Bread used to be made of wheat water salt and yeast. When you buy real bread you'll notice there is no nutrition label.
and residents transformed them into exquisite goods. Vast agricultural fields where farmers grew crops such as corn squash sunflower little barley
which means that they can eat both meat and vegetation. Most parrots eat a diet that contains nuts flowers fruit buds seeds and insects.
Seeds are their favorite food. They have strong jaws that allow them to snap open nutshells to get to the seed that's inside.
Keas use their longer beaks to dig insects out of the ground for a meal
and kakapos chew on vegetation and drink the juices. Parrots are like most other birds
and lay eggs in a nest. Some species though lay their eggs in tree holesground tunnels rock cavities and termite mounds.
Whole seeds will pass through your digestive system relatively untouched but if you chew the seeds you may be exposed to the toxins.
One or two will not be harmful as the body can handle small doses of cyanide
and swallows a lot of seeds you should seek medical attention immediately. A very large helping of apple seeds may be fatal.
How many seeds are harmful? According to John Fry a consultant in food science about 1 milligram of cyanide per kilogram of body weight will kill an adult person.
Apples seeds contain about 700 mg of cyanide per kilogram; so about 100 grams of apple seeds would be enough to kill a 70-kg (154-pound) adult.
However a seed weighs 0. 7 grams so you would have to munch on 143 seeds to get that amount of cyanide.
Apples typically have about eight pips so you'd have to eat the seeds of 18 apples in one sitting to get a fatal dose.
According to the University of Illinois Extension service: Writer Jessie Szalay contributed to this article e
#Guan Yu Biography: Revered Chinese Warrior Guan Yu was a Chinese military general whose martial prowess was so great that after his death he was deified as a god.
In modern times he is revered for his bravery and loyalty. He has also become a popular figure in historical fiction movies and video games.
The year of his birth is unknown; he died in A d. 219 or 220. Guan lived at a time when the Han Dynasty
Hundreds of years later when a dynasty called the Tang came to power in China Guan was honored for his righteous loyalty#to his lord Liu Bei writes Whalen Lai a professor emeritus of religious studies at the University of California
#As Milkweed Disappears, Monarchs are Fading away (Op-Ed) Peter Lehner is executive director of the Natural resources Defense Council (NRDC).
From 1999 to 2010 roughly the decade after glyphosate use took off milkweeds declined 60 percent in the Midwest
Without milkweed to sustain each new generation the migration will fail. Many of us are sensing the loss already.
Monarchs need milkweed and the widespread use of glyphosate is wiping it out. This knowledge gives the EPA an opportunity to muzzle a direct threat to butterflies.
and ranchers in Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin and North and South dakota to reseed pastures with clover alfalfa
Feeding bees may help them stave off illness the agency hopes particularly in an agricultural landscape dominated by corn soybean and cotton not the insects'preferred plants.
and Garcinia increase serotonin levels he recommends that people who are taking an SSRI not use Garcinia at least until further research is done.
or a patient who was considering starting Garcinia and they were on an SSRI I would recommend that they don't do it for now Hendrickson told Live Science.
And one study in rats suggested that extremely high doses of Garcinia may cause testicular atrophy and toxicity.
At that time she had also been taking Garcinia for a month or two but she didn't tell the doctor who prescribed her antidepressant that she had also been taking the weight-loss supplement Hendrickson said.
or two if this is a bigger problem given the number of people taking Garcinia we will see
The researchers said they cannot be absolutely sure that it was indeed the use of Garcinia that caused the patient to develop serotonin toxicity.
although the supplement she was taking was labeled as Garcinia it might not have contained the supplement
and prove that there is Garcinia in it Hendrickson said adding that there is also currently no way to test
whether a certain pill really contains Garcinia or not. Previous research has shown that some supplements did not contain the herbs
For instance valerian root supplement pills that are sold as an herbal sleep aid have been found to contain valium as it was cheaper for the pill manufacturer to use the drug than the herb he said.
However most capsules labeled Garcinia likely do include Garcinia Hendrickson said. And because previous studies have shown that Garcinia causes a serotonin increase it is quite likely that this also occurred in the case discussed in the study the researchers said.
The study was published online April 4 in the Journal of Medical Toxicology. Follow Agata Blaszczak-Boxe on Twitter.
In her upcoming documentary Fed up headed to theatrical release on May 9 co-producer Laurie David explores the roots
A 2010 study in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences identified microfossils of plants such as date palms legumes and grass seeds stuck in Neanderthal teeth.
or tubers Sistiaga told Live Science in an email. Speculative results Other experts were skeptical about
and their seedlings may suffer during long dry summers. The Sierra nevada mountains are the only place in the world where sequoias are found.
The lofty leaves seem more resistant to tension from water pressure from the tree working to pull water from its roots
At the root level sequoias influence the surrounding soil researchers have discovered. On the downhill side of the trees where more leaves
and branches pile up the ph is compared higher to soil beneath nearby sugar pines Stephen Hart an ecologist at the University of California Merced reported at the meeting.
Withstanding drought A drought could also be hard for seedlings and young trees which don't have developed well root systems that can tap water supplies.
But giant sequoia seedlings seem to have an effective drought response they completely shut down tiny pores in their leaves called stomata.
not only carriers for sudden oak death they are also four times more susceptible to fire damage because of the fungus
They have characteristic long noses or trunks; large floppy ears; and wide thick legs. There are two species of elephant.
Elephants eat grasses roots fruit and bark. They use their tusks to pull the bark from trees
and dig roots out of the ground. An elephant has an appetite that matches its size.
For example when they are meeting each other they expect the other elephant to extend its trunk in greeting.
When it gets too hot African elephants will suck water into their trunks and then blow it back out to shower themselves with a cool mist.
An elephant's trunk has more than 100000 muscles according to National geographic. They use it to breathe pick things up make noises drink and smell.
or plants that are resistant to a greener herbicide there are legitimate problems such as weeds acquiring the GM herbicide resistance.
the Green Belt Movement Wangari Maathai rose to international fame in 2004 winning the Nobel Peace Prize for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace.
Opera has its roots in Italy and many famous operas including Aida and La Traviata both by Giuseppe Verdi and Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo were written in Italian
November 1 commemorates Saints Day a religious holiday during which Italians typically decorate the graves of deceased relatives with flowers.
The Theobroma cacao is an evergreen that is native to tropical regions of the American continent and its seeds or beans are the source of the 4m metric tonnes of chocolate produced each year and much of it from countries like the Ivory coast and Indonesia.
Chocolate consumption goes back at least 4000 years to the peoples of present day Mexico: the Mayans Aztecs and their predecessors the Olmec.
Just as today they roasted the fermented seeds from cocoa pods grinding the roast to a powder
Simon Cotton does not work for consult to own shares in or receive funding from any company
Lumbering around on his barky limbs sprouting flowers and even dancing in a pot one of the stars of the film Guardians of the Galaxy bizarrely blends the plant and animal kingdoms.
Animals That Mimic Plants The familiar phenomenon of houseplants growing toward the window for example shows how plants sense
Researchers have shown also corn seedlings lean toward sounds with a 220-Hertz frequency the same tune emitted by the plants'roots
and chili seedlings grow quicker when they sense a fennel plant is growing nearby. Moving#but slowly Groot does more than just sense
so they can maximize photosynthesis with networks of branches and roots. Chamovitz calls rootedness the primary principle of plant biology.
For example they move toward the sunlight by elongating cells on the dark side of the stem.
Carnivorous plants Finally plants have to stay put because movement burns so much energy photosynthesis simply can't power animal-style activity
Those abilities derive from the way plants are structured and their access to stem cells. Arranged in modular body plans plants can grow limbs in different directions
Plant stem cells are found in meristems small groups of cells that stay perpetually embryonic Gilroy said.
and root tips these plant stem cells are pluripotent meaning they can develop into any type of plant cell.
Animals by contrast lack meristems and stem cells are much harder to come by as shown by the difficulties faced by cloning efforts Rayburn said.
Our findings however indicate a history of disturbances to vegetation. Earth's Plant life from Space in Photos Hunt added that these changes in vegetation do not coincide with any known period of climate change
but rather have been brought about by the actions of people. Ancient people of Southeast asia didn't exactly replace their tropical forests with rows of cereal crops
or accidental fires would usually be followed by specific weeds and trees that flourish in charred ground we found evidence that this particular fire was followed by the growth of fruit trees.
This indicates that the people who inhabited the land intentionally cleared it of forest vegetation and planted sources of food in its place.
and silt invaded their roots creating ghost forests still visible today. Decades later these Alaska ghost forests were the clue to figuring out that the Cascadia subduction zone offshore of Washington also had a magnitude-9 megathrust earthquake in 1700.
The Greek historian Herodotus for example once described the Scythians'(Iranian equestrian tribes) post-funeral purification ceremony involving hemp
Apart from the presence of macrofossil remains of plants with these mind-altering properties there are artistic depictions of opium poppies for instance
and fungi species including opium poppy deadly nightshade hallucinogenic mushrooms and ergot fungus. However it's not always possible to determine how people used the substances
In particular at an archaeological site near Bucharest Romania scientists found charred Cannabis seeds from plants in some tombs.
either male or female with male plants producing pollen that pollinates the seed-producing flowers of the female plant).
The presence of burnt seeds in these tombs proves that the prehistoric societies of Eastern europe were aware of this
By 5000 B c. people in the Zagros Mountains of northwestern Iran drank wine instilled with pine resin (for its preservative or medicinal properties.
One of the most revealing items may be a 30-inch-tall (76 centimeters) terracotta figurineknown as the Poppy Goddess.
The figurine found in an almost 3000-year-old cult chamber in Crete depicts a bare-breasted woman with upraised arms and a head bearing three movable hairpins shaped like poppy capsules.
Similarly a luxurious tomb in another area of Spain contained evidence of the hallucinogenic alkaloid hyoscyamine which comes from the nightshade family of plants.
and herbal detox schemes sold though the Internet and hawked by people like Dr. Oz.
or nests that are built into the crooks of branches To get from tree to tree
Squirrels mainly eat fungi seeds nuts and fruits but they will also munch on eggs small insects caterpillars small animals and even young snakes.
San Joaquin antelope ground squirrel woolly flying squirrel Sipora flying squirrel Mentawi flying squirrel Siberut flying squirrel smoky flying squirrel Vincent's bush squirrel Baja california rock squirrel Idaho
They bury their acorns but forget where they put them. The forgotten acorns become oak trees.
Nina Sen contributed to this article. Other resources l
#Papadum the Goat and His Model Genome (Gallery)< p>Currently living on a farm In virginia Papadum was selected recently by the U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) to represent one of more than twenty distinct goat populations from the United states Africa and other
Rosewood also known as bois de rose is an umbrella term for a whole group of tropical timber species mostly from the Genus dalbergia Pterocarpus Diospyros and Milletia
biomarkers of wine and herbal additives that were mixed into the drink including mint cinnamon and juniper.
The researchers found signatures of pine resin which has powerful antibacterial properties and was added likely at the vineyard to help preserve the wine.
The researchers noticed that the cellar's simplest wines those with only resin added were typically found in the jars lined up in a row against the wall near the outdoor entrance to the room.
As for the taste Koh said the ancient booze may have resembled modern retsina a somewhat divisive Greek wine flavored with pine resin described by detractors as having a note of turpentine.
while others say It must have tasted just like vinegar with twigs in it.)While the wine wouldn't be
The time-lapse was taken over six days showing 12400 gallons of wort 1215 pounds of whole-cone hops and 1000 pounds of brewer's yeast in four open-top fermenters.
and fermenting these sugars with yeast to turn them into alcohol. Wort is the sticky sweet liquid extracted from mashing grains like barley or wheat.
Hops are small green conelike fruits from a vine plant that provide flavor. When yeast is added to the mix it eats up all the sugar in the wort and spits out carbon dioxide and alcohol as waste products.
Bigfoot Barleywine is a limited edition strong ale that Sierra nevada releases each January. Follow Livescience@livescience Facebook & Google+.
#Mummies'Milk: World's Oldest Cheese Found in China Yellow chunks of the world's oldest cheese may have been discovered on the bodies of mummies buried in China's Taklamakan Desert.
Instead makers likely fermented this cheese using microbes such as Lactobacillus and Saccharomycetaceae yeasts which are used commonly to make the still-popular fermented dairy beverage known as kefir.
Between 1998 and 2008 the number of horses in Wolong rose from 25 to 350.
which tended to spread into long tendrils bobbing in the currents would head next. These findings could be useful for ocean navigation Jutzeler said.
One of the bison a female named Glen Rosa born in July 2012 was raised at Scotland's Highland Wildlife Park
The World's Biggest Beasts Glen Rosa and the other bison will join an already established herd in Vanatori Neamt Nature Park Romania to help augment both numbers
Most monkeys eat nuts fruits seeds and flowers. Some monkeys also eat meat in the form of bird's eggs small lizards insects and spiders.
These monkeys can quickly walk on two legs across a tree branch. Old world monkeys and humans share a common ancestor.
and bare and deserted no vegetation I have to constantly buy hay and grain to keep the sheep fed#Dixon said looking at the land around her trailer.
but also because rising temperatures forest fires and dying trees will add pollutants and sediment to streams and groundwater greatly affecting Navajos'drinking and irrigation water supplies in the future according to a new University of Colorado report published in May about climate change and adaptation on the Navajo Nation.
Farmer Jonathan Yazzie said he used to grow corn squash zucchini chiles and cantaloupe in northeast Arizona.
Sand dunes are stabilized normally by vegetation but much of that vegetation has died amid the drought allowing the dunes to spread jeopardizing the rangeland and even homes.
Some people in the southwest quadrant of the Navajo Nation may be forced to relocate because of encroaching sand dunes according to Redsteer s research.
Yearlong staples of the women's diet include rice a grain called millet peanuts and cassava.
and scratch him climb away and even jump to another tree branch. She'll do everything in her capacity to reject him Ellis said adding that females appear to reject males successfully more than they accept them in the wild.
The bright-green color is mostly sphagnum moss. Photos: Rare Glimpse of Remote Alaska The U s. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis program the largest network of forest inventory plots in the world does not include 450000 square kilometers (174000 square miles
They're found mainly in many fish nuts seeds and oils from plants. Some examples of foods that contain these fats are salmon trout herring avocados olives walnuts and liquid vegetable oils such as soybean corn safflower canola olive and sunflower.
Studies show that eating foods rich in unsaturated fats lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol and raises HDL (good) cholesterol.
eight slender red maple branches clipped from trees growing in NC State s Hill Forest. I found my way to this particular spot ditch
A couple of degrees warming can make the difference between a stately shade tree and a sad bedraggled specimen with dead branches sparse leaves and grimy scale-encrusted bark.
I became extremely grateful to scores of plant biologists like the one who archived a foot-long maple twig from Hill Forest in 1971.
It turns out that many of these old twigs still have stuck scale insects intact firmly but inconspicuously to the spots where they once lived.
when only 12 branches into my first search in the UNC Herbarium there was a gloomy scale#he same species that burdens our urban red maples.
Even on 100-year old branches the scales looked perfect. So I counted them. And kept counting them on more than 300 historical specimens from the southeastern US then matched up their abundance with historical temperatures for the year
During relatively cool historical time periods only 17%of branches had scale insects. But during relatively hot periods 36%were infested.
In other words scale-infested branches were more than twice as common during hot periods than cool periods#xactly as we would expect
Furthermore the most heavily infested twigs were had ones that grown at temperatures similar to those of modern urban Raleigh.
so to test our prediction we needed to go back to places where those old branches were collected originally
At 16 of the 20 sites gloomy scale populations were denser than they were on the original branches from the same locations.
when a 600-year-old canoe with a turtle carved on its hull emerged from a sand dune after a harsh storm.
The hull measured about 20 feet (6. 08 meters) long and it was made from matai
Carbon dating tests showed that the vessel was last caulked with wads of bark in 1400.
Johns and colleagues say it's likely that the hull once had a twin and together these vessels formed a double canoe (though the researchers haven't ruled out the possibility that the find could have been a single canoe with an outrigger).
when they move from flower to flower during the pollination process. What wasn't known until now was the relationship of systemic host-jumping
while vegetation covers much of the island a carpet of pyroclastic flow and settled ash veiled nearly all of the vegetation on the island's northwestern end according to NASA Earth Observatory.
Follow Live Science@livescience Facebook & Google+.
#Facial recognition Tech Can Read Your Emotions If someone is described as smiling but not with their eyes that person is likely faking the smile.
However the guidelines recommend the nutritional supplement butterbur over magnesium to prevent migraines. The National Library of Medicine and the NIH determined that magnesium may help people with chronic fatigue syndrome and pain from fibromyalgia.
Of course in the absence of large carnivores ungulate populations may grow too large destroy vegetation and more easily transmit diseases.
Ling Chi: People often use the term death of a thousand cuts to describe a slow decline caused by many small wounds.
In China cutting into a person's flesh and then gradually slicing off fingers ears and other body parts until they lost consciousness and bled to death was known as ling chi.
Death by ling chi was outlawed finally in China in 1905. Electrocution: In 1903 Thomas Edison demonstrated the power of electricity by attaching wires to Topsy the Elephant then throwing the switch
The infamous device was used apparently by Phalaris ruler of Sicily with abandon during his reign (c. 570 to 554 B c)
..When Phalaris was met overthrown he his end inside the same brazen bull that came to symbolize his tyranny.
In the study the protein scaffold that holds the cells of a pig bladder in place worked by attracting stem cells to the site the injury
because therapy signals the stem cells to make new muscle. Badylak told Live Science that this technique could also solve some problems of current stem cell therapies.
One big issue is that simply injecting stem cells into an area of the body isn't enough since many of those cells simply die.
The new study shows that a scaffold and a signal from surrounding muscles seems to be help regrow the muscle.
and vegetables are similar to allergy-causing proteins found in pollens such as ragweed birch mugwort and grasses.
Though you might think of it as just another nut in the trail mix the cashew is a decidedly strange snack.
The tree produces a long fleshy stalk called a cashew apple which resembles a small pear.
At the end of this stalk grows the kidney-shaped cashew nut that many know and love. Cashew nuts are protected from hungry passerby by a double shell containing a potent poison called anacardic acid.
This oily substance#closely related to urshiol the toxic compound found in poison ivy poison oak and poison sumac#acts as an irritant causing an allergic rash on the skin.
Its corrosive coating is the reason that cashew nuts are sold not in their shells like pistachios or peanuts.
and roasted a process that rids the nut of toxic oils and leaves its shell brittle and easy to remove.
(i e. poison ivy) may not want to risk finding out whether these processes for removing anarcardic acid are entirely effective.
Along with Brazil nuts and almonds cashews have the highest magnesium content per serving of any tree nut.
Top 10 Cancer-Fighting Foods And in addition to the cashew's known nutritional benefits researchers have explored also the possibility of using the toxic oil found in the nut's shell as an antibiotic.
Cashew nut oil as well as the leaves and bark of the cashew tree have also been used in traditional medicines in communities around the world to treat everything from toothaches to diabetes.
Bears are omnivorous meaning they eat vegetation and meat. Each species of bear has certain foods that they eat more than others though.
Bears can also create a den by digging a hole into a hillside or under tree roots.
Amber is fossilized tree resin. Before it hardened the resin oozed and flowed over bugs and debris on branches and tree bark trapping
and preserving them for millions of years. Dominican amber is especially valuable because it provides a rare window into life on the forest floor.
Trees there appeared either to secrete resin directly from the bases of their trunks or drop resin from their branches entombing creatures living beneath the forest canopy Heads said.
That's the case for the new pygmy locust species which was fossilized in amber after its death.
The wee bug is less than an inch long (20 millimeters) and foraged on lichen and algae for food.
The locust's abdomen shows hints of decay and the insect is surrounded by ants inside the amber suggesting the ants might have been carting off the carcass for a meal.
Mast is a botanical term for the hard nut fruits produced by trees like beeches and acorns.
They usually eat vegetation such as wild celery shoots roots fruit tree bark and tree pulp but they have been known to eat small animals and insects.
18 kg) of vegetation each day. Gorillas'exact diet depends on where they live. According to Sea world about 67 percent of a lowland gorilla's diet is fruit;
17 percent comes from leaves seeds and stems; and 3 percent comes from termites and caterpillars.
The mountain gorilla eats a diet that is about 86 percent leaves shoots and stems; 7 percent roots;
3 percent flowers; 2 percent fruit; and 2 percent snails ants and grubs. Gorillas live in groups.
Groups of gorillas are called troops or bands. A band of gorillas can have as many as 50 members
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