Then a five-second blast of ultraviolet light transforms the viscous gel into a solid that interlaces with the heart's fibers and locks in place.
but the polarization is seen typically not by the naked human eye. In a new study from the University of Queensland's Queensland Brain Institute researchers have found that the very useful (and adorable) waggle dance
Since the polarization of light indicates which direction it comes from when the honey bee returns to perform the dance on the vertical face of the honeycomb the axis of the dance indicates in which direction relative to the light the food source lies.
or fluid flow in hydraulics. Reducing edge connectivity's edgehowever while a great deal of research has been carried out in mathematics to solve problems associated with edge connectivity there has been relatively little success in answering questions about vertex connectivity.
and analyzeda new study published in Nature today describes the sugar beet reference genome sequence generated by researchers both from the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) the Max Planck Institute for Molecular genetics and the University of Bielefeld in cooperation
Now a team of researchers from the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and the Max Planck Institute for Molecular genetics (Berlin Germany) lead by Heinz Himmelbauer head of the Genomics Unit at the CRG in Barcelona
on large-scale climate dynamics and reveals positive effects of recent climate change for the Monarch of The alps.
According to VTT the X-ray scanning of timber could increase yield volume by 5 per cent equivalent to extra annual sales revenue of AUD 70 million for large sawmills.
or dynamics of the species present in it and those around it. In the last years of pine plantations as there has been no clearing thinning out
Dirk HÃ lscher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany and an international team of researchers have discovered that some banana varieties accumulate specific plant toxins in the immediate vicinity
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and their colleagues from universities in Leuven (Belgium) Jena Kassel-Witzenhausen Halle Bonn and Bremen as well as the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product
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--and tracked it in various biomolecules with the aid of a mass spectrometer after completion of the experiment timeframe.
#Scientists scale terahertz peaks in nanotubescarbon nanotubes carry plasmonic signals in the terahertz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
In new research the Rice university laboratory of physicist Junichiro Kono disproved previous theories that dominant terahertz response comes from narrow-gap semiconducting nanotubes.
and infrared range but no group has demonstrated clearly the existence of plasmons in carbon nanotubes Zhang said.
and computer engineering and of physics and astronomy and of materials science and nanoengineering. The Department of energy the National Science Foundation and the Robert A. Welch Foundation supported the research.
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Further plant community dynamics can be disrupted by changed feeding patterns in the iguanas. Dr Knapp says The complete restriction of feeding by tourists may not be a realistic option.
and at great cost by eliminating some of the trial and error in identifying new sites on proteins that could be manipulated more easily to treat disease said Rice biological physicist Jos Onuchic.
X-ray crystallography and more recently nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the most common tools to see how the amino acids in a protein chain arrange themselves based on their attractive and repulsive energies
But large proteins like molecular motors or signaling proteins have multiple functional conformations some of them too short-lived to be captured by X-ray crystallography.
Onuchic and his colleagues at the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics based at Rice's Bioscience Research Collaborative are working to fix that.
This information guides the physics-based simulation toward functional conformations that have been conserved through evolution. Simulations at Rice that combined DCA and structural data revealed competing residue contacts that were unique to configurations of proteins with multiple conformations
Using behavioural assays researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany
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Climate Dynamics doi: 10.1007/s00382-01-1714-z; Jacob D. et al. 2013 EURO-CORDEX: New high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research Regional Environmental change doi:
the Physical science Basis'of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report was presented on 27 september 2013 following the adoption of the Summary for Policymakers. 4 ARPEGE-Climat developed by CNRM-GAME
Rohani and colleagues say that such a phenomenon has recently been observed in controlled badger culls in the United kingdom where disruption of badger social dynamics and subsequent dispersal led to increased tuberculosis transmission in cattle at neighboring sites.
and silver from 350 to 700 aluminum can reach into the ultraviolet to about 200 nanometers.
but as you make the gap larger the system turns to classical physics. By small Nordlander means well below a single nanometer (a billionth of a meter.
Rice alumnus Emil Prodan an assistant professor of physics at Yeshiva University New york is co-author of Quantum Plasmonics:
) African Wildlife Foundation Zoological Society of Milwaukee World Wildlife Fund Max Planck Institute Lukuru Foundation University of Stirling Kyoto University and other groups.
and activities for the next decade said Dr. Hjalmar S. KÃ hl of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
The changes in ruminal lipid metabolism are based on the differences between plant species in terms of digestion kinetics and microbial flora in the rumen.
Each compartment is equipped with its own magnetron generating electromagnetic waves. The microwaves are coupled into a waveguide which simultaneously acts as the heating chamber.
when the electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the polar molecules of the milk this makes the molecules oscillate over the entire volume
Dynamics from local to regional to global scale are quantified. For example subtropical forests were found to have the highest rates of change largely due to intensive forestry land uses.
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because trees in warmer maritime forests radiate heat in the form of long-wave radiation to a greater degree than the sky does.
Maarten Koornneef and his colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne have examined now
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Nondestructive imaging of ancient fossilsby integrating high-resolution X-ray imaging (termed microct) 3d image segmentation and computer animation a new study conducted by Carole Gee at the University of Bonn Germany demonstrates the visualization of fossils without destroying the material.
Using this technique X-ray images similar to those used in the medical field are captured providing virtual cross-sections of the specimen without ever cutting into the sample.
But like biologists reading tree rings astronomers can read the rings in a galaxy's disk to unravel its past.
Using data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) scientists have acquired more evidence for the inside-out theory of galaxy growth showing that bursts of star formation in central regions were followed one to two billion years later
The galaxies in the study known as red and dead for their red color and lack of new star births have a surprising amount of ultraviolet light emanating from the outer regions.
Often ultraviolet light is generated by hot young stars but these galaxies were considered too old to host such a young population.
Petty and colleagues used a new multi-wavelength approach to show that the unexplained ultraviolet light appears to be coming from a late phase in the lives of older stars
GALEX was sensitive to the ultraviolet light whereas WISE sees the infrared light coming from older stars.
GALEX is no longer operating but WISE was reactivated recently to hunt asteroids a project called NEOWISE (see http://www. jpl. nasa. gov/news/news. php?
The science instrument was built by the Space Dynamics Laboratory in Logan Utah. The spacecraft was built by Ball aerospace & Technologies Corp. in Boulder Colo.
Science operations and data processing take place at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at Caltech. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.
The infection dynamics of the BRSV virus was studied in 134 randomly selected Norwegian dairy herds.
and thus represent the only direct archive of the composition of the past atmosphere says Hubertus Fischer an experimental climate physics professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland
Monotremes (platypuses and echidnas) are the last remnant of an ancient radiation of mammals unique to the southern continents.
PD Dr. Martin Hasselmann has been the director of the research group Population Genetics of Social Insects at the University of Cologne as a DFG Heisenberg stipendiary since May 2012.
#Chickens to benefit from biofuels bonanzachickens could be unexpected the beneficiaries of the growing biofuels industry feeding on proteins retrieved from the fermenters used to brew bioethanol thanks to research supported by the Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council (EPSRC.
The above story is provided based on materials by Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council (EPSRC. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Using CSIRO's Maia detector for x-ray elemental imaging at the Australian Synchrotron the research team was able to locate
Our advanced x-ray imaging enabled the researchers to examine the leaves and produce clear images of the traces of gold and other metals nestled within their structure principal scientist at the Australian Synchrotron Dr David Paterson said.
An international team of researchers led by Karline Janmaat from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig Germany studied
and remember feeding experiences long after trees have been emptied says Karline Janmaat of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
says Christophe Boesch of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference r
#A functional forest ecosystem is more than just treesin 2011 the University of Jyvã¤skylã¤held an academic conference on the ecological restoration of forests.
and soil nitrogen dynamics (in annual strawberry production) under the environmental conditions and current grower management practices of the central coast region of California said corresponding author Timothy Hartz.
Carter and his colleagues placed infrared motion-activated cameras at 76 locations spanning areas inside the park and the buffer zone.
Just like physicists'models tell them that dark matter accounts for much of the universe our models tell us that species too rare to find account for much of the planet's biodiversity.
#Suns magnetic field going to flip soon: 11-year solar cycle wimpy, but peakingin a 3-meter diameter hollow aluminum sphere Cary Forest a University of Wisconsin-Madison physics professor is stirring and heating plasmas to 500000 degrees Fahrenheit
to experimentally mimic the magnetic field-inducing cosmic dynamos at the heart of planets stars and other celestial bodies.
Ninety-three million miles away the Sun's magnetic field--and presumably its dynamo--is churning
and undulating as the star experiences the height of the so-called solar maximum where the sun's magnetic field contorts and eventually flips.
Solar max as scientists call it is an 11-year cycle where the sun's magnetic field reverses polarity typically spawning sunspots flares auroras
and geomagnetic storms that if large enough can disrupt satellites and fry power grids On earth. Over a period of about two years the sun's magnetic field switches directions and we know that
because the polarity of the sunspots changes explains Forest an expert on cosmic dynamos and the magnetic fields they generate in planets stars and other objects.
Sunspots are just magnetic fields emerging from the sun. They are the diagnostic feature of what's happening deep inside the sun. Flowing streams of electrons
and protons are what create the magnetic fields deep in the sun's interior. Those surging fields generate sunspots
which can sometimes erupt and release vast amounts of energy in the form of solar flares or hiccups of material known as coronal mass ejections.
Unlike Earth's magnetic field which moves up or down as a familiar dipole the sun's huge magnetic field oscillates
and is less evident at the poles of the sun than at its midsection where sunspots typically occur.
But the Wisconsin physicist also notes that last year when solar max was just getting underway proved to be a great year for auroras the colorful curtains bands
or south Forest says noting that the charged particles are tugged into the atmosphere by Earth's magnetic field creating the beautiful red green and yellow displays of light.
In 1859 a solar superstorm known as the Carrington Event after The british astronomer who was the first to observe a massive flare on the sun created auroras that were so bright that people could read by their light
and Atmospheric administration's Geophysical Fluid and Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) to simulate how carbon and climate interacted with vegetation soil and marine ecosystems between 1861 and 2005.
#Compound derived from vegetables shields rodents from lethal radiation dosesgeorgetown University Medical center researchers say a compound derived from cruciferous vegetable such as cabbage cauliflower and broccoli protected rats and mice from lethal doses of radiation.
and prevent or mitigate sickness caused by radiation exposure. The compound known as DIM (33'-diindolylmethane) previously has been found to have cancer preventive properties.
but this is the first indication that DIM can also act as a radiation protector says the study's corresponding author Eliot Rosen MD Phd of Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center.
For the study the researchers irradiated rats with lethal doses of gamma ray radiation. The animals were treated then with a daily injection of DIM for two weeks starting 10 minutes after the radiation exposure.
The result was stunning says Rosen a professor of oncology biochemistry and cell & molecular biology and radiation medicine.
All of the untreated rats died but well over half of the DIM-treated animals remained alive 30 days after the radiation exposure.
Rosen adds that DIM also provided protection whether the first injection was administered 24 hours before or up to 24 hours after radiation exposure.
We also showed that DIM protects the survival of lethally irradiated mice Rosen says. In addition irradiated mice treated with DIM had less reduction in red blood cells white blood cells
and platelets--side effects often seen in patients undergoing radiation treatment for cancer. Rosen says this study points to two potential uses of the compound.
For films with no GNRS the pressure dropped to zero in about 100 seconds as nitrogen escaped into the vacuum chamber.
or nanoropes have a host of remarkable and useful properties as described in a new paper by Rice university theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his group.
or magnetic fields if you can find a way to attach it to something that will make it twist he said.
or decreases in consumption will affect forest cover dynamics in time. Not every outcome was predictable to us before we had this model especially the case of the'false forest transition'.
Led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural history the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
but the high diversity of parasites as well as the high proportion of individuals that are infected with the parasites suggest that this may be yet another example of the unusually high tolerance of these flying mammals for pathogens said co-author Juliane Schaer a researcher at the Max Planck Institute
and allow us to reconstruct the population dynamics of these species during the end of the last Ice age in the southeastern U s. This may explain why three of these species were able to migrate
TWAS The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries headquartered in Trieste Italy was founded by Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam.
To understand current forest dynamics said Bond-Lamberty we have to understand their past. Older forests contain surprises for climate science and ecosystem biology.
hydrogenfor astrophysicists the interplay of hydrogen--the most common molecule in the universe--and the vast clouds of dust that fill the voids of interstellar space has been an intractable puzzle of stellar evolution.
The dust astronomers believe is a key phase in the life cycle of stars which are formed in dusty nurseries throughout the cosmos.
and is oriented by the magnetic fields in deep space has proved a six-decade-long theoretical challenge.
Now an international team of astronomers reports key observations that confirm a theory devised by University of Wisconsin-Madison astrophysicist Alexandre Lazarian and Wisconsin graduate student Thiem Hoang.
and organize themselves in the presence of magnetic fields to precisely align in key astrophysical environments.
and underpin novel observational tactics to probe magnetic fields in space. The new observations conducted by a team led by B-G Andersson of the Universities Space Research Association (USRA)
The observations were conducted using a variety of techniques--optical and near infrared polarimetry high-accuracy optical spectroscopy and photometry and sensitive imaging in the near infrared--at observatories in Spain Hawaii Arizona and New mexico.
if we want to make use of polarimetry as a means of investigating interstellar magnetic fields says Lazarian who was encouraged to attack the problem by the renowned astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer.
While interstellar polarization has been known since 1949 the physical mechanisms behind grain alignment have been understood poorly until recently explains Andersson.
which describes how irregular grains can be aligned by their interaction with magnetic fields and stellar radiation.
Their alignment is modified by magnetic fields which orients them with respect to the field telling an observer its direction.
but promises a new ability for astronomers to use polarized visible and near infrared light to reliably probe the strength
and structure of magnetic fields in interstellar space a notoriously difficult phenomenon to measure quantitatively. Interstellar magnetic fields are ubiquitous in spiral galaxies like our Milky way
and are believed to be essential regulators of star formation and the evolution of proto-planetary disks.
and the space-based Planck Telescope--are poised to build on the new results. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Laser processing involves scanning a high-intensity laser beam multiple times across the surface of a metal.
Each scan by the laser beam'writes'a track in the surface which partially melts the metal.
Theoretical calculations by Guan and her co-workers described these kinetics accurately. According to the team's model a greater level of overlap provided a greater amount of heat
The comparison involved a 2011 Smith Newton electric truck powered by a 120 kw electric motor
These dynamics occur in steep areas in particular given modern efficient land use practices cannot easily be implemented here strengthening the development leading towards future forests becoming concentrated on slopes.
Most surprising to the scientists is why a dramatic shift in the magnetic field that they had modeled
Eric Zirnstein University of Alabama physics graduate student and NASA Earth and Space science Fellow in Heliophysics and May UAH doctoral graduate Brian Fayock who now does data analysis for NASA are comparing data
Scientists expected the magnetic field to change when Voyager crossed that boundary but it didn't Dr. Fayock said.
I simulate scattered radiation fluxes. Based on the flux densities Dr. Fayock's model maps out the heliosphere and its features like where the heliopause area is expected to be.
Both Voyager 1 and 2 have ultraviolet spectrometers that have been measuring the Lyman-alpha photons that come directly from the neutral hydrogen atoms.
His models extend out 900 astronomical units from the sun and so far 40 astronomical units have been compared to collected data.
The impact of the work Brian is doing is said significant Dr. Gary Zank heliophysics professor and director of the Center for Space Plasma and Aeronautic Research (CSPAR.
Voyager is still returning ultraviolet backscatter data and there's only one other group in the world--in France-who are using it.
which the Voyager team released recently said Zirnstein whose advisor is Dr. Jacob Heerikhuisen assistant professor of physics and assistant director of CSPAR.
If it did said Zirnstein then we did expect that the magnetic field would change direction because according to our simulations in order for us to simulate the IBEX ribbon we have had to assume a quite specific direction and strength of the magnetic field.
So that's one thing that we're actually going to try to figure out why for some reason our ribbon simulation predicts a certain magnetic field direction.
We expected the magnetic field would change in direction significantly but all of the other measurements that Voyager made indicated that it did cross the heliopause except the magnetic field didn't change very much Zirnstein said.
Is it going to change later? But the fact that the density did change so dramatically that definitely is an indication that it did cross the heliopause.
Zirnstein's work sheds a great deal of light on the IBEX measurements said Dr. Zank. Tying together the IBEX global view with the extremely microscopic view of Voyager is very important.
What is the magnetic field doing? Why did it not change direction as we expected? Eric has sophisticated the most model to address energetic neutral atoms
and the ability to use them to probe the physics of the very local interstellar medium and its magnetic field.
Both scientists are keen for Voyager 2 to perhaps shed more light on the magnetic field conundrum
The researchers report their finding in the journal Applied Physics Letters which is produced by AIP Publishing.
When the interaction of metals was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy it revealed the creation of a more supportive substrate for the forests to root in.
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The reason the pit membrane seals the cell is explained by simple physics Goodell said. When the tree is injured sap starts to flow out
#X-ray science taps bug biology to design better materials and reduce pollutionbug spray citronella candles mosquito netting--most people will do anything they can to stay away from insects during the warmer months.
Researchers using the cutting-edge X-ray technology at the U s. Department of energy's Advanced Photon Source (APS) were able to take an inside look at several insects gathering results that go beyond learning about insect physiology and biology.
and physics at Arizona State university and author of a study in Biomacromolecules that examined caddisfly silk.
What we learn from them can teach us more about human muscle mechanics to potentially improve physical therapy treatments
The results shed light on more than the mechanics of moth flight--it may redefine our understanding of how our own muscles function.
which is rubbery and stores elastic energy. It's like a microscopic trampoline waiting for something to bounce on it.
The elastic energy stored in these cooler regions is released at the end of the lengthening or shortening phases of the muscle.
Daniel says that the presence of elastic energy was not a surprise. It was not a question of
whether or not there was elastic energy involved in flight Daniel said. The energy cost of rapidly accelerating
However this study uncovers a new mechanism for this elastic energy storage one based on temperature differences.
At a molecular level a moth's muscle is not very different than a human's meaning that elastic energy may serve a much larger role in human muscle function than researchers previously thought.
The team tested three types of handheld propane torches (one open flame and two styles of infrared torches) and varying exposure times on several species of perennial weeds.
and thermodynamic properties of each element into the model the model predicts the grain size of the alloy at any given temperature.
when the elephants crossed infrared beams across paths leading to crop fields and captured the events on video.
or proanthocyanidins are thought to play diverse roles such as defense against herbivores and pathogens or ultraviolet protection.
Caruso and Saadawi studied unsmoked shisha as well as shisha smoke with a sensitive instrument called an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
#Interstellar winds buffeting our solar system have shifted directionscientists including University of New hampshire astrophysicists involved in NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission have discovered that the particles streaming into the solar system from interstellar space have changed likely direction over the last 40 years.
and nature of our sun's heliosphere--the gigantic bubble that surrounds our solar system and helps shield us from dangerous incoming galactic radiation.
However this finding may teach us about the dynamics at the edges of these clouds
Sulforaphane may be an excellent candidate for use in the prevention of skin cancer caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays.
#Bismuth-carrying nanotubes show promise for CT scansscientists at Rice university have trapped bismuth in a nanotube cage to tag stem cells for X-ray tracking.
That lets us take an X-ray image of the cell. The capsules are made from a chemical process that cuts
and perturbs the physics and behavior of clouds in minutes to days; the other effect takes years
In Landsat images he looks at two of the 11 spectral bands--the near-infrared band and a short-wave infrared band.
The near infrared reflects well from healthy vegetation and the short-wave infrared bands reflect well from exposed ground Albury said.
By comparing the normalized ratio of the near -and shortwave-infrared bands in the pre-fire image to the post-fire image we can estimate the burn severity.
The near-infrared wavelength bounces off of healthy plant cells and so sends back a strong signal to the Landsat detector that isn't present over burned areas explained Jeff Masek Landsat program scientist with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md.
But the shortwave infrared band--added to Landsat satellites starting with Landsat 4--has a distinct spectral signature for burned areas.
The char will show up very clearly in the shortwave Masek said. Albury takes a ratio of the two spectral bands both before and after a fire.
Comparing those ratios he creates a rough map of fire severity called the Burned Area Reflectance Classification or BARC.
It's one of the reasons why the Landsat team focused on calibrating Landsat 8 so the reflectance data it gathers is measuring landcover
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