The system comes equipped to control heat emission from the crown of the plants through infrared heaters that enable the temperature of the growing environment to remain at a steady 2â°C over ambient temperature.
Vikyath Rao a graduate student in the laboratory of U. of I. physics professor Nigel Goldenfeld analyzed the data using a computer model Rao and Goldenfeld developed.
and functions of nanomaterialsby â#drawingâ##micropatterns on nanomaterials using a focused laser beam scientists could modify properties of nanomaterials for effective applications in photonic and optoelectric applications.
Through the use of a simple efficient and low cost technique involving a focused laser beam two NUS research teams led by Professor Sow Chorng Haur from the Department of physics at the NUS Faculty of science demonstrated that the properties of two
Instead of focusing sunlight we can focus laser beam onto a wide variety of nanomaterials and study effects of the focused laser beam has on these materials. â#Micropatterns â#drawnâ##on Mos2 films could enhance electrical conductivity
and photoconductivitymolybdenum disulfide (Mos2) a class of transition metal dichalcogenide compound has attracted great attention as an emerging two-dimensional (2d) material due to wide recognition of its potential in and optoelectronics.
and their team members utilised an optical microscope-focused laser beam setup to â#drawâ##micropatterns directly onto large area Mos2 films as well as to thin the films.
With this simple and low cost approach the scientists were able to use the focused laser beam to selectively â#drawâ##patterns onto any region of the film to modify properties of the desired area unlike other current methods where the entire film is modified.
and photoconductivity of the modified material had increased by more than 10 times and about five times respectively.
Hidden images â#drawnâ##by focused laser beam on silicon nanowires could improve optical functionalitiesin a related study published in the journal Scientific Reports on 13 may 2014 Prof Sow led
The team scanned a focused laser beam rapidly onto an array of mesoporous silicon nanowires which are packed closely like the tightly woven threads of a carpet.
They found that the focused laser beam could modify the optical properties of the nanowires causing them to emit greenish-blue fluorescence light.
Their understanding enabled them to â#drawâ##a wide variety of micropatterns with different optical functionalities using the focused laser beam.
To develop materials with properties that can cater to the industryâ##s demands Prof Sow together with his team of researchers will extend the versatile focused laser beam technique to more nanomaterials.
Aura's Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument built and managed by NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena California delivers global maps showing annual averages of the heat absorbed by ozone in particular in the mid troposphere.
Aura's High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument provided global maps showing cirrus clouds in the upper altitudes in the tropics.
It can be used anywhere where the dynamics of ecosystem services are linked closely to people's livelihoods.
And because our devices use silicon oxide--the most studied material On earth--the underlying physics are understood both well
New research from the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen and Aarhus University shows that not only can grains of dust form in gigantic supernova explosions they can also survive the subsequent shockwaves they are exposed to.
and how it survives the shockwaves explains Professor Hjorth head of the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.
and built by Danish researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute and what is special about the instrument is both that it is extremely sensitive
and the three spectrographs observe all light at once--from ultraviolet to visible light to infrared light. This is extremely important when observing phenomena in the distant universe.
The exploding star itself had been very massive more than 40 times the mass of the Sun. Researchers from the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute Aarhus University
This showed something very exciting explains Christa Gall a postdoc at Aarhus University and affiliated with the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.
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The findings of the study led by Edwin van Leeuwen of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in The netherlands are published in Springer's journal Animal Cognition.
but also makes it less ductile--meaning it can't be stretched very far without breaking says Xiaolei Wu a professor of materials science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences'Institute of Mechanics
if decision-makers pay attention to ecosystem structure composition and dynamics. They shouldnâ##t base everything on a single statistic such as the total land area occupied by forest especially
MIRO is a small and lightweight spectrometer instrument the first of its kind launched into deep space.
The other two are an ultraviolet spectrometer called Alice and the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES.
NASA also provided part of the electronics package for the Double Focusing Mass spectrometer which is built part of The swiss Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) instrument.
NASA's Deep space Network is supporting ESA's Ground Station Network for spacecraft tracking and navigation.
Hardware subsystems for MIRO were provided by the Max-Planck Institute for Solar system Research and the Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matiere en Astrophysique of the Observatoire de Paris. The consortium also includes the Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales ed
Max Planck Institute for Solar system Research Go? ttingen; French National Space agency Paris; and the Italian Space agency Rome.
The potential consequences of warming in the Arctic include changes in freshwater runoff and atmospheric water vapor and decreases in salinity that can affect marine biology and seawater circulation dynamics.
The pellets impacted an aluminum target in a vacuum chamber at about 15000 miles per hour. When they inspected the resulting carbon rubble they found nanotubes that smashed into the target end first
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A model for Bluetongue disease dynamics in cattlein a paper recently published in the SIAM Journal on Mathematical analysis authors Stephen Gourley Gergely RÃ st
#Straw albedo mitigates extreme heatfields that are tilled not after crop harvesting reflect a greater amount of solar radiation than tilled fields.
This effect was addressed in a recent study conducted by researchers at ETH Zurich led by Edouard Davin senior lecturer at the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science and Sonia Seneviratne professor of land-climate dynamics
and reflects more solar radiation than tilled surfaces. Measurements taken show that approximately 30%of sunlight is reflected back due to the albedo effect--the albedo is a measure of the reflectance capacity of reflective surfaces.
Ploughed fields reflect only 20%of incoming solar radiation. Model simulations have shown that this difference results in a 50%higher level of reflection in unploughed fields
and that this in turn has a significant effect in extreme heat. In the event of a heat wave such as the one in Europe in 2003 unploughed farm fields could reduce the local temperature by as much as 2 °C. Regional effectthe hotter it becomes the greater the albedo effect and the resulting temperature reduction.
and French scientists Davin analysed solar radiation measurements on farmland near the southern French city of Avignon.
because physics will win every time. Human-caused environmental change is nothing new Kidder said.
#Livestock gut microbes contributing to greenhouse gas emissionsincreased to levels unprecedented is how the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) described the rise of carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide emissions in their report on the physical science basis
Now for the first time Ralph Bock's group at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology could show that new species can be generated in an asexual manner As well as in previous studies Bock's group at the Max Planck Institute
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Furthermore the Canadian government has adopted cryogenic preservation as one of its policies for preserving threatened species like the whitebark pine.
It accounts for the role of ecological dynamics in shaping the future direction of natural capital stocks
and of course there were no sunscreens so there was no blocking of the solar radiation that produces Vitamin d in our skin.
#Flowers polarization patterns help bees find foodbees use their ability to'see'polarized light when foraging for food researchers based at the University of Bristol have discovered.
Like many other insect pollinators bees find their way around by using a polarization sensitive area in their eyes to'see'skylight polarization patterns.
and find food a non-navigation function for polarization vision has never been identified in bees--until now.
whether bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) can learn the polarization patterns of artificial'flowers 'in order to obtain a food reward.
They found that freely foraging bumblebees soon learnt to differentiate between rewarding (sucrose solution providing) and aversive (quinine solution providing) artificial'flowers'with two different polarization patterns.
Polarization patterns occur on the petals of real flowers but are invisible to us and thus may be overlooked a hitherto component of floral signalling.
Around 53 per cent of flower species face downwards and thus their polarization patterns are presented in such a way as to be visually accessible to the region of the bee's eye
which includes the polarization sensitive Dorsal Rim Area. Light reflected from downward facing flowers also has the potential to contrast with skylight polarization patterns potentially helping the bee to detect
and identify such flowers. Professor Partridge said: Both pollinator and plant fitness is greatly dependent on the ability of pollinators to discriminate flowers accurately
Our findings suggest polarisation vision may provide sensory access to an additional floral cue for bees.
We won't be able to fully understand the extinction dynamics until we understand what normal ecological processes were going on in the background. says Larsson.
But what we're looking to give us even more information is multispectral cameras that can give us imagery in other wavelengths such as near-infrared to help us identify areas of crop stress.
and equipped with an upgraded lens for infrared photography which will help the researchers identify plants in the South Farms'plots that appear to be absorbing
Billups turned to Rice theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his colleagues at the Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials in Moscow to explain what the chemists saw.
Kvashnin is a former visiting student at Rice and a graduate student at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT.
It's very rare in fluid mechanics to discover a new phenomenon like this Peacock says.
Co-author of the study Professor David Dunstan from Queen Mary's School of Physics and Astronomy said:
The company is using new technologies such as infrared detectors to monitor power lines for preventative maintenance.
Trees near the edge of forest fragments are subjected to more solar radiation lower humidity and stronger winds.
This reformed surface becomes even more susceptible to future melting due to the surface's reduced reflectance.
By performing experiments in the precisely controlled environment of the CLOUD CHAMBER the project's scientists can change the concentrations of chemicals involved in nucleation
This is the first work putting together a physics-based estimate on the scale of one of these big rivers looking at the net effect of nitrate removal in big river systems.
Optimizing the degradation kinetics is nontrivial and may be suited better for a biotech company he said.
lentivirus de pequeã os rumiantes Role of the mannose receptor and the polarization of macrophages due to lentivirus infection in small ruminants.
(which is known as polarisation) so that they can adapt their function to the one-off needs of the organism
Furthermore it was observed that the infection induces M2 polarisation which favours the establishing and evolution of the disease opening up the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets to combat lentiviral infections.
There are still experiments the team would like to do to further understand the ecosystem dynamics that lead to the marsh die off
Co-author of the report Prof Mark Sutton an Environmental Physicist at the UK's Centre for Ecology
Decreased cloudiness allowed more solar radiation to reach the plants which typically promotes photosynthesis but in this case it likely posed an extra stress on the plants from the resulting depletion of soil moisture.
When pumped out of a production well the particles can be analyzed with a spectrometer to determine the level of contamination This paper is a big step
Using a laser beam instead of radio frequency could improve communication data rates by a factor of 10 to 100.
and OPALS will downlink a laser beam with a formatted video to the ground. It's like trying to use a laser to point to an area that's the diameter of a human hair from 20-to-30 feet away
Infrared images show that the temperature of the foam reaches 80 degrees. Just as in nature very little mechanical energy is required in the laboratory to release a much greater amount of chemical energy--quite similar to a fuse
In her paper Dynamics of Boreal Birds at the Edge of Their Range in the Adirondack Park NY author
or upward some not) suggesting that over this small window of time other factors may be playing a larger role in controlling these species'dynamics.
WCS Adirondack Program Director Zoe Smith said Understanding the processes that drive the dynamics of boreal birds in the Adirondacks can enhance the ability of land managers to influence their long-term conservation.
An international research team including scientists of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig Germany has counted now chimpanzees and other large mammals living in Liberia.
To close this data gap researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig Germany The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation in Abidjan CÃ'te d'Ivoire
Our survey makes it clear that this action has saved also a large number of West african chimpanzees says co-author Menladi Lormie Max Planck researcher and FDA ecologist of the President's decision.
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In solid-state physics electron mobility refers to how quickly electrons pass through a metal or semiconductor in the presence of an electric field.
because they have an atomic structure similar to graphene the pure carbon wonder materials that attracted the 2010 Nobel prize in physics.
Ecological restoration initiatives are being undertaken around the world attracting investment of $us billions annually explained Professor Adrian Newton.
To address this knowledge gap Professor Newton and fellow BU researchers analysed 89 different types of restored ecosystem sites across the world.
%What's unique about Professor Newton's research is that it also provides one of the first evidence-based assessments of how cost-effective ecological restoration initiatives actually are.
Professor Newton developed this method as part of the Reforlan research project in the dryland forests of Latin america.
and refined by Professor Newton during the Reforlan project. We examined how Forest Landscape Restoration may be implemented in practice
Professor Newton has demonstrated that at the heart of successful forest landscape restoration is a flexible and adaptive approach.
This initiative directly employs the Forest Landscape Restoration approach that we researched developed tested and refined explains Professor Newton.
OCO-2's scientific instrument uses spectrometers which split sunlight into a spectrum of component colors or wavelengths.
The intensity of the dark features increases as the number of carbon dioxide molecules increases in the air that the spectrometer is looking through.
OCO-2's spectrometers can detect changes of one or two carbon dioxide molecules out of the 400--an unprecedented level of precision and one that scientists think will be adequate to detect changes in natural sources
And changing the angle of the leaves can let the plant reflect back more solar radiation to offset climate change.
Published this month in the journal Climate Dynamics the study estimates that 12 percent of land will be subject to drought by 2100 through rainfall changes alone;
We know from basic physics that warmer temperatures will help to dry things out said the study's lead author Benjamin Cook a climate scientist with joint appointments at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth
The IPCC also predicts a strong chance of soil moisture drying in the Mediterranean southwestern United states and southern African regions consistent with the Climate Dynamics study.
Brownian motion and nanoparticle/fluid interactions play an important role Taha-Tijerina said. We observed enhancement in thermal conductivity with incremental changes in temperature and the amount of nanodiamonds used.
The temperature-dependent variations told us the changes were due not just to the percolation mechanism but also to Brownian motion.
and Rice alumna Karen Lozano a professor of mechanical engineering and Mircea Chipara an assistant professor of physics and geology both of the University of Texas Pan American Edinburg Texas. Ajayan is Rice
In a paper titled Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is associated with decreased folate status in women of childbearing age published in the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:
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The study How fragmentation and corridors affect wind dynamics and seed dispersal in open habitats was published in the March 4 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of america and referenced in the February 27 issue of Nature.
considering temporal dynamics when assessing management system effects on ecosystem services. Trade-offs occurred between economic metrics
and can thus be seen only at far-infrared/sub-millimetre wavelengths. The two cameras on board the Herschel satellite SPIRE and PACS allowed astronomers to probe different frequencies of dust emission
The Rice team of biological physicist Josã Onuchic and postdoctoral researchers Biman Jana and Faruck Morcos published a new paper on the work this month for a special issue of the Royal Society
of Chemistry journal Physical chemistry Chemical Physics. The special issue edited by Rice biophysicist Peter Wolynes
Ultimately understanding these machines will help researchers design drugs to treat diseases like cancer the focus of Rice's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics.
Structural techniques like X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance have worked quite well to help us understand how smaller proteins function Onuchic said.
but to understand the full dynamics of these large proteins where a lot of the interesting biology takes place we have to supplement them with more information he said.
Through DCA Faruck uses a lot of physics to understand when two amino acids can act directly or indirectly and separate the two.
Advances in the century-old art of crystallography are making better structure-based models available as well.
and we had crystallographic data for this motor protein in the 1990s there weren't enough sequences available until the 2000s Morcos said.
The research was supported by the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics the Welch Foundation the National Science Foundation
and the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas. Onuchic is the Harry C. and Olga K. Wiess Chair of Physics and Professor of Physics and Astronomy.
Foster and Higham's findings were published March 12 in The british biology journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B a journal from the same publisher that featured papers by Isaac newton and Charles darwin.
In their study Context-dependent changes in motor control and kinematics during locomotion: modulation and decoupling Foster surgically inserted electrodes into the forelimbs and hind limbs of seven male green anole lizards.
they provide a new extremely powerful tool for the study of the dynamics of solids and for the materials sciences in general.
Consideration of disclinations should provide scientists with a new tool to explain many phenomena related to the mechanics of solids.
Metaboliteswith colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (Germany) the KU Leuven researchers identified the metabolites that kill the nematodes.
Researchers begin by using satellite derived evapotranspiration estimates at thermal infrared bands to deduce the amount of moisture being transpired by plants.
and chroma researchers use data from an instrument that can detect reflected light at different wavelengths--a spectrometer.
Using a spectrometer a specimen is exposed to full white light and the reflected light waves are displayed as a curve on a graph.
The size and shape of the curve called a reflectance curve is unique to each color.
With red to violet wavelengths on the x-axis and 0-100%reflectance on the y-axis a higher curve at a particular wavelength signifies an increased amount of light reflected at that portion of the spectrum.
Researchers use mathematical formulas to calculate values for chroma hue and brightness from the reflectance curves.
As natural lizard color reflects ultraviolet (UV) light the researchers used specialized UV-reflecting paints to accurately mimic female coloration.
and Physical sciences Research Council (EPSRC) have been placed on the ice shelf surrounding Pine Island by University college London (UCL) and British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientists to record changes of the Antarctic ice
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In this case gases are converted into particles that reflect solar radiation or act as nuclei for cloud droplets.
and subsequently transported as an electrically charged ELVOC-molecule into the sensor (mass spectrometer) where the detection takes place.
The research team confirmed in other studies that eating strawberries also protects against ultraviolet radiation reduces the damage that alcohol can have on the gastric mucosa strengthens erythrocytes
X-ray crystallography of the protein coded by the gene illustrated exactly how the mutation conferred resistance by opening up the'active site'where DDT molecules bind to the protein so more can be broken down.
synthesizing this literature can provide generality in identifying traits that mediate plant-pathogen dynamics. From the pollinator's perspective there has been surprisingly little work elucidating the role of flowers and floral traits for pathogen transmission.
whose group studies the geometry and dynamics of densely packed objects such as particles. Torquato then worked with the paper's first author Yang Jiao who received his Ph d. in mechanical
and keep the corn cubs for food we have come a long way says Per Morgen professor at the Institute of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark.
and Vaughn Smider used x-ray crystallography to determine the ball and chain structure of the bovine antibodies
Theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his Rice colleagues found through exhaustive analysis that those who wish to control the chirality of nanotubes--the characteristic that determines their electrical properties--would be wise to look at other aspects of their growth.
and spatially expansive temperature increases if solar radiation management (SRM) is stopped abruptly once it has been implemented. SRM is proposed a method of geoengineering
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The tree's surface area and the volume of space it occupies are nearly the same said physicist Jayanth Banavar dean of the UMD College of Computer Mathematical and Natural sciences.
and there's an elegance to this in the sense that it uses very simple geometric arguments said physicist Amos Maritan of the University of Padua.
and the stunning result is that it's being driven by the underlying physics and the underlying math.
which also includes many unique types with geographic dynamics being a key to adaptation and sustainability.
and computer engineering of physics and astronomy and of materials science and nanoengineering. Pasquali is a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering chemistry and materials science and nanoengineering.
Using advanced electron diffraction techniques the scientists discovered that orbital fluctuations in iron-based compounds induce strongly coupled polarizations that can enhance electron pairing--the essential mechanism behind superconductivity.
and arsenic in these dense electron cloud interactions said Brookhaven Lab physicist and study coauthor Weiguo Yin.
and the 50-year-old'excitonic'theory for high-temperature superconductivity opening a new frontier for condensed matter physics.
and below the iron in a sandwich-like shape (see image)--exhibited little shift or polarization of valence electrons.
Added Yin What's really exciting is that this electron polarization exhibits strong coupling. The quadrupole polarization of the iron which indicates the orbital fluctuation couples intimately with the arsenic dipole polarization--this mechanism may be key to the emergence of high-temperature superconductivity in these iron-based compounds.
And our results may guide the design of new materials. This study explored the orbital fluctuations at room temperature under static conditions
The materials synthesis was carried out at the Chinese Academy of Sciences'Institute of Physics. Brookhaven Lab coauthors of the study also include Chao Ma Lijun Wu and Chris Homes.
#Cosmic roadmap to galactic magnetic field revealedscientists on NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission including a team leader from the University of New hampshire report that recent independent measurements have validated one of the mission
and particles at the edge of our solar system that appears to be a directional roadmap in the sky of the local interstellar magnetic field.
Unknown until now the direction of the galactic magnetic field may be a missing key to understanding how the heliosphere--the gigantic bubble that surrounds our solar system--is shaped by the interstellar magnetic field
Establishing a consistent local interstellar magnetic field direction using IBEX low-energy neutral atoms and galactic cosmic rays at ten orders of magnitude higher energy levels has wide-ranging implications for the structure of our heliosphere
How magnetic fields of galaxies order and direct galactic cosmic rays is a crucial component to understanding the environment of our galaxy which in turn influences the environment of our entire solar system
Notes David Mccomas principal investigator of the IBEX mission at Southwest Research Institute and coauthor on the Science Express paper We are discovering how the interstellar magnetic field shapes deforms
and cosmic ray data with Voyager 1's measurements the Voyager 1 data provide a different direction for the magnetic fields just outside our heliosphere.
Now a whole new realm of science is opening up as we try to understand the physics all the way outside the heliosphere.
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