealand, the United kingdom, Israel and Spain.
27 april 2009: Canada reports six cases of swine flu and Spain reports one. In the United states 40 people have confirmed flu.
In Mexico 26 cases are confirmed, with 7 deaths resulting. Estimates for the true number of deaths hover around 80.
THE WHO 0427/en/index. html>raises pandemic alert level to 4 having confirmed human-to-human transmission able to cause'community-level outbreaks'.
'Phase 4 indicates a significant increase in risk of a pandemic but does not necessarily mean that a pandemic is a forgone conclusion,
says the organisation. 25 april 2009: WHO director-general, Margaret Chan calls the flu problem a public health emergency of 0425/en/index. html>international concern.
23 april 2009: Officials issue orders to close schools in Mexico city, beginning a process of limiting public crowds.
Three major soccer futbol games around Mexico city close stadium gates to all fans the weekend of April 25-26, with games broadcast on television.
Earliest onset date of swine flu reaching the United states, according to the CDC. 18 march 2009: Federal district of Mexico 0424/en/index. html>begins to pick up cases of swine flu.
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