In a secular setting movies and television shows dwell on the spectacle of corpses--everything from a vampire's gory victim to a body on an autopsy table as a pathologist and assistant chat nearby.
Medical experts caution that such tattoos may be risky and many tattoo artists refuse to do them to avoid legal complications.
#Sports medicine specialists make pitch to prevent overuse injuries in young athletesit stands to reason that young people who play organized sports are going to get injured.
But while young athletes are susceptible to the ankle sprains wrist fractures and other acute injuries that are common among competitors of all ages numerous studies indicate that approximately half of the sports-related injuries among children
and adolescents in this country are caused by overuse. These injuries--pitcher's elbow swimmer's shoulder runner's knee tennis elbow tendinitis--are the result of repetitive stress on tendons bones and joints.
Because they develop gradually over time they are not as obvious as bruises or breaks and can be more difficult to diagnose and treat.
Overuse injuries in young people are said definitely preventable Dr. David Martin an orthopedic surgeon at Wake Forest Baptist Medical center.
But the incidence of overuse injuries in young athletes has increased at a much quicker rate across all sports for reasons that are no mystery to sports medicine experts.
and many more single-sport athletes said Martin who is director of sports medicine for Wake Forest University athletics and team physician for the Winston-salem Dash minor-league baseball team.
and this type of early specialization leads to more stresses and more overuse injuries than you normally would see.
Playing different sports on the other hand is good for young people on multiple levels said Dr. Daryl Rosenbaum who specializes in family medicine and sports medicine at Wake Forest Baptist.
You want to develop overall athleticism even if you hope to excel in one sport and playing different sports definitely helps with that said Rosenbaum who has been a team physician for the U s. Soccer Federation's under-20
and under-17 men's and women's national teams and served as medical director of this year's Winston-salem Open tennis tournament.
You also want to avoid an overuse type of injury. It's tough to go pro
or be great in your sport if you injure yourself and fall behind everybody else. On the mental side of things there's avoiding burnout Rosenbaum added.
or sports in the future that can negatively affect their long-term health. That view is echoed by Dr. Michael Freehill a Wake Forest Baptist orthopedic surgeon who specializes in shoulder injuries and assists as team physician for the Winston-salem Dash.
Playing multiple sports when you're young up through high school is actually beneficial for all your sports said Freehill who pitched in the minor leagues for six seasons before attending medical school reaching the AAA level with two different organizations and making
or shoulder as you would by playing the same sport all the time Proper rest is also a key factor in minimizing the risk of overuse injuries.
But Martin for one believes that overuse injuries can be taken out of the picture. The key is said education he.
And it can't be just'Well the doctor says you can only throw so many pitches.'
Little league baseball is one example--they've actually changed the game by putting in rules to protect the players'health
and coaches to recognize the signs of overuse to catch things before they develop into real injury.
We need to be doing it with overuse injuries too and I think that will come.
The above story is provided based on materials by Wake Forest Baptist Medical center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
but it didn't Dr. Fayock said. Based on work by Doyle T. Hall in 1992 Dr. Fayock has created a model that describes how light is reflected by neutral hydrogen atoms coming from the interstellar medium and drifting through the heliosphere.
Neutral particles from space travel through the electrons and ions in the solar boundary and swap electrons with the plasma inside the boundary to generate another highly energized hydrogen atom called an energetic neutral atom (ENA.
Based on the flux densities Dr. Fayock's model maps out the heliosphere and its features like where the heliopause area is expected to be.
When Voyager data is compared to Dr. Fayock's models there is a close correlation. As the model gets farther from the sun things start to change based on the location of the heliopause he said.
The impact of the work Brian is doing is said significant Dr. Gary Zank heliophysics professor and director of the Center for Space Plasma and Aeronautic Research (CSPAR.
which the Voyager team released recently said Zirnstein whose advisor is Dr. Jacob Heerikhuisen assistant professor of physics and assistant director of CSPAR.
Zirnstein's work sheds a great deal of light on the IBEX measurements said Dr. Zank. Tying together the IBEX global view with the extremely microscopic view of Voyager is very important.
For example NASA's Dr. Fayock says funding is drying up for his Voyager work and he is holding on to the hope that an upcoming UAH graduate student may see value in continuing it.
Taking a momentary break during a hectic day CSPAR Director Dr. Zank indulges a visitor to his office by setting aside mounds of calculation-laden journal proofs he's reading
and humans are extinct this craft could still be out there in orbit Dr. Zank said where it will exist for billions more years.
and Policy Program a joint program of the Fielding School of Public health and the School of law shows that in at least one case the system failed by approving a chemical called methyl iodide for use on strawberries.
It is known to cause lasting neurological damage including psychiatric symptoms and chronic movement disorders resembling Parkinson's disease.
It is also a developmental toxicant that has been shown to impair fetal development and cause fetal death at low doses. Combined with a second fumigant chloropicrin methyl iodide was introduced as a substitute for methyl bromide a widely used pesticide slated for phase out by 2015 due to its ozone-depleting properties.
While the methyl iodide-chloropicrin mixture was a promising alternative in terms of performance it raised substantial human health issues.
In addition to highlighting the deficits in the agency's process the report makes a number of recommendations aimed at better protecting public health including:
They also had higher concentrations of a key amino acid greater photosynthetic rates and better fledgling seed growth than controls#all presumed signs of better fitness in evolutionary terms.#
if a gene gives you a lot more seeds per plant compared to controls it s likely to increase the plants fitness
if it would have a fitness benefit or a cost or be said neutral#Snow.##oewith most types of herbicide resistant genes there s no benefit to a wild plant
either selectively neutral in wild plants or if they have a benefit it depends on environmental factors like insects diseases
#A snack helps reduce cardiovascular risk in obese childrenresearchers at the Universitat de Valã ncia Universitat Politã cnica de Valã ncia (UPV) Doctor Peset University Hospital
and tested the effectiveness of a new apple snack impregnated with tangerine juice that reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in obese children
The snack developed at laboratory scale at the premises of the Institute of Food engineering for Development of the Universitat Politã cnica de Valã ncia stands out for its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
and functional value of the snack a study was conducted involving 48 obese children aged 9 to 15 who were being treated at the Department of Paediatrics of the University Hospital Doctor Peset.
The modification of oxidative stress in adipose tissue (or fat tissue) can help in the prevention of cardiovascular risk associated with childhood obesity
and in the long term prevent diseases such as atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by the accumulation of fat cholesterol
and other substances) said Dr. Pilar Codoã er head of the Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Doctor Peset and professor in the Department of Paediatrics at the Universitat de Valã ncia.
The American Journal of Botany is one of the 10 most influential journals over the last 100 years in the field of biology and medicine according to the Biomedical & Life sciences Division of the Special Libraries Association.
and that will reduce water flow The researchers speculate that the ring of pectin around the torus functions as a buffer to help relieve mechanical stress during the deformation of the pit membrane
while also helping to prevent embolisms--the spread of air pockets in the tree. In wood fallen to the forest floor it controls the rate that fungi advance through the wood cells to cause decay
and fractionation difficult--the first step in extracting natural chemicals from wood to make products ranging from medicinal polymers to sugars that are the basis for bioenergy systems.
a toxic protein produced in its leaves and stems which kills pests in a matter of days.
Perfect#Except when insect populations develop resistance to the toxin! To date management strategies implemented to delay the evolution of resistance have been successful.
Notwithstanding the success of these strategies IRD scientists and their South african partners have revealed now that a major pest of maize the moth Busseola fusca has developed an unusual defense mechanism against Bt toxin in South africa.
Bt maize and resistance developmentgenetically engineered maize is created by introducing a gene into the plant genome that expresses a toxic protein from a bacterium i e.
Both the leaves and stems of Bt maize produce this toxin which destroys the gut of any moth larvae eating the plant.
the aim being to maintain pockets of insects that remain susceptible to the toxin. In line with other known cases of Bt-resistance resistance in Busseola fusca was expected to involve modification of the cells in the gut wall
which prevents the toxin from binding. Crucially this type of adaptation is inherited recessively: both parents must be resistant to produce fully resistant offspring.
Implicationsin South africa most farmers are still cultivating single-toxin Bt maize. In many cases they need to apply at least one pesticide spray which makes planting of Bt varieties less attractive.
In the medium term single-toxin Bt maize is being replaced progressively by a stacked variety producing two different toxins
but in a worst case scenario one cannot exclude that Busseola fusca could also quickly adapt to varieties expressing more than one toxin.
Such perspectives could include a more diverse array of toxins for the control of pest populations possibly supplemented with a biological component such as pathogenic fungi or parasitic wasps.
impairs forest health. The paper reports on 15 years of data from an ongoing field experiment in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New hampshire led by study co-author Charles Driscoll Jr. professor of environmental systems engineering
It is accepted generally that acid rain harms trees but the value of our study is that it proves the causal link between the chronic loss of soil calcium caused by decades of acid rain
and now this demand is being linked to the contamination of Central america's crocodilians. New research published in Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry analyses blood samples from spectacled caiman in Costa rica and finds that intensive pesticide use in plantations leads to contaminated species in protected conservation areas.
In Costa rica which ranks second in the world for intensity of pesticide use the problem of contamination is compounded by environmental conditions and lax enforcement of regulations.
Frequent heavy rains can wash pesticides from plantation areas leading to contamination and the reapplication of sprays to the crops said Grant.
or washing application equipment in rivers also contributes to contamination downstream. The team collected blood samples from 14 adult caiman and analyzed them for traces of 70 types of pesticide.
This suggests that either pesticides pose a health risk to caiman or that pesticides harm the habitat
and food supply of caiman thereby reducing the health of this predator. As long-lived species atop the food chain crocodilians provide an integrated assessment of the fate of pesticides in tropical areas
#More and more Danes infected with MRSA bacteriain 2012 1556 Danes were found positive with methicillin-resistant staphylococci--MRSA.
MRSA bacteria are resistant to antimicrobial agents that are essential for treatment of treating life-threatening infections in humans.
Otherwise healthy people may carry MRSA without showing any symptoms or signs of infection. The problem with people who are carrying MRSA is that the bacteria can spread at hospitals if not discovered in time.
Of the 1556 people positive 54%had an infection when MRSA was identified. In immunosuppressed people or hospitalized patients MRSA can lead to serious infections.
As in previous years the number of hospital acquired cases continued to be very low:
67 in 2012 compared to 58 in 2011. In contrast the number of community-acquired MRSA rose from 596 in 2011 to 726 in 2012.
Community acquired cases were seen often in connection with family visits abroad receiving family visitors from abroad
whom 92 had an infection at the time of diagnosis (63 in 2011). The continued increase in the number of cases of MRSA particularly in people who are in contact with pigfarms causes problems both for those affected
MRSA guidelines are effective The low incidence of hospital-acquired infections indicates that the Danish regulations function very well
As a consequence of the continued rise in the number of MRSA cases the MRSA guidelines from the Danish Health and Medicines Authority were revised in November 2012.
and patients are asked about contact to pigs when admitted to hospital. Follow-up on the effect of treatment on otherwise healthy MRSA carriers has also been tightened up.
and the occurrence of this MRSA type in tank milk may be attributable to contamination from pig production explains Yvonne Agersã¸Senior Researcher at National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark.
FACTSMRSA bacteria MRSA is short for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. When bacteria are exposed to antimicrobial agents they protect themselves by developing resistance.
They do so by altering their DNA--either through mutation or by transferring resistance genes between bacteria.
It is therefore important to only use antimicrobial agents as required to prevent overuse. Staphylococci are bacteria found in humans animals and in our surrounding environment.
Staphylococcus aureus can cause a wide range of infections ranging from superficial wounds and abscesses to serious infections such as Osteitis and Endocarditis.
In hospitals Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of post-surgery infections. In 2012 MRSA was identified in 1556 people.
Only 67 people were infected at hospitals which is at the same level as in 2011 (58 cases).
Of those infected with pig-type MRSA 92 (40%)had an infection when the diagnosis was made compared to 62 (38%)in 2011.
The incidence of MRSA in humans in Denmark is still low compared to many other countries in Europe.
The risk of meat constituting a source of MRSA infection in humans is considered still to be very small.
and its ability to adhere in wet conditions make it viable as an internal implant. To understand what makes this material both waterproof
What we learn from them can teach us more about human muscle mechanics to potentially improve physical therapy treatments
and further understand diseases attacking the muscular system. But logistically looking at the protein structures within a moth's muscle cells is no easy task.
Dr Sue Ward the Senior Research Associate for the project at Lancaster Environment Centre said:
Dr Ward said the study would be of interest and relevance to ecological and climate change scientists and policy makers.
but it can also mean suffering from seasonal allergies seasonal allergies. Ragweed pollen and lingering mold can create double the symptoms for some allergy sufferers.
The daunting task of yard work can be favorable for allergy sufferers if they know how to reduce allergens in the areas surrounding the home said allergist Richard Weber MD president of the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI).
Many people think you can only control the environment inside the home but there are also precautions you can take to help eliminate allergens outside as well.
While completely avoiding pollen and mold is an impossible feat the following tips from ACAAI allergists allergists can help you breathe a little easier.
Timing is Everything--The midday and afternoon hours might seem like the best time for yard work
if you have pollen allergies. Pollen counts are the highest during this time making early morning and evening hours more suitable.
and shirts to prevent skin irritation while keeping allergy-causing stinging insects away. Choose Wisely--The worst allergy offenders might be in your own yard.
If you are considering adding new trees grasses and plants into your landscape be sure they aren't the worst offenders.
While everyone's allergies are different these are typically safe:#¢#¢Trees: Apple Dogwood Pear Plum Begonia flower#¢Plants and Flowers:
Taking allergy medication long before you head into the great outdoors can help suppress allergy symptoms.
ACAAI allergists recommend taking your medication two weeks before symptoms start and continue well after the first frost.
For those with severe seasonal allergies an allergist may prescribe immunotherapy also known as allergy shots which provide great relief.
The above story is provided based on materials by American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI.
Several obstacles face planners and growers including soil contaminants water availability and changes in climate and atmospheric conditions.
Several contaminants can be found in urban soils and lead is the most prevalent. While there is concern about plants taking up lead from soils research suggests that they actually take up very little.
but those sources must be monitored for contaminants and perhaps treated. Changes in atmospheric and climate conditions in cities compared to rural areas can also be obstacles for urban growers.
Along with its benefits to wildlife the sale will directly benefit local communities living around the protected area by allocating 50 percent of the net revenues of carbon sales to improve local infrastructure provide health
According to principal investigators Dr Matthew Struebig and Anthony Turner from the University of Kent's Durrell Institute of Conservation Ecology (DICE) these findings challenge a long-held belief that there is limited
Dr Struebig Lecturer in Biological Conservation from DICE explains:''Recent studies have emphasised similar numbers of species living in unlogged
'says Dr Struebig.''For biodiversity simple measures such as setting artificial nest boxes for bats and birds may
#Vaccinating cattle against E coli could cut human cases of infection by 85 percentvaccinating cattle against the E coli O157 bacterium could cut the number of human cases of the disease by 85%according to scientists.
The bacteria which cause severe gastrointestinal illness and even death in humans are spread by consuming contaminated food and water or by contact with livestock feces in the environment.
The vaccines that are available for cattle are used rarely but could be significant. The research was lead by a team of researchers at the University of Glasgow in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh the Royal Veterinary College Scotland's Rural College Health Protection Scotland and the Scottish E coli O157/VTEC
Reference Laboratory. The study published in the online journal PNAS used veterinary human and molecular data to examine the risks of E coli O157 transmission from cattle to humans
and to estimate the impact of vaccinating cattle. The risk of E coli O157 infection is particularly significant
when the cattle are'super-shedding'--excreting extremely high numbers of bacteria in their feces for a limited period of time.
Vaccines against the bacteria exist that can reduce super-shedding. As a consequence the researchers predict that vaccinating cattle could reduce human cases by nearly 85 percent far higher than the 50 percent predicted by studies simply looking at the efficacy of current vaccines in cattle.
These figures provide strong support for the adoption of vaccines by the livestock industry and work is now underway to establish the economic basis for such a program of vaccination.
In addition research is continuing in Scotland by the same collaborative grouping to develop even more effective vaccines that would further reduce the impact on human disease.
Lead author Dr Louise Matthews Senior Research Fellow in the Institute of Biodiversity Animal health and Comparative Medicine said:
E coli O157 is a serious gastrointestinal illness. The economic impact is also serious--for instance studies in the US suggest that healthcare lost productivity
and food product recalls due to E coli O157 can cost hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Treating cattle in order to reduce the number of human cases certainly makes sense from a human health perspective
and while more work is needed to calculate the cost of a vaccination program the public health justification must be taken seriously.
In Scotland an average of 235 culture positive cases of E coli O157 infection per year (i e. people who had the organism in their stools) were notified to Health Protection Scotland from 2008 to 2012.
The vaccines that are available currently have poor take-up: one version in the US is licensed not fully
because medicines for veterinary use must show that animal health is improved. This is problematic because E coli O157 does not harm cattle
and assessing the impact of treatment involves coordination between human and veterinary health practitioners. Senior author Professor Stuart Reid of the Royal Veterinary College added:
We increasingly recognize the fact that we share a common environment with the animals we keep
--and inevitably the pathogens they harbor. This study is an excellent example the interface between veterinary and human medicine
and of the concept of'One Health'in action--controlling infections in animals can have a major impact on public health.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Glasgow. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference e
#Flame cultivation promising as weed control method for cranberrycranberries are important agricultural commodities in states such as Massachusetts Wisconsin New jersey Washington and Oregon.
Amanda Bayer lead author of the research study explained that most often horticultural best management practices (BMPS) are used to conserve water
and improved water conservation compared with traditional irrigation practices Bayer said. Bayer and colleagues Imran Mahbub Matthew Chappell John Ruter and Marc van Iersel from the Department of Horticulture at the University of Georgia published their research findings in the August 2013 issue
of Hortscience. We designed a project to quantify the growth of Hibiscus acetosella'Panama Red'in response to various soil water content thresholds explained Bayer.
The team performed the experiments in a greenhouse and on outdoor nursery pads using soil moisture sensors to maintain soil water content above specific thresholds.
and at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus. Bayer explained that the studies were conducted in two different U s. Department of agriculture hardiness zones (Tifton 8b Watkinsville 8a) to compare plant responses under different
Bayer added that along with reduced water use and growth control more efficient soil moisture sensor-controlled irrigation could greatly reduce leaching allowing for reductions in fertilizer applications.
and effective way without having to resort to a trial-and-error approach says Dr. Ron Scattergood a professor of materials science
and high-temperature alloys for nuclear energy applications says Dr. Mostafa Saber lead author of the study and a postdoctoral research scholar in materials science and engineering at NC State.
Noting that high temperatures can be challenging to modify the authors recommended that growers could reduce the irrigation interval during hot days to prevent heat stress.
but also in its prevention says Ms Anu Ruusunen MSC who presented the results in her doctoral thesis in the field of nutritional epidemiology.
The study was based on the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study. The participants over 2000 middle-aged or older Finnish men were followed-up for an average of 13-20 years.
and food frequency questionnaires and information on cases of depression was obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register.
The effects of the three-year lifestyle intervention on depressive symptoms were investigated in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) with 140 middle-aged men
Depression is one of the leading health challenges in the world and its effects on public health economics and quality of life are enormous.
Not only treatment of depression but also prevention of depression needs new approaches. Diet and other lifestyle factors may be one possibility.
and manure fertilizers associated with MRSA infectionsresearchers from Geisinger's Henry Hood Center for Health Research
and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health have for the first time found an association between living in proximity to high-density livestock production and community-acquired infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus commonly known as MRSA.
and soft tissue infections in the study population could be attributed to crop fields fertilized with swine manure.
The study is the first to examine the association between high-density livestock operations and manure-applied crop fields and MRSA infections in the community.
The results were published online Sept. 16 in JAMA Internal medicine. According to the U s. Food and Drug Administration nearly 80 percent of antibiotics in the United states are sold for use in livestock feeds.
The manure produced by these livestock and applied to crop fields contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria resistance genes
and about 75 percent of the antibiotics consumed by the animals. For the study researchers utilized Geisinger's sophisticated electronic health record system to identify patients with MRSA infections and skin and soft tissue infections.
The two groups were compared to patients who never had a MRSA infection. Patients received an exposure score based on their distance from the production the number of animals at livestock operations the amount of manure spread on crop fields and the size of the field.
The researchers noted that between 2005 and 2010 there were about 3000 patients with MRSA and 50000 with skin and soft tissue infections who were diagnosed
and treated in the Geisinger Health System. Of these cases 1539 cases of community-associated MRSA and 1335 cases of health-care-associated MRSA met the study requirements.
The researchers found a significant association between community-associated MRSA and application of swine manure to crop fields.
A similar but weaker association was found between swine operations and community-associated MRSA. No association was found between dairy farms and MRSA infections.
The study shows the utility of electronic health records for demonstrating the unrecognized public health consequences of operations with environmental impacts said Brian Schwartz M d. MS senior author
and environmental epidemiologist who splits his time between Geisinger Health System and Bloomberg School's Department of Environmental Health Sciences.
Funding for the research was provided by the New york University-Geisinger Seed Grant Program the Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future the Johns Hopkins Sommer Scholarship and the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences Training Grant ES07141. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Geisinger Health System.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
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