say that they have been surprised by the"violence and immediacy of scientists criticisms. They argue that most of the critics are not toxicologists,
Need for flu surveillance reiteratedthe emergence of the H1n1 influenza virus that leapt from pigs to humans in 2009,
Vietnam, says that the study"certainly underscores the need for surveillance of mammals. But he adds that humans, poultry,
wild birds and other species are also important targets for surveillance, and endemic countries have limited resources."
"The importance of the surveillance is not in question. The issues are how to undertake it in a smart,
global pandemics and/or deliberate biological attacks? To further improve preparedness, we must continue to invest in the best public health monitoring systems that can be built.
To the contrary, teachers unions are consistently on the front lines fighting against initiatives to attract and retain the best teachers,
bolstered surveillance used to detect contamination problems earlier, and responded to illness outbreaks faster. I am also working to bolster the use of organic farming methods
In one case, James Murray, another geneticist at the University of California, Davis, was told in 2003 that the USDA had rejected his proposal to develop a goat that produces milk rich in human lysozymes enzymes that fight diarrhoeal disease
a war, complete with armed marksmen and camouflaged saboteurs, is about to erupt from the hedgerows.
Both sides claim science as their ally. At issue is the badger (Meles meles), one of the largest predators left in The british Isles after millennia of human occupation.
Animal-rights activists   a potent force in Britain   are furious, and are planning protests,
Battles over wildlife management are hardly unique to England. In the United states, environmentalists and ranchers spar over wolves,
The plan included increased surveillance and security measures on farms, as well as what the government described as a"science-led policy of killing badgers in areas of high bovine TB.
and a six-year drug war. Enrique Pe  a Nieto will have his hands full
the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) controlled the country for seven decades until 2000.""Many of these things will take more than six years, points out Ezcurra."
Europe s Ariane  5 rocket launcher, which is more expensive than competitors, was the focus of fraught discussions:
I think it's just a general weak pathogen of plants, Leonard says, something that can infect plants
held at a field gene bank in Papua new guinea (PNG), is under threat from a disease outbreak close to the gene bank.
but distinct from, the bacteria that cause the better known Lethal Yellowing disease that attacks palm species. Ironically,
everyone will be placed better to assess the threat both to coconuts and livelihoods in general
Fungus that controls zombie-ants has own fungal stalkeran article by Scientific American. An unsuspecting worker ant in Brazil's rainforest leaves its nest one morning.
A specialized but global threat The ants best known for getting zombified by the Ophiocordyceps fungus are tree-dwelling carpenter ants found in Brazil and Thailand,
fights for females and food with a formidable horn. Thomas Martin, Jean-Philippe Sobczak & Hendrik Dietz, TU Munichentomologist J Â rgen Schmidl collects arboreal insects in San Lorenzo forest by fogging trees with biodegradable insecticides.
It s a serious offence either way
Seven days: 30 november 6 december 2012nasa/JHUAPL/Carnegie Inst. Washington/NAIC, Arecibo Observ. Water ice on Mercury Craters on Mercury may hold as much as one trillion tonnes of water ice,
The move is the latest in a three-year legal battle between Myriad Genetics, a diagnostics company in Salt lake city
Ultimately, Miller and Duren envisage a trio of geostationary satellites that would allow constant surveillance of greenhouse-gas emissions not just over Los angeles,
The attacks are a protest at the suicide of Aaron Swartz, an Internet activist who killed himself earlier this month.
Stem-cell reforms California s US$3-billion stem-cell agency the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in San francisco is to reform its governance structure to minimize conflicts of interest,
Global Fund boost Germany has announced a donation of  1  billion (US$1. 3  billion) to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS
Other nations are also stepping up the fight. Last week the Nicaraguan government reportedly declared that it would include coffee rust on a list of special research projects designed to safeguard the country s agriculture.
ratios of oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in the core show that some 6, 000 Â years after the onset of the Eemian,
000 kilograms-force per square centimeter), the boron nitride pellets formed round lumps about two millimeters across that were"colorless and totally transparent,
The data in the new study only show how the nano-twinned boron nitride responded to indentation loads with up to seven newtons of force."
The company says that it intends to resolve the dispute and is working separately to settle the USDA s previous complaint by 31 january.
the high court ended a 3. 5-year legal battle in which two researchers working with adult stem cells challenged the legality of the National institutes of health (NIH) funding the work,
The company is embroiled in intellectual-property disputes with two other firms in a prenatal genetic testing market potentially worth billions (see Nature 486
This idea makes such intuitive sense that biologists are stunned now by genome-sequencing data suggesting that the sponges were preceded by complex marine predators called comb jellies.
"They haven t really done anything to resolve this ongoing dispute
Alert over South korea toxic leaksby Mid-december, the chill winter winds had stripped South korea s trees bare.
Surveillance-camera footage seen By nature shows two workers attempting to connect a hose to a valve on top of a HF tank.
and self-contained breathing apparatus because they did not initially understand the threat posed by HF. Almost a day passed before they began using calcium hydroxide to neutralize the acid,
there may be more immediate threats to forests in the next 20 to 30 years from extreme weather events.
"The take-home message is that social learning learning from others rather than through individual trial and error is a more potent force in shaping wild animals behaviour than has been recognized so far,
David Wiley, research coordinator at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration's Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary in Scituate,
midway between Shanghai and Beijing the first case from Shandong province (not shown on map.
well-established avian flu virus H5n1 may help to target H7n9 surveillance and control efforts. The map shows human cases of H7n9 (blue circles) superimposed on a risk map developed for H5n1,
and health officials to target their surveillance and control efforts. For H5n1, researchers integrate large data sets that combine information on many potentially important factors, such as poultry trade routes,
and as well as positive H5n1 results from active surveillance in markets. Marius Gilbert, a co-author of one such study published in PLOS Pathogens in 20111,
risk modelling and mapping were discussed as one means to devise targeted surveillance. Such information could also be used to help to modify farming and trade practices to reduce the risk of human exposure to the virus. As more is learned about H7n9,
and Republican senator Roger Wicker (Mississippi) was charged with threatening injury and death by the Federal bureau of investigation on 18 april.
So daunting are the challenges that the team plans to ask the engineering arm of the Brazilian military for help.
said Jerry Melillo, a senior scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts,
and tell public health workers where the public health threat lies. But with H7n9, it is only the appearance of new human cases that shows where the silent spread in birds
But despite intensive surveillance of poultry, wild birds, pigs and other animals, the animal reservoirs remain largely unknown.
to discuss the surveillance and other measures needed to try to prevent the introduction of the virus. Nailing down the transmission routes of the virus in China alone is a huge challenge;
Martin will convene a meeting of international experts to be at the FAO in Rome to help draw up surveillance guidelines for China and the wider region.
 It's too soon to say how big a threat H7n9 poses because we don't know how many animals
It would be next to impossible to detect H7n9 through routine surveillance for sick poultry among China s 6 Â billion domestic birds."
29 march 4 april 2013uk open access Rules making publicly funded research in the United kingdom free to read came into force on 1 Â April.
setting up water-recycling plants and establishing an emergency headquarters to deal with extreme air-quality problems.
and improved aerial and ground surveillance to monitor the threat. Bird flu deaths Two men have died after being infected with a type of bird flu never before seen in humans
GM crop deal Two agricultural biotechnology giants agreed on 26 Â March to settle a lengthy legal battle over patent rights to next-generation genetically modified (GM) soya beans.
Scientists stress that it is much too early to do a full risk assessment of the potential pandemic threat.
or maybe because of shortcomings in surveillance or reporting. A key requirement now, Peiris says, is to track down which birds
These findings, published online today in Nature1, could help scientists to design insect repellents to combat malaria, dengue and agricultural pests.
or emigrate and helped catalyse the country s bloody war of independence from Great britain. Working from 150-year-old dried leaves, two competing teams have sequenced now the genome of the single-celled organism that wreaked havoc on The irish potato crop.
eventually resulting in The irish War of Independence in 1919. Long before it hit Europe, P. infestans probably circulated in the Toluca Valley in central Mexico,
Weigel s team also found nothing in the nuclear genomes of the famine strains to explain their ferocity.
An online media surveillance tool can track concerns and rumours about vaccines as they occur in real time.
if trust in vaccines falls. 18-21 may The American Society for Microbiology holds its annual general meeting in Denver, Colorado,
with scientific discussions including threats from the avian influenza viruses H7n9 and H5n1. gm. asm. org21-23 may The Pasteur institute in Paris hosts an international symposium on HIV research,
Nuclei are held together by the strong nuclear force, which acts against the electrostatic repulsion that pushes protons apart.
But calculating the interplay of these forces from first principles is complex, and theorists have devised instead several competing models to describe the structure of nuclei,
which describes the strong and weak nuclear forces and the electromagnetic force, leaves several basic questions unanswered.
The foxes on Mednyi Island one of Russia s Commander Islands in the Bering sea are a subspecies of Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) that may have remained isolated for thousands of years.
They screened for four common canine pathogens in foxes captured on Mednyi Island and in the pelts of museum specimens of Commander Island foxes.
and that the costs of such cases could force people to keep quiet in the face of legal threats.
since early 2011, has written a public letter stating that he was jailed for refusing to cooperate with Iranian military projects.
US$60-million battle to bring the first genetically modified (GM) animal to US dinner tables   a struggle that may be nearing its end.
the fish pose no significant environmental threat to the United states when grown in landlocked tanks,
Environmental groups are preparing to take the battle to consumers by fighting the sale of the fish in grocery stores across the country.
Yet even with regulatory approval, the battle over Aquabounty s salmon will be far from over.
Aquabounty s long struggle has discouraged other US companies from producing GM animals for food. Mark Walton, chief marketing officer at Recombinetics, an animal-biotechnology company in St paul, Minnesota, says that his company will focus initially on medical applications   using modified farm animals as disease models
Considering pesticides along with other known threats to biodiversity may be crucial for halting species declines, she says.
but not revolutionary, he says. Although no wine presses have been found at Massalia, Dietler thinks that it is only a matter of time before one turns up.
Marine-reserve veto Proposals to create two huge marine reserves in Antarctic waters were blocked by Russia on 16 Â July at an international meeting in Bremerhaven, Germany.
Plans put before the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR which oversees fishing activity in Antarctica,
Turing is regarded as a hero of the Second world war for helping to break the German Enigma code.
reaching 4. 11 Â million in 2012, according to Home office data released last week. The 8%increase over 2011 figures was driven largely by greater use of genetically modified and other mutant animals.
28 july-1 august Scientists discuss conflicts between humans and wildlife at the 50th annual conference of the Animal Behavior Society in Boulder,
The virus poses no health threat to humans. The US Department of agriculture (USDA) had tried to keep PEDV and other diseases out of the country by restricting imports of pigs and pork products from certain nations, such as China.
US Department of agriculture"It s a real threat, says Lisa  Becton, a veterinary surgeon and director of swine health information at the National Pork Board, an industry group in Des Â
The threat of cordgrass is especially acute on Chongming Island, home on its eastern end to the 24,000-hectare Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve declared a region of international ecological importance by the Ramsar Convention, a global wetland-conservation treaty.
But in 2012, its makers, BASF Plant science in Limburgerhof, Germany, announced that, because of hostility to GM products in Europe,
as well as in conflict-ridden regions such as Pakistan and Sudan. Ehsan Dulloo, head of conservation at Bioversity International, an agricultural-research organization in Rome, says that securing samples for placement in gene banks is important to protect species from destruction by natural calamities or war, for example.
Khoury notes, for instance, that wild relatives of the faba bean, found only in war-torn Syria,
owes more to simple physical forces than to the skill of bees, according to a new study.
California head The United states flagship public university system may soon have its first woman president.
But as an army of combines marches across the wheat fields of eastern Oregon, the mystery of the transgenic intruders is fresh in the minds of investigators at the US Department of agriculture (USDA),
which some have suggested could be activist sabotage.""We may never know who actually released it,
He says that any saboteur would have been taking a gamble that the GM wheat would be found.
The battle does not end there: the main parliament will vote on the issue in September,
This raises the threat that H7n7 will reassort and become able to spread to humans.
Better surveillance of Chinese bird populations is needed to monitor the emergence of dangerous viruses such as H7n9,
David Morens, an influenza researcher and senior adviser at the US National institutes of health in Bethesda, Maryland, says that the evolutionary pathway that the viruses followed suggests that more surveillance
an epidemiologist at Columbia University in New york city, says that surveillance is not a foolproof solution.
Ample horns are a ram s ticket to reproductive success. During the breeding season, males fight for access to females,
In 2012, APHIS regulators invited Mackenzie to the organization s headquarters in Riverdale, Maryland, and questioned her about this hypothesis. APHIS eventually notified her that it would not regulate her plants a decision that Mackenzie says has accelerated her research
the US Air force Space Command announced on 12 Â August that it will shut down a key component of a network that monitors orbital debris and space objects.
The Air force Space Surveillance system dubbed the space fence, will close by 1 Â October. Two of the system s nine radar stations were deactivated in April.
Kokabee has said that he was pressured to cooperate in an Iranian military nuclear programme. This is the first time that the human-rights prize has been awarded to a person in prison.
but the authors say that the country does not have adequate surveillance in place to determine
if any, to recommend to NASA headquarters for further review. To secure funding from the space agency, the Kepler team will have to show that the studies could not be done by other telescopes.
Forest management plans in a tanglein the middle of metropolitan San francisco stands an army and many Bay Area residents want it to stay garrisoned there.
Among the biggest threats are fungi and oomycetes, similar but distinct groups of microbes, which cause plant diseases.
and to avoid conflict zones in the war-torn country. It is a daunting task that has required more than two years of planning."
The effort, funded by the US National Science Foundation and the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, might also help to resolve a simmering dispute.
the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology today fulfilled its threat to retract a controversial paper claiming that a genetically modified (GM) maize causes serious disease in rats,
Alleged conflicts of interest are at the centre of the latest round of controversy. Lepage called for the resignation of  Anne Glover, who was appointed chief scientific adviser to the European commission two years ago and
Conflicts of interest with the European Food safety Authority (EFSA) in Parma, Italy, which is responsible for assessing the risks of GMOS,
China battles army of invaderswhen China kicked open the doors to international trade in the late 1970s,
because we are recording actual gunshots. We helped to expose, for example, that there was a lot more illegal hunting going on in Loango National park in Gabon than had been thought,
Ask the guys patrolling areas that are much too large for the size of their force
ministers and scientists will discuss measures to fight poaching including national task forces, tougher legal action against ivory traffickers and greater use of the military against heavily armed poachers."
Using sound to combat elephant poacherssome positive outcomes from the CITES meeting are already being seen on the ground,
for example, is now prosecuting more people for ivory offences than in the past. And the United states which in a show of intent earlier this month publicly crushed 6 Â tonnes of ivory seized at its borders since 1989,
because we weren t looking for conflict. We did all the risk assessments; we did all the things you have to do to get permission to go outside.
The two world wars, the Great depression and a 1987 international treaty on ozone-depleting chemicals put a surprising dent in the rate at
as they recovered after the Second world war. But Estrada and his colleagues found that it folllowed a reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions associated with economic downturns
Significant drops in emissions occurred during the First world war, the Great depression of the 1930s and the Second world war."
"When the wars end and you have large economic growth, the emissions of CO2 rise fast
and you have the onset of modern climate change, says Estrada. For the 1940-70 period, the way the paper shows how economic factors drove emissions down is"very nice,
"It s a careful examination and offers some strength to the argument that the change in accumulation rates of radiative forces in the atmosphere do influence temperature,
China and northern Australia (see Fruit threat). The outbreak in Jordan, reported on 29 Â October (F. Â A. Â Garcia et al.
but the fungus poses less of a threat to the bulk of the bananas that provide a staple for some 400 Â million people worldwide.
and markets endophyte-hosting turf varieties that repel pest attacks without being toxic to animals.
saying that the government has estimated under  the threat that climate change poses to the bears food supply,
The blast at Mitsubishi Materials in Yokkaichi, about 300 Â kilometres west of Tokyo, occurred
But some researchers who study firearms violence have called for better safeguards against gun ownership by those who are mentally ill (see Nature 496,412-415;
Turing s work in the Second world war helped to break the German Enigma cipher, and his concept of a universal Turing machine, a programmable system that stores and processes information, is considered a cornerstone of computer science (see Nature 482,441;
whose cameras will hitch a ride on the International Space station (see'Earth goes under video surveillance').
The biggest customers of conventional commercial imaging satellites are governments, in particular intelligence agencies and the military.
Military psychology Many mental-health programmes designed for the military and their families are not based on good science,
The US Department of defense needs to evaluate the psychological help it provides to veterans to ensure that its services are effective
such as depression and anxiety, plaguing veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Sea sickness Europe s seas are in poor health.
It is expected to include a request for a US$1 â billion fund to fight climate change. 5-7 march The Wellcome Trust biomedical charity hosts the Genomic Disorders 2014 conference in Cambridge, UK.
But the surge in H7n9 flu cases highlights the continuing public-health and possibly pandemic threat that it poses.
and its geographical expansion is a reminder of the threat beyond China. Furthermore, although case numbers have shown signs of dropping in the past two weeks,
H7n9 surveillance is difficult in part because the virus causes only mild disease in poultry and thus spreads silently, with human cases typically the first warning of a poultry outbreak.
The difficulty of surveillance and of sampling China s huge poultry industry it produces 6 billion birds annually means that this is unlikely to be the full picture
Photoshotpoliticians vow to get tough on poaching A major political meeting in London has agreed to ramp up the fight against illegal wildlife trafficking
and Prevention and the Department of defense announced on 13 Â February that they will team up with 26 Â countries,
the poachers are armed better â Â We re seeing increasing levels of violence, he said.
there was a sense at the meeting that the attention now being given to the subject might bring changes that will make a difference to animals currently under threat."
since the global ban on ivory came into force in 1989.""We are resolved to continue the fight against trafficking
and to remove any temptation to recover the seized ivory for black-market sales, said French environment minister Philippe Martin. UK animal research The british government says that it is committed still to cutting the number of animals used in research,
and a pack develops into a predation force. He fears that a decade without significant moose predation would leave the fir trees devastated.
Dangerous research Animal-rights extremists are increasingly making their attacks personal. A 12 march report by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology says that since 2000
nearly 50%of attacks by extremists have targeted individuals rather than institutions, compared to 9%over 1990-99.
Undefined illness The US Institute of Medicine cannot define Gulf war illness, which plagues veterans of the 1990-91 war with symptoms of fatigue, pain, memory loss and gastrointestinal disorders.
The diversity of symptoms and the lack of a diagnostic test prevented a single definition,
and care for veterans. The department argues that the condition should not be treated primarily as a mental illness.
which follows bitter international battles over water rights, will mark the first time that the United states and Mexico have put water back into the parched riverbed for environmental purposes.
Cellulosic ethanol fights for lifeon the flat plains of Kansas, a stack of gleaming steel towers and pipes stretches 16 storeys into the sky.
market forces and government policies could choke its progress.""This is going to be a very critical year,
He and others see more promise in a different approach to breaking up cellulose a brute-force combination of temperature, pressure and chemistry.
Last year, an energy-department project to supply the US NAVY with advanced biofuels provided funding for four facilities that will all use thermochemical methods to make drop in fuels.
The bones derive from tribe members who were killed by German troops or who died in concentration camps in the early twentieth century
when Namibia was a German colony. Scientists used them for now-discredited research to determine anatomical differences between races.
US NAVY looks north By 2030, the Northern Sea Route a shipping lane running through the Arctic could be ice-free and navigable for at least nine weeks each year,
the US NAVY said on 24 Â February in its Arctic roadmap. The Northwest Passage an alternative shipping route through the Arctic could be open five weeks each year
Would you stand in the way of a gunshot to its midsection in favor of wrapping a baggie around its head?
We know that wolf attacks are extremely rare yet you comment that It's really more surprising that nobody has ever been attacked before now.
Black bears are much more prevalent in Minnesota yet bear attacks are also extremely rare. The dearth of evidence (low incidence of attack) seems to suggest that wolves foxes coyotes
and bears are all pretty good at avoiding human beings. Then again I'm not as expertly trained on the subject as you are.@
Don't pay any attention to the reports that coyote attacks are steadily increasing (pets and even small children.
The attack was unusual--wolves pretty much leave humans alone--especially single wolves. So there's a pretty good chance that there was a problem with the animal.
Unprovoked attacks on humans by large predators like this is a major safety concern. Trapping is needed necessary and highly effective.
The attack IS CONFIRMED by the Minnesota DNR. Historically there are records of fatal and non fatal attacks on humans by wolves in North america.
However due to present day standards for verifying attacks those that happened one hundred plus years ago don't count by today's standards.
History repeats itself. Why is the lower 48 states so important? Do our U s. citizens in the upper 1 state not count nor our friendly Canadian neighbors to the north eh?
Investigators found no evidence in any of the wolves of contributing factors to the attack such as rabies disease defense of food or habituation to human food.
This type of attacks has happened in increasing frequency in the northern sector of Minnesota because wolves have killed its prey base!
and thought out attack. We fought for about 30 seconds before I killed him. he bit
and seems to have been involved in a completely unprovoked attack. Trapping and killing this wolf was an obvious necessity.
or trapping the fact that they caught this wolf in the same campground within 3 days of the attack would provide ample evidence to proceed
but only if they managed to do so immediately after an attack before it ate something else
or know the struggles many rural folks are facing today with everything from livestock/pet depredations loss of hunter opportunity to human safety.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011