and will, respectively, monitor Earth s magnetic field; global wind profiles; and clouds, aerosols and radiation.
The seventh Earth Explorer mission will provide scientists with yet another set of global data that are hard to come by on the ground.
Ernest Moniz, a physicist at the Massachusetts institute of technology in Cambridge. Moniz, who served as an undersecretary for energy under former president Bill clinton,
and to monitor the peculiar growth dynamics of tropical forests. For instance, most of the trees in a mature tropical forest are hardly growing,
says Markus Reichstein, a carbon-cycle scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany, who coordinates CARBO-Extreme.
a plant geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in T Â bingen, Germany, who co-led a study published today in the journal elife1."
10 16 may 2013radiation warnings Lawmakers in San francisco, California, agreed on 7 Â May to strike down an ordinance that required retailers to warn consumers about allegedly dangerous radiation from mobile phones.
Hawking row Physicist Stephen Hawking of the University of Cambridge, UK, has pulled out of a high-profile conference in Israel.
may also be pointing towards new tests of particle physics that could reveal why matter became more common than antimatter in the early moments of the Universe.
To look for more pears, Peter Butler, a physicist at the University of Liverpool, UK, and his colleagues fired a high-energy proton beam at a piece of uranium carbide in the ISOLDE isotope mass separator facility at CERN, Europe's particle-physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland."
"A whole cauldron of isotopes is made when you splat protons onto the target, says Butler.
and start spinning with extra energy that it then lost as a à Â-ray.
Data from à Â-ray detectors showed that radon 220 vibrates between a rough sphere and a lopsided shape
With two known pear-shaped nuclei, physicists can now start to tease apart the theoretical models.
At ISOLDE, a team led by Deyan Yordanov, a physicist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear physics in Heidelberg,
Germany, analysed the spectrum of ultraviolet light emitted by cadmium ions, which is influenced subtly by the shape of the nucleus. Cadmium nuclei are nearly spherical,
Even more enticingly, the experiments could probe basic physics. The standard model of particle physics, which describes the strong and weak nuclear forces and the electromagnetic force, leaves several basic questions unanswered.
For example, it cannot fully explain why there is more matter than antimatter in the Universe. If matter and antimatter behaved in the same way,
they would have annihilated almost entirely one another during the first few seconds of the Big bang, leaving little but radiation behind.
Various ideas proposed to supplant the standard model can account for the matter bias. They also predict that some nuclei should generate a weak electric dipole field
similar to the magnetic field of a bar magnet. If that is so, pear-shaped nuclei should have the strongest electric dipoles,
says nuclear physicist Gavin Smith of the University of Manchester, UK, who is not a member of Butler's team
The  1. 1-billion (US$1. 4-billion) infrared space telescope exhausted its stores of liquid-helium coolant on 29  April, at
Astronomers have hailed the legacy of the observatory, which over three years has helped them to revise theories about the birth
Research politics Physicist Maria Chiara Carrozza was appointed as research minister in Italy s new government on 27 Â April.
Jailed physicist Omid Kokabee a former physics graduate student who has been imprisoned in Iran since early 2011, has written a public letter stating that he was jailed for refusing to cooperate with Iranian military projects.
The letter, dated March 2013, was revealed By nature last week. In a separate private letter, Kokabee, who had been studying laser physics at the University of Texas at Austin,
claims that his expertise was sought for nuclear applications. See go. nature. com/4mught for more.
Skeletons show rickets struck the Medici familyas the wealthy rulers of Tuscany and patrons of Leonardo Da vinci and Galileo,
An examination of the bones, both visually and by X-ray, showed that six of the nine children bore convincing signs of rickets,
We have to understand those social dynamics as much as we have to understand the epidemiological dynamics of the disease.
The finding helps to explain prior reports that urban songbirds adopt more nocturnal lifestyles2-4 data that prompted Davide Dominoni, an ecologist at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Radolfzell, Germany,
says Niels Rattenborg, an avian sleep biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen,
including mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy, the researchers analysed residues inside Etruscan and Massaliote amphorae that had been retrieved from excavations in Lattara s merchant quarters.
Physicists are eager to study the details of a droplet s escape for the first time. Although an identical experiment has been going on in Queensland
Colorado. go. nature. com/qjdgeh29 July-6 August The American Physical Society will discuss plans for high-energy physics at a meeting in Minneapolis,
whether the honeycomb is an example of exquisite biological engineering or blind physics. A regular geometric array of identical cells with simple polygonal cross sections can take only one of three forms:
Physicist and bubble expert Denis Weaire of Trinity college Dublin suspects that they might, even though he acknowledges that"surface tension must play a role.
Indian power India s plans to expand its nuclear power capacity are moving ahead, despite public opposition following the Fukushima nuclear accident (see Nature http://doi. org/ckcr86;
NASA/ESA/M. Kornmessertrue blue planet Using the Hubble Space Telescope astronomers have discovered the deep blue hue of exoplanet HD Â 189733 Â b (pictured in an artist s impression) the first planet beyond the Solar system to have its colour directly measured.
Discovered in 2005, the planet orbits a star about 19 Â parsecs away in the Vulpecula,
or Fox, constellation. At Hubble s optical resolution, light from the planet and its star typically blend together.
But researchers found that the amount of blue light decreased when HD Â 189733 Â b ducked behind its star.
S. Wiessinger/NASA Goddard Space Flight Centerastronomers image pink exoplanet A magenta exoplanet 17.5 parsecs from Earth is the lowest-mass planet that has ever been imaged directly orbiting a Sun-like star
Hawaii, took pictures of the exoplanet GJ 504b at near-infrared wavelengths with the help of adaptive optics.
which is designed to show the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a power source (see Nature http://doi. org/nwq;
Human-rights prize Omid Kokabee, a physics Phd student jailed in Iran since January 2011, was on 23 Â September awarded the American Physical Society s Andrei Sakharov Prize,
NASA ponders Kepler s futurenasa just can t quit Kepler. On 15  August, the agency ann  ounced that it would stop trying to revive the failed reaction wheels that gave the planet-hunting telescope its precise pointing ability.
two weeks earlier, it had asked astronomers to submit ideas by 3 Â September on how the hobbled spacecraft might still perform good science.
Kepler scientists will sort through the proposals and decide by 1 Â November which ones,
To secure funding from the space agency, the Kepler team will have to show that the studies could not be done by other telescopes.
This will be no easy task especially given that engineers are not sure how well Kepler can perform with just two of its four spinning reaction wheels,
"We re in a real quandary, says Kepler principal investigator Bill Borucki at NASA s Ames Research center in Moffett Field, California."
"We just don t know what Kepler can do. With three working wheels (a fourth was a spare),
Kepler was able to exactly counter  balance the persistent push of sunlight, locking on to targets with such precision that light from a particular star always fell on the same tiny fraction of an individual pixel.
a different telescope, says Kepler scientist William Welsh of San diego State university in California. Kepler s drift could be minimized by keeping it pointed in the same plane in which the craft orbits the Sun. But that presents a complication.
Some of the best science is expected to come from follow-up observations of the field of about 150,000 stars that Kepler has been focused on,
and that star field does not lie in the plane. In one proposal offered up by Welsh and his colleagues,
when they pass in front of their parent star they produce a dip in light that can be detected by Kepler even in its compromised state.
which Kepler has recorded only a few transits those that take more than a year to orbit their star.
but Welsh suggests that it might also be possible for Kepler to add statistical significance to Earth-sized candidates for
And David Hogg, an astronomer at New york University, believes that, over the course of many months,
Kepler s drift could be used to map out the different light responses of the pixels. That calibration,
if detailed enough, could be enough for Kepler to resume its hunt for Earth analogues,
We just don t know what Kepler can do. Daniel Fabrycky, an astronomer at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has an alternative follow-up study in mind.
He and his colleagues have proposed looking at planetary systems in which densely packed planets are affected by one another s gravitational pulls creating periodic cycles in
Like Welsh, Fabrycky wants Kepler to zero in on planetary systems with long orbits, for which the full cycle of these transit-timing variations has not yet been seen.
But Andrew Gould, an astronomer at Ohio State university in Columbus, says that he is sceptical about using the craft to simply follow up on its original tasks
putting Kepler to work not as a planet hunter, but as a sentinel for near-Earth objects, including asteroids several hundred metres in diameter that might be on a collision course with Earth.
A survey of space rocks would take advantage of Kepler s large field of view. And at least part of the study could be completed with Kepler looking for targets within its orbital plane,
so as to optimize its pointing. Gould has proposed another scheme, in which Kepler would survey stars towards the Milky way s central bulge for signs of planets,
using a technique known as microlensing. Microlensing relies on a prediction of Einstein s theory of general relativity:
the gravity of any massive object bends light. Like a magnifying lens, a foreground star bends and brightens light from stars behind it.
By observing microlens planets using Kepler and ground-based telescopes at the same time, differences in transit duration and brightness emerge that can yield the planets mass.
If any of the proposals recommended by the Kepler team seems worthwhile to NASA, they will be examined early next year by a review panel of external scientists.
At that stage, a repurposed Kepler would face its biggest hurdle a competition for the limited pot of funds against nine other astrophysics missions,
including the Hubble Space Telescope and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. On receiving recommendations from the review panel
Not everyone is rooting for Kepler. Doug Finkbeiner, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, wants NASA to support missions that are still healthy.
He has used Fermi to discover two galaxy-sized bubbles of ionized gas blowing from the centre of the Milky way,
and is continued counting on funding for the à Â-ray telescope.""My very biased and self-interested perspective is that
I hope we let Kepler die, he says
Forest management plans in a tanglein the middle of metropolitan San francisco stands an army and many Bay Area residents want it to stay garrisoned there.
which uses mid-infrared light, to precisely determine the mineral properties, nutrient content and organic chemistry of sub-Saharan soils.
Geoscientists hope to use the decay of radioactive uranium in layers of volcanic ash in the core to precisely date events between about 205 Â million and 235 Â million years ago
Again, acoustics could be one way to approach this, but advances need to be made in how fast data can be processed to provide estimates of change to managers on the ground.
uses infrared cameras to detect low levels of ash in the atmosphere. The test cloud was created on 30 Â October by spraying particles collected from Iceland s Eyjafjallajã kull volcano into the air off the west coast of France (see Nature 502,422-423;
Fukushima fuel Workers in Japan have taken the first steps towards fully decommissioning the stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
Meanwhile, Marc Kastner, a physicist at the Massachusetts institute of technology in Cambridge, was nominated to head the department s Office of Science.
a constellation of satellites that will study Earth s magnetic field for four years. go. nature. com/rxaaur24-27 november Science for global sustainable development is the theme of the sixth World Science Forum,
Unlike the arxiv. org preprint server popular among physicists, the site will allow readers to comment on articles,
PLC/BPENERGY nomination US President Barack Obama has nominated physicist Ellen Williams (pictured) to head the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
Switzerland, announced on 6 Â November that they had found traces of the radioactive metal polonium-210 in the exhumed body of Yasser Arafat, former president of the Palestinian National Authority.
But because Arafat died nine years ago it is hard to distinguish levels of synthetic polonium from background radiation
nuclear physicists told Nature. Separately, a forensic analysis of exhumed Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, released on 8 Â November,
which allowed more warming solar radiation to reach Earth. Temperatures today might have been 0. 1 °C warmer had continued CFC emissions unabated,
Adam Block/Mount Lemmon Skycenter/Univ. Arizonasupernova seen in nearby galaxy Astronomers have spotted one of the closest supernovae in years in the galaxy M82, about 3. 5 Â megaparsecs
(11.4 Â million light years) away. Students and staff at the University of London Observatory discovered the exploding star in the Ursa major constellation during a telescope lesson on 21 Â January.
Other astronomers quickly combed through archive data, unearthing earlier, fainter images of the event. Designated SN Â 2014j
Antihydrogen made Physicists have produced a stream of antihydrogen atoms for the first time. Members of the Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons experiment at CERN,
Europe s high-energy physics laboratory near Geneva in Switzerland, reported on 21 Â January detecting 80 of the antiatoms 2. 7 Â metres from their source (N. Â Kuroda
The researchers hope that by isolating the antiatoms from the strong magnetic fields used to create
NASA/ESA/J. Lotz, M. Mountain, A. Koekemoer & the HFF Team (STSCI) Super-distant galaxies glimpsed Astronomers unveiled pictures of the deepest galaxy cluster ever imaged at the annual meeting
The images from NASA s Hubble Space Telescope are part of the Frontier Fields programme which harnesses the phenomenon of gravitational lensing (see Nature 497,554-556;
Open access An international open-access effort kicks off this month to make all particle-physics research articles freely available to readers.
The Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle physics (SCOAP3) is led by CERN, Europe s high-energy physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland.
and notes that good spectral and radiometric resolution (detection of small differences in wavelength and radiation,
The Synchrotron Radiation Center has provided researchers with infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray photons for experiments including semiconductor research and biological imaging since 1986.
The NSF cut support in 2011 because of budget constraints (see Nature 471,278; 2011). ) The centre was unable to raise alternative funding to save itself from closure;
Nuclear leak The US Department of energy confirmed on 20 Â February that radiation has escaped from a facility storing nuclear waste.
The department closed the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) near Carlsbad, New mexico, after an underground air-monitoring system detected radiation on 14 Â February.
Five days after the closure, the Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research center at New mexico State university announced that it had elevated found levels of radioactive plutonium and americium at an independent air-sampling station nearly 1 â°kilometre
Energy-department officials say radiation levels have dropped now and they expect plant staff to be able to re-enter the WIPP within two weeks.
Holt retires Physicist and congressman Rush Holt (Democrat, New jersey) announced on 18 Â February that he will retire from the House of representatives at the end of this year.
Holt was a former assistant director of the Princeton Plasma physics Laboratory in New jersey. During his eight terms representing the state s 12th  district,
One year on from the first outbreak, researchers are still struggling to understand the origins and dynamics of the virus s reservoirs and spread.
Fukushima water Radioactive cooling water stored at the destroyed Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant might need to be dumped into the sea.
Satnav success Europe s fledgling satellite navigation system, Galileo, is working well, the European space agency announced on 10 Â February.
19 february NASA announces findings from its high-energy X-ray mission, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (Nustar.
whether bumblebees vertical range was limited by aerodynamics and physiology. Working in the mountains of Sichuan, China,
Inflation evidence A telescope at the South pole has revealed strong evidence that the Universe went through a period of rapid inflation just after the Big bang. To great excitement,
a collaboration led by researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced that the telescope had spotted the influence of gravitational waves (ripples in space that inflation would have caused) on the cosmic microwave background,
the radiation released after the Big bang. See page  281 and go. nature. com/lruz8e for more.
C Â rdova confirmed The US Senate confirmed astrophysicist France C Â rdova as head of the National Science Foundation (NSF) on 12 Â March.
the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico is holding a conference to discuss the state of research on wheat. go. nature. com/hrne9g26-28 march Physicists debate a suitable landing site for the Exomars rover at a meeting
at the European space agency s European Space Astronomy Centre near Madrid. The mission plans to land a rover on the red planet in 2018. go. nature. com/i5n5r2
a multibillion-euro international nuclear-fusion experiment, has approved 11 urgent reforms to the project s management.
Radiation leak The US Department of energy reported on 26 february that 13 employees had tested positive for low-level radiation exposure following a leak at its Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, New mexico.
but preliminary tests suggest that they inhaled radioactive particles. Energy department officials said the health and environmental impacts of the leak seem to be minor,
and solve physics equations to predict what will happen next. We can come within 80 miles
We can't take into account all the dynamics of the eye wall Mock says. That's why hurricane forecasting still relies not just on a computer crunching numbers
We have begun to learn a little bit more about hurricane dynamics by flying planes into the eye of the storm.
The physics of each are sensitive to different physical properties and the two different types of models are optimized in different resolutions time steps and even small scale physical parameterizations.
If the world is warming up do a change in magnetic field of the Earth then its not your fault
and this changing world is out of human control or influence per Earths changing magnetic field.
but is insignificant to the effects of a Earth changing magnetic field. All those media frenzy about human induce global warming.
Where's the support for your claim about the magnetic field influencing global warming Starz? Where's the evidence?
Frosttty If you read two article you will find the cycles of the sun effect global warming with the alignment of the planetsand the cycles of Earths polar flip reduce magnetic field allowing more solar radiation to create cloud cover warms the planet. http://www
and the cycles of Earths polar flip reduce magnetic field allowing more solar radiation to create cloud cover warms the planet.
During this time the Earth's magnetic field will drop in strength and at times be nothing. The Earth can also have many multiple poplars north and south around the Earth.
Currently the magnetic field of the Earth has been reducing for the last 300 years. The scientific vote is still out
riff raffperhaps vortexes of magma under the Earth crust are swirling about of the East coast of Africa causing the solar cosmic radiation to make swirling vortexes
which in turn effect how much solar radiation effects our atmosphere which effects cloud cover and global atmospheric weather
We might be able to go to the moon one day soon technology has increased vastly since the 60's especially force field tech.@
They can t the radiation in space is DEADLY. Not just the Van allen belts the Van allen belts protects us from the sun
With the invention of a working force field (electromagnetic) also bladders filled with water or slush in the structure of spacecraft to reduce the impact of the solar wind.
I'm working on a physics degree right now and what you're saying about Van allen belts
If the radiation belts in the Earth's magnetosphere were really that deadly because we have been shielded improperly this whole time we probably would have noticed by now...
because all of those astronauts would have died of radiation poisoning. And we DID in fact land on the moon the proof is in the retroreflectors that we can use on a regular basis to measure (with extreme precision) with lasers the distance between Earth and the moon.
if it was more of our satellites would have been raped on their way out of our magnetosphere.
Go pick up a physics textbook learn REAL science not the bastardized pop culture edition.@@Wollf Laacrenbut in the grim darkness of the far future there is only war!
The earth's magnetic field impacts climate: Danish studycopenhagen (AFP)--The earth's climate has been affected significantly by the planet's magnetic field according to a Danish study published Monday that could challenge the notion that human emissions are responsible for global warming.
Our results show a strong correlation between the strength of the earth's magnetic field and the amount of precipitation in the tropics one of the two Danish geophysicists behind the study Mads Faurschou Knudsen of the geology department at Aarhus University in western Denmark told the Videnskab journal.
He and his colleague Peter Riisager of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) compared a reconstruction of the prehistoric magnetic field 5000 years ago based on data drawn from stalagmites
and stalactites found in China and Oman The results of the study which has also been published in US scientific journal Geology lend support to a controversial theory published a decade ago by Danish astrophysicist Henrik Svensmark who claimed the climate was influenced highly by galactic cosmic ray (GCR
) particles penetrating the earth's atmosphere. Svensmark's theory which pitted him against today's mainstream theorists who claim carbon dioxide (CO2) is responsible for global warming involved a link between the earth's magnetic field
and climate since that field helps regulate the number of GCR particles that reach the earth's atmosphere.
If changes in the magnetic field which occur independently of the earth's climate can be linked to changes in precipitation then it can only be explained through the magnetic field's blocking of the cosmetic rays he said.
When the reversed patches grow to the point that they dominate the rest of the core Earth's overall magnetic field flips.
when the poles reverse is a very large decrease of the total field intensity said Jean-Pierre Valet who conducts research on geomagnetic reversals at the Institute of Earth Physics of Paris. 5 Ways the World Will Change Dramatically this Century Earth
's magnetic field takes between 1000 and 10000 years to reverse and in the process it greatly diminishes before it realigns.
which the field strength becomes weak very probably the field becomes more complex and might show more than two poles for a while
According to John Tarduno professor of geophysics at the University of Rochester a strong magnetic field helps protect Earth from blasts of radiation from the sun. Coronal mass ejections (CMES) occasionally occur on the Sun
Some of the particles associated with CMES can be blocked by Earth's magnetic field. With a weak field this shielding is less efficient.
Valet agrees that a weak magnetic field could lead to the formation of ozone holes. He wrote a paper last year proposing a direct link between the demise of Neanderthals our evolutionary cousins
and a significant decrease of the geomagnetic field intensity that occurred exactly at the same period.
Even if the field becomes very weak at the Earth's surface we are shielded from radiation by the atmosphere.
if the magnetic field and thus its shielding function became significantly weaker e g. during a reversal
According to Tarduno the strength of Earth's magnetic field has been decreasing for at least 160 years at an alarming rate leading some to speculate that we are heading toward a reversal.
The planet's magnetic field is showing signs of wanting to make a gigantic somersault so that magnetic north heads towards Antarctica
About every half a million years or so the Earth's magnetic field flips upside down. The story begins in 1600
The magnetic poles are where all the lines of force of Earth's magnetic field are drawn together. It does not coincide with the geographic poles the axis on
Also a bar magnet quickly loses its power yet the Earth's magnetic field has been around for billions of years
This is why Einstein remarked that the origin of the Earth's magnetic field was one of the greatest mysteries of physics.
As this subterranean ocean of liquid metal slowly whirls around it behaves like a dynamo generating electrical currents and magnetic fields.
and so the magnetic field at the surface of the Earth fluctuates. We know the magnetic polarity goes topsy-turvy from rocks on the bed of the Atlantic ocean.
Each time the magnetic field heads for a reversal it grows weaker over several thousand years until it almost disappears.
Magnetism trapped in ancient pottery shows that over the past 4000 years the magnetic field has weakened by more than 50%.
Another warning sign of an imminent flip has come recently from satellite measurements of the Earth's magnetic field.
In the largest patch beneath the southern tip of Africa the magnetic field is pointing towards the centre of the Earth instead of outwards.
or up/down axis. The Earth's magnetic field also stretches several hundred miles into space
That cosmic radiation blasting the Earth's surface could cause genetic mutations and cancers. Yet when palaeontologists scoured the fossil records looking for signs of mass extinctions
or bursts of evolution during previous magnetic field flips they found nothing. Living organisms seem to have survived intact.
According to the Danish physicist Henrik Svensmark (Danish National Space center) the variation of Earth's temperature is caused (in brief by the intensity of the solar wind.
magnetic pole flip with the reduction of the Earths magnetic field. Which when it does occur does have an larger effect on the global environment in a broad spectrum influence with one of the influences being global warming.
Number 1 and 3 we humans only have the choice of adapting to the situationby the way NASA has written articles about the changing magnetic field and its effect on the environment too.
Some interesting Sun/Earth timing coincidences in the last flip. http://www. livescience. com/31795-earth-magnetic-field-reversal. htmldo not try
and the magnetic field theory stuff is fringe science just a hypothesis I wrongly accredited it to scientific theory as that would mean it is believed not to be proven false
The hard thing about the magnetic field theory is it takes such a long time period to actually know
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