Nature Newsafrican forest-dwelling elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) are a separate species from those living in the African savanna (Loxodonta africana),
Nature Newsbuffeted by the economic crisis and a drop in the oil price, US producers of corn ethanol are encountering increasing scepticism from the legislators on Capitol hill even as producers of the'greener'cellulose-derived ethanol struggle to move beyond basic research and development.
Nature Newsresearch Policy Events People Business Trend watch Research Crop catalogue A global search to gather the wild relatives of essential food crops such as wheat,
See go. nature. com/l8mgn2 for more. Higgs hunt extended A 15-month shutdown to upgrade the Large Hadron Collider is set to be delayed by a year to the end of 2012.
See go. nature. com/py46rh for more. Venus probe flop In a bitter disappointment for Japan's space agency,
500 patient studies are in progress at any given time (see Nature 466,172; 2010). ) The same board voted to establish a translational-medicine centre at the NIH (see page 877 for more.
See go. nature. com/mbhs6a for more. TB diagnosis The World health organization (WHO) said on 8 december that a test that can rapidly diagnose tuberculosis (TB) was a'major milestone'for disease control.
Nature Newswe all struggle to communicate after a sleepless night, let alone pull off our best dance moves,
or as an everyday consequence of the busy nature of hives. Bees bustle around, frequently bumping into each other, he says.
Nature Newsinternational negotiators did needed what they to do in Canc  n, Mexico, to keep the United nations climate talks from collapsing into the failure that many had feared.
David Victor, director of the Laboratory on International law and Regulation at the University of California, San diego, calls the global nature of the agreement tremendously important,
Nature Newsresearchers have traced the key genetic changes that enabled the plant pathogen responsible for the 1845 Irish potato famine (Phytophthora infestans) to jump from wild plant hosts to cultivated potatoes.
Nature Newspolicy Events People Business Research Trend watch Coming up Policy New NIH institute? The US National institutes of health (NIH) may create a centre devoted to translational medicine,
As Nature went to press, a board of advisers to NIH director Francis Collins was set to vote on a proposal to create an institute to house The cures Acceleration Network,
See go. nature. com/sg21hh for more. Food safety Sweeping food safety legislation was passed by the US Senate on 30 november
See go. nature. com/xh4vxo for more. Synchrotron cuts Under pressure from the nations that fund it, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble
See go. nature. com/w9iqke for more. People Misconduct finding In a fraud inquiry overshadowed by an anonymous Internet campaign,
See go. nature. com/ik1pgp for more. Klein stays on The head of a US$3-billion stem-cell agency has reversed his decision to quit,
Bob Klein (pictured), chairman of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine in San francisco (see Nature 468
See go. nature. com/onn3nt for more. Business Pharma chiefs After four years as chief executive of New york-based drug company Pfizer, Jeffrey Kindler announced his retirement on 6 december.
See go. nature. com/osc3vz for more. Nuclear agreement As part of a series of commercial deals with France announced on 6 december,
and engineers in rebuilding Haiti after January's earthquake. go. nature. com/utb4cs Â
Left turn saves snails from snakes: Nature Newsevolutionary advantage often makes for show-stopping stuff a cheetah's speed, for example,
or a moth's almost perfect mimicry of tree bark. In some snails, however, it's simply down to a poor fit with a snake's jaw.
a study1 published today in Nature Communications suggests. Snail genera tend to be either dextral (right-coiling) or sinistral (left-coiling
Nature Newspolicy Business People Research Trend watch Coming up Policy German GM CROPS The highest court in Germany has upheld a law that makes planters of genetically modified (GM CROPS liable
Patient protection US President Barack Obama has asked his bioethics commission to review the recent discovery that US government-funded scientists intentionally infected subjects with syphilis in a study in Guatemala in the 1940s (see Nature 467,645;
See go. nature. com/j3ixm6 for more. Bisphenol A ban The European commission has agreed to ban the common chemical bisphenol A from baby bottles across the European union by mid-2011.
and Wildlife Service has set aside roughly 484,000 square kilometres in Alaska and the surrounding seas as a'critical habitat'for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus),
See go. nature. com/iy9xbq for more. Research Temperature hike The figure of 0. 05 0. 13 °C for the world's warming during the past decade has been underestimated by around 0. 03 °C,
and food security in response to climate change in the region. go. nature. com/b4gqxb 2 december Commercial spaceflight company Spacex, of Hawthorne, California,
Nature Newsjust a few key aspects of climate change could wipe out up to half of the annual gain in the standard of living for the average European household by 2080.
Nature Newsas Malaysia prepares to convert around 7, 000 hectares of forest into an oil-palm plantation,
Nature Newsa slime mould long thought to hunt bacteria as prey turns out to have unexpected abilities: according to researchers in Texas, some of the amoebae are actually farmers,
Nature Newspolicy Research People Business Trend watch Coming up Number crunch Policy Haiti's cholera fight Health officials have outlined plans for a proposed cholera vaccination
See go. nature. com/pshdef for more. Permit for mountaintop mine revoked The US Environmental protection agency (EPA) has revoked for the first time a permit for mountaintop mining.
and maintaining US water resources (see Nature 467, 1021; 2010. But the EPA has ruled that Spruce 1 Mine in the Appalachian mountains of West virginia presented major environmental and water-quality concerns,
See go. nature. com/bbkrbb for more. Climate records Last year was one of the two warmest years on record, according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA.
See go. nature. com/skf5zx for more. After artemisinin At least US$175 million is needed to halt the spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to artemisinins,
whether to extend the run of the Large Hadron Collider to the end of 2012 in search of the Higgs boson. go. nature. com/udrnvx 24 jan 4 feb The ninth session of the United nations Forum on Forests Â
2011 墉 takes place at the UN headquarters in New york. go. nature. com/potx5i Number crunch 18%The number of health advocacy groups receiving funding from Eli lilly in the first
Nature Newsresearchers have made genetically modified chickens that can't infect other birds with bird flu. The H5n1 strain of influenza which raged through Southeast asia a decade ago
Cobb-Vantress told Nature they have no plans to continue funding this work. All the companies are fairly sensitive to public perceptions,
Nature Newsthe world will be feed able to the predicted 2050 population of nine billion people, according to two French agricultural research organizations.
Nature Newswhen the planting season arrives later this year, farmers in the United states will have a new way to safeguard their crops from drought.
hoping to tap into a multibillion-dollar market (see Nature 466,548-551; 2010). ) In theory, drought-tolerant varieties could fill the gap left in maize supplies in recent years as stocks have been diverted for ethanol production.
Nature Newsbusiness Business watch Research Policy Coming up Business Solar subsidy cuts Spain's government is slashing subsidies to its photovoltaics industry by around 30,
Nature Newsan international effort to protect coastal wetlands by assigning them carbon credits kicked off last week in Paris. The aim is to do for some wetland plants mangroves, seagrasses and salt marshes
the environmental group in WASHINGTON DC that has been promoting the concept alongside the International Union for Conservation of Nature in Gland, Switzerland,
Nature Newspolicy Business Events Research People Trend watch Coming up Policy EU funding reform The European commission has launched a public consultation on the future of Europe's main research-funding mechanism.
the European Research Area Board, has recommended already that there be less political interference in the framework programme (see Nature 470,16;
See go. nature. com/hmkyod for more. Grants glitch Computer glitches forced Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council to shut down its online system for accepting funding applications last week.
As Nature went to press the system was still down. The council awards AUS$700 million (US$700 million) in grants each year.
Mohamed El Raey, a physicist at the University of Alexandria, told Nature Middle east that support for education,
For the latest news and interviews, see nature. com/arabawakening. Research Comet flyby NASA's Stardust spacecraft sped past comet Tempel 1 on 14 february.
See go. nature. com/fhikl9 for more. Peruvian artefacts Yale university in New haven, Connecticut, is to establish a museum
See go. nature. com/bhbgby for more. Forest rights The intensifying hunt for land for agriculture
See go. nature. com/ayiyo3 for more. People Stolen secrets A former research chemist at the chemical giant Dow was last week found guilty of stealing trade secrets,
Coming up 22 23 february In La jolla, California, leading genetics researchers gather to discuss the promise of human genomics over the next decade. go. nature. com/w8zzsx 23 february NASA's Glory
and the Sun's radiation output. go. nature. com/z3cke6 Â
Livestock plagues are spreading: Nature Newslivestock plagues are on the rise globally, owing to increasingly intensive farming practices and the world's growing taste for meat and other animal products.
The warning comes from scientists at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), based in Nairobi, Kenya,
Nature Newsone of the earliest human ancestors, Australopithecus afarensis, the most famous skeleton of which is commonly known as'Lucy,
Nature Newspolicy Research Business People Trend watch Coming up Policy US budget cuts? The Republican-controlled US House of representatives released a budget on 3 february that could mean cuts in federal science funding for the remainder of the 2011 fiscal year (March September.
See go. nature. com/mdzxmq for more. Stem-cell tangle The legal uncertainty over the status of research using human embryonic stem (ES) cells in the United states is harming work on stem cells in general,
See go. nature. com/189ljt for more. Scientific integrity The US Department of the interior laid out a new policy on scientific integrity on 1 february,
See go. nature. com/jdziwy for more. Europe united Heads of the European union member states have set themselves a deadline of 2014 for completing the European Research Area:
See go. nature. com/ffgeg7 for more. Retractions rise A case of scientific misconduct at the Research center Borstel in Germany is assuming alarming proportions.
See go. nature. com/kmyalr for more. Year of forests The United nations (UN) launched its International Year of Forests in New york on 2 february.
) See go. nature. com/1naxqr for more. Business Obesity drug upset US regulators have rejected another obesity drug,
See go. nature. com/jf2zct for more. ALS prize American neurologist Seward Rutkove has won a US$1-million prize for creating a noninvasive tool that tracks the progress of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS.
the Deep Impact mission targeted Tempel 1 five years ago. go. nature. com/1ho7bt 14 february US President Barack Obama submits his 2012 budget request. 17 21 february The American
Nature Newsfor conservationists, the promise seems almost too good to be true and some worry that it is.
Unveiled in May 2010 (see Nature 465,279; 2010), it would be the single biggest forest-protection deal ever,
Nature Newsscientists have come up with new evidence in support of the controversial idea that humanity's influence on climate began not during the industrial revolution,
Ruddiman also took issue with a high-profile Nature study3 published in 2009 by a team at the University of Bern,
In an e-mail to Nature, Stocker said that Ruddiman's latest paper merely reiterates in extenso all of the points made earlier.
Wolff points out that a modelling study6 that appeared in Nature in February this year,
Nature Newsmassive Amazonian characid fish may carry seeds more than five kilometres across forest flood plains,
Nature Newsto ecologists overseas, the invitation might sound tempting. It offers travel to Australia and unspecified remuneration to serve on an advisory panel considering a juicy scientific question:
Nature Newsclimate change is affecting the world in many ways. But attempts to directly link local changes in species distribution and biodiversity to climate warming hold little promise, ecologists warn in Nature Climate Change1.
First author Camille Parmesan, a population biologist at the University of Texas in Austin, explains why.
How much wildlife is harmed by global warming depends on how stressed the system is by all the other things humans are doing locally.
Nature Newsmodern botanic gardens are much more than just attractive strolling grounds. Many have labs in
Hulme first looked at the 34 plants on an International Union for Conservation of Nature list of 100 of the worst invasive species. For 19 of the 34,
Nature Newsan international treaty aimed at protecting and improving access to the world's plant genetic resources has obtained more than US$10 million from donors to fund its second round of research grants for helping
Nature Newsup to 6%of carbon-rich peat-swamp forests had been cleared in Peninsular Malaysia and on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra to make way for oil-palm plantations by the early 2000s,
Using a species extinction calculator model3 that examines the effects of land-use change on wildlife,
Nature News2011's biggest problem will be food, John Beddington, the UK government's chief scientific adviser, told a meeting in London on 28 february.
Nature Newspolicy Research People Trend watch Coming up Policy Irish election Scientists in the Republic of ireland hope that support for science will continue after the Fine Gael party came to power in elections held on 25 february
See go. nature. com/ftx2hu for more. Forest mission India will spend 460 billion rupees (US$10 billion) over a decade planting new forests
See go. nature. com/ghqimz for more. India's budget Indian scientists were disappointed by increases in funding for research agencies in the country's 2011 12 budget,
chairman of the prime minister's scientific advisory council, told Nature. These lollipops will not do. Research Shuttle swansong NASA's space shuttle Discovery launched for its 39th and final flight on 24 february, taking six astronauts as well as supplies and additional science capabilities to the International Space station on an 11
The commission met in part to discuss last year's revelations that US government researchers secretly gave syphilis to hundreds of Guatemalan prison inmates in the 1940s (see Nature 467,645;
See go. nature. com/4wm8te for more. People German plagiarism Germany's defence minister, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg (pictured), has resigned after a row over plagiarism in his Phd thesis. The University of Bayreuth withdrew Guttenberg's doctoral thesis
and cancer. go. nature. com/5lwqim 7 11 march Preliminary analysis of dust picked up from a distant asteroid last year by the Hayabusa spacecraft will be among highlights of the 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science
near Houston, Texas. go. nature. com/eugq9g 9 13 march The 10th International Conference on Alzheimer's
and focus on new possibilities for treating the conditions. go. nature. com/jcgygu Â
Seven days: 15 21 april 2011: Nature Newspolicy Events People Research Funding Trend watch Coming up Policy Wolf delisted The grey wolf will be removed from the US government's endangered species list in some northwestern states
as a result of a policy initiative tagged on to the US federal budget bill, which was approved last week.
See go. nature. com/xc5cnm for more. European networks The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) said on 14 april that it is considering eight areas 墉 including biotechnology, smart cities and ageing 墉 in which to fund new
See go. nature. com/tiilci for more. Virus sharing In the event of a future flu pandemic,
Lipscomb (pictured) helped to elucidate the nature of bonding between molecular clusters of boron and hydrogen atoms 墉 called boranes 墉 which did not obey principles known at the time.
See go. nature. com/l9923y for more. Funding Golden rice funds The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is giving US$18. 6 million to research on transgenic, nutritionally fortified rice and cassava.
See go. nature. com/uuyc6o for more. Chernobyl shelter An international fund-raising effort to help decommission the Chernobyl nuclear power station in Ukraine seemed on 19 april to have fallen short of its goal.
See go. nature. com/xmmfhk for more. Trend watch Patent filings received by the European Patent office in 2010 topped 235,000, an all-time high.
Austria. go. nature. com/xnyc4t 26 april The 25th anniversary of the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in
Nature Newsthe sight of a feather in a peacock's tail, Charles darwin wrote in 1860,
Nature Newsnearly US$20 million in new grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation will be spent on getting nutritionally enhanced rice and cassava to market and decreasing malnourishment in Asia and Africa.
Nature Newsmangrove forests in tropical regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans store more carbon than previously recognized,
according to a study published today in Nature Geoscience1. The findings indicate that much of the carbon in such forests is found in the surrounding soil,
Nature Newstackling pollution in rural areas, especially pollution from agricultural sources, will be a top priority for China in the coming years, Li Ganjie,
Nature Newsa scheme to pay people in developing countries to curb carbon emissions from deforestation is plagued by'leakage'trees that aren't cut down in one forest are just cut down in another to provide people with the resources they would have foregone.
which is published today in Nature Climate Change1. Fisher's team performed an in depth analysis of the area around the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania-a biodiversity'hot spot'-to find out how the United nations'enhanced Reducing Emissions from Deforestation
Wildlife threatened by Fukushima radiation: Nature Newsradiation released by the tsunami-struck Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant could have long-lasting consequences for the natural environment in the vicinity of the damaged Plant scientists estimate that in the first 30 days after the accident on 11 march, trees,
birds and forest-dwelling mammals were exposed to daily doses up to 100 times greater -and fish and marine algae to doses several thousand times greater-than are considered generally safe.
Radioecologists with The french Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (ISRN) in Cadarache converted concentrations of radioisotopes measured in the soil and seawater into the actual doses that various groups of wildlife were likely
The team then plugged those concentrations into a piece of software called ERICA (Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants) to calculate the radiation dose that various groups of wildlife would have received.
the Fukushima accident could help scientists to gain a better understanding of the effects of nuclear radiation on wildlife and the environment.
Nature Newspolicy Business Events Research People Trend watch Coming up Policy Smallpox stocks The World health organization (WHO) has failed to decide
See go. nature. com/7gmgck for more. Three Gorges Dam In an unusually frank assessment of problems caused by the controversial Three Gorges Dam in central China
See go. nature. com/auffmx for more. Carbon targets On 17 may Britain extended existing pledges to limit greenhouse-gas emissions beyond 2020.
Naoto Kan, then health minister and now prime minister of Japan, admitted partial government responsibility in the scandal (see Nature 379,663;
See go. nature. com/apeqr5 for more. Genome grants The US National institutes of health's ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) programme
See go. nature. com/9cmhbv for more. Royal Society intake Among 44 fellows elected to the Royal Society in London on 20 may were Nobel-prizewinning graphene researcher Kostya Novoselov of the University of Manchester;
See go. nature. com/bmauut for more. Trend watch The price of uranium oxide 墉 the raw material for uranium fuel 墉 climbed steadily last year after an earlier price collapse.
Coming up 25 27 may A host of eminent researchers speak at a free-to-attend conference on'Transforming the future of energy'hosted by the US Department of energy in WASHINGTON DC. go. nature. com/zjrmew 29 may 2 june A world congress
devoted to understanding the biological pathology behind psychiatric disorders is held in Prague. go. nature. com/uxjkz1 Â
Nature Newsfor Scott Cornman, the honeybee genome is prized a resource, yet he spends much of his time removing it.
soon after the honeybee genome was sequenced (Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium Nature 443,931-949; 2006), and for many it was a chance to marvel at a field transformed.
In cases in which nature cannot do the job some researchers are now exploring more direct ways of boosting bees'resilience.
Nature Newspolicy Events Business Research People Trend watch Coming up Policy Nuclear shutdown Obeying a 6 may request from Prime minister Naoto Kan,
See go. nature. com/iepb8n for more. Clinic shut down One of the world's most notorious stem-cell therapy centres had to cease operations last week
See go. nature. com/uku3t5 for more. Australian budget The feared Aus$400-million (US$430-million) cuts in government funding for medical research have not appeared in Australia's 10 may federal budget,
But as Nature went to press, it seemed that the four-year budget 墉
See go. nature. com/9bqrb2 for more details. Renewables report The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has released its first major report since 2007.
See go. nature. com/s547fr for more. Tevatron shutdown The Tevatron proton antiproton collider at Fermilab near Batavia
See go. nature. com/xwkhck for more. Business Stem-cell trials California's state stem-cell agency can for the first time say that it is funding a clinical trial.
See go. nature. com/2omjfp for more. Research Cholera in Haiti The cholera epidemic currently raging through Haiti was introduced inadvertently to the country through faecal contamination of river water,
See go. nature. com/ax7qth for more. Trend watch A pivotal paper by chemist John Fenn saw huge numbers of citations almost immediately after its 1989 publication,
See go. nature. com/gphgcp for more. Coming up 14 18 may The science and politics of protecting marine life is the focus of the 2nd International Marine Conservation Congress in Victoria,
Canada. go. nature. com/ukzje9 16 24 may The 64th World Health Assembly, meeting in Geneva,
whether to destroy smallpox stocks. go. nature. com/th3feu 16 19 may Eighteen Nobel laureates are participating in a symposium on global sustainability in Stockholm. go. nature. com/f7mow7 Â
Nature Newsthe European union (EU) and Liberia have signed a trade deal aimed at ending illegal exports of timber from the African country.
Nature Newsfarmers have produced less food during the past three decades than they would have done were climate change not happening, according to a study published today1.
Nature Newsa remarkable experimental study has yielded new information on the transmission of one of the world's most damaging animal diseases.
Nature Newsnuclear accidents can have devastating consequences for the people and animals living in the vicinity of the damaged power plants,
Nature Newsa nascent revolution in US agricultural science lost its leader last week. Roger Beachy, director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) in WASHINGTON DC, resigned his post,
Nature Newsdiplomats and analysts aren't the only ones preoccupied by the armed clashes and demonstrations in Yemen. Scientists and agricultural officials have been keeping watch on the turbulent nation as well,
Nature Newspolicy Funding Events Research Trend watch Coming up Policy Pathogen dangers A US panel has named the most dangerous pathogens with potential for misuse.
and migration organizations (see Nature 461,697; 2009). ) The Times newspaper reported on 17 june that the project had been abandoned;
See go. nature. com/egbwop for more. Horizon 2020 Europe's research-funding system after 2013 will be called'Horizon 2020 墉 the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation'
See go. nature. com/r4yblx for more. Events Primate peril Employees at a major US primate-research centre
See go. nature. com/xow5dw for more. Iran in orbit again Iran has placed its second satellite into orbit, according to state media.
See go. nature. com/ty8t3i for more. Smashing data The Large Hadron Collider has passed a key data milestone as it increases its rate of particle-smashing.
See go. nature. com/ouxsup for more. UK health research The UK government has promised that medical research will receive greater attention in its revised proposals for reforming the country's public health service,
See go. nature. com/x4qsbb for more. Trend watch The solar-energy industry's drive to cut costs got a sharp boost in June,
Coming up 25 墉 oe30 June The complexity of RNA biology features in the Federation of European Biochemical Societies congress in Turin. go. nature. com/kvlglw 25 june
¢â oe2 July An annual United nations Food and agriculture organization meeting in Rome debates rising global food prices. go. nature. com/l3naqa Â
Nature Newsforests are vital to the livelihoods of millions of people in developing countries, providing on average more than one-fifth of their annual income,
Nature Newswomen, beansprouts, cucumbers, bacteria, cows: the cast of the current European Escherichia coli outbreak is already a crowd.
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