which has declined significantly the Orangetip (Anthocharis cardamines) which seems to be stable since 1990 and the Lulworth Skipper (Thymelicus acteon)
which was bred from its wild progenitor Oryza rufipogon in southern Asia within the past 10000 years.
The new species was collected in a narrow river valley dominated by mountain sainfoin (Onobrychis cornuta) wild almond (Prunus amygdalus) scoparia) and downy brome (Bromus tectorum.
The article is titled Nitrogen deprivation promotes Populus root growth through global transcriptome reprogramming and activation of hierarchical genetic networks.
Maloof and colleagues studied the domestic tomato Solanum lycopersicum and wild relatives S. pennellii S. habrochaites and S. pimpinellifolium.
Some of these sites (including Piper City Ill. are hot spots of rotation-resistance and others (in Nebraska and northwest Missouri for example) lack evidence of rotation-resistant rootworms.
and Rice alumna Rosa Dominguez-Faus found no scientific consensus on the climate-friendly nature of U s.-produced corn-based ethanol
Attracting the enemies of the herbivoresthe hawkmoth Manduca sexta lays its eggs on various plants including tobacco and Sacred Datura plants (Datura wrightii.
Just like Geocoris bugs adult female M. sexta moths are able to detect the changes in the green volatile profile emitted by Sacred Datura plants that have been damaged by M. sexta caterpillars.
They collected more than 9000 seeds from 22 different Euterpe edulis palm populations and used a combination of statistics genetics
An international research team headed up by evolutionary biologists at the University of Zurich has identified now two genes responsible for the flowering of a tropical deciduous tree species Shorea beccariana.
Kentaro Shimizu and their Malaysian Taiwanese and Japanese colleagues collected multiple buds from a single Shorea beccariana tree shortly before the start of flowering.
Given the fact that Shorea is a giant tree having its crown at 40 meters ofheight this sample collection was not easy at all says Shimizu.
Kobayashi concludes that Flowering in Shorea beccariana is triggered by a four-week drought in combination with elevated sucrose levels.
ie. some seeds and tuberous plants such as freshwater chestnuts lotus root and the fern root the addition of starch from palms was unexpected totally and very exciting.
Solanum is the largest genus of the family and with 1500 species is one of the largest genera of flowering plants.
Solanum has 13 major evolutionary groupsor clades. This new study published in the open access journal Phytokeys offers a complete revision of all of the species of the Dulcamaroid clade including the description of a new species endemic to the forests of Ecuador.
The species-rich Genus solanum has remained remarkably underexplored until relatively recently despite the economic importance of some of its members such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.
This research is a part of this effort providing a revision of all the species of an entire clade of Solanum.
Work by participants of the'PBI Solanum'project will result in a modern monographic treatment of the entire genus available on-line.
The new species described in this revision Solanum agnoston discovered by Dr. Sandra Knapp Department of Life sciences The Natural history Museum UK comes from the inter Andean valleys of Southern Ecuador
Solanum is the largest genus of the family and with 1500 species is one of the largest genera of flowering plants.
Solanum has 13 major evolutionary groupsor clades. This new study published in the open access journal Phytokeys offers a complete revision of all of the species of the Dulcamaroid clade including the description of a new species endemic to the forests of Ecuador.
The species-rich Genus solanum has remained remarkably underexplored until relatively recently despite the economic importance of some of its members such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.
This research is a part of this effort providing a revision of all the species of an entire clade of Solanum.
Work by participants of the'PBI Solanum'project will result in a modern monographic treatment of the entire genus available on-line.
The new species described in this revision Solanum agnoston discovered by Dr. Sandra Knapp Department of Life sciences The Natural history Museum UK comes from the inter Andean valleys of Southern Ecuador
In this process a molecule precursor binds to the Faeo enzyme (Fragaria x ananassa enone oxidoreductase) which converts it into the final product namely HDMF.
The clues lie in the genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant Utricularia gibba. The U. gibba genome is the smallest ever to be sequenced from a complex multicellular plant.
Now researchers report in the journal Genome Biology that they have sequenced the lotus genome and the results offer insight into the heart of some of its mysteries.
By looking at changes in the duplicated genes the researchers found that lotus has a slow mutation rate relative to other plants Ming said.
These traits make lotus an ideal reference plant for the study of other eudicots the researchers said.
Echinacea St john's wort and other medicinal herbs; and what Khoury calls iconic U s. crops including sugar maple and wild rice.
Now Kansas State university researcher Bikram Gill and an international team of researchers have developed a physical map of wheat's wild ancestor Aegilops tauschii commonly called goatgrass as they take the first huge step
Many years ago we discovered that a particular wheat ancestor--Aegilops tauschii commonly called goatgrass--is a gold mine for wheat improvement Gill said.
used a hybridised species of grass called perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with a closely related species called meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis.
and a hugely important advance resulting from decades of fundamental BBSRC-supported work on the hybridisation of Lolium and Festuca (Fescue) species
Full details can be found in the paper Iron distribution through the developmental stages of Medicago truncatula nodules.
Examples at MU 125 include purslane globemallow and chenopodium. -Gathered wild resources: These are also Southwestern plants that predated maize
For their experiments the group collected cotton bollworm--also known as corn earworm or Helicoverpa zea-a species of moth that is a major agricultural pest and selected it for resistance against one of the Bt toxins Cry1ac.
and analyzed two ancestral wheat genomes of Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii respectively throwing light on the biology of the world's primary staple crop
and providing valuable new resource for the genetic improvement of wheat. Wheat is a globally important crop due to its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker's flour.
#Whole genome sequencing of wild rice reveals the mechanisms underlying oryza genome evolutionin a collaborative study published online March 13 in Nature Communications researchers from Institute of Genetics
and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences BGI-Shenzhen and University of Arizona have completed the genome sequencing of wild rice Oryza brachyantha.
This work provides new insights for researchers to understand the function and evolution of Oryza genomes.
The Genus oryza is an idea model system for studying plant comparative genomics evolutionary biology and functional biology.
It was also proved to have the most compact genome in the Genus oryza suggesting the genome may not experience many changes after the divergence of Oryza species. In this study researchers generated a high-quality reference genome sequence of O. brachyantha (261mb)
and tandem duplications further expanded by transposable element insertions contributed to transition from euchromatin to heterochromatin in the rice genome reflecting the dynamic nature of the Oryza genomes.
Quanfei Huang Project Manager from BGI said This work revealed many important genomic mechanisms underlying Oryza genome such as the genome size variation gene movement and transition of euchromatin
In the near future I believe there will be more genomes of Oryza species to be cracked enabling the Genus oryza be unparalleled an system for functional and evolutionary studies in plants.
The most species-rich genera are Trichosanthes with 22 species Cucumis with 11 (all but two wild) and the bitter gourd Genus momordica with eight.
and Coffea species often contained low doses of caffeine. They included'robusta'coffee species mainly used to produce freeze-dried coffee
It turned out that these bees had been more loyal to Claytonia in the past than they were now.
The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum or Cyphomandra betacea) can reach up three meters of height and belongs to the Solonaceae family
Venation patterns--or lines of color on flower petals--are common in Antirrhinum flowers commonly known as snapdragons.
Populus a fast-growing perennial tree holds potential as a bioenergy crop due to its ability to produce large amounts of biomass on nonagricultural land.
and dines almost exclusively on the tall and fast-growing low marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) that lines the marsh edges.
but squattier Spartina patens) and other high marsh plants dominate The old WPA mosquito ditches also fulfill the crabs'habitat requirements.
although the situation is unknown in many areas as explained to SINC by Rocã o Rosa Garcã a researcher at SERIDA and coauthor of the study.
and often the goat is the only source of animal protein in their diet explains Rosa Garcã a. The team led by Koldo Osoro Otaduy manager of the Animal Production Systems Area at SERIDA
and whether it interferes with the survival of the most sensitive species outlines Rosa Garcã a. Story Source:
Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) a mid-story shrub introduced from East asia as an ornamental and to provide bird habitat is the black hat in the oak-hickory forests.
and BGI has completed the first genome sequence of the diamondback moth (DBM) the most destructive pest of brassica crops.
The team points out that vast tonnages of seeds from the deciduous mahua (Madhuca indica) and semi-deciduous sal (Shorea robusta) trees are simply left to waste on the forest floor.
and large increases of Acer (maple) Populus (poplar) and Quercus (oak) in northern hardwoods whereas to the south these disturbances perpetuated the dominance of oak in central hardwoods.
This bird makes its nest in the marsh's shallow slush forming its home with strands of the California cordgrass Spartina foliosa.
and glycine) in two Mediterranean species typically used in restoration: the holm oak (Quercus ilex L.)and the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill..
By using a stable isotope of nitrogen (N) researchers assessed the absorption efficiency of various nitrogen sources for both species. They observed that the best absorbed source was followed urea by ammonia glycine and finally the nitrate.
Besides the usage of organic sources such as glycine is something new in these types of research.
Throughout this study researchers confirmed that the two species studied can absorb intact glycine via foliar.
A research team led by Professor Sami Doä anlar analyzed three different interspecific populations of Solanum peruvianum Solanum habrochaites and Solanam pimpinellifolium for antioxidant and agronomic traits.
Our analyses showed that the Solanum habrochaites population provided the best starting material for improvement of water-soluble antioxidant activity
The Solanum habrochaites population also contained individuals that had nearly 2-fold more water-soluble antioxidant activity and phenolic content than cultivated tomato.
The Solanum peruvianum population was determined to be best for improvement of Vitamin c content with 3-fold variation for the trait and individuals
Cultivation with a tine weeder and hand weeding are the primary tools currently used for weed control in organic sweet onion (Allium ceps) explained scientist W. Carroll Johnson III.
Phragmites australis or the common reed is a rapid colonizer that has overrun many coastal wetlands from New england to the Southeast.
Land managers traditionally have used chemical herbicides to slow phragmites'spread but with only limited and temporary success. Now field experiments by researchers at Duke
or other livestock in severely affected marshes can reduce the stem density of phragmites cover by about half in around three weeks said Brian R. Silliman lead author of the new study and Rachel Carson associate professor of marine conservation
and his colleagues found that a pair of the hungry herbivores could reduce phragmites cover from 94 percent to 21 percent on average by the end of the study.
if managers combine grazing with the selective use of herbicides to eradicate any remaining phragmites
and recently has been tested successfully on small patches of heavily phragmites-invaded marshes in New york he notes.
In this research published in Nature Communications the group demonstrates using the model legume Lotus japonicus that the downward signaling is performed actually by a cytokinin--though the exact molecule remains to be identified
and development and opens the road to identifying the exact cytokinin involved in downward signaling in the Lotus japonicus.
Now our study with Lotus japonicus has given us the first convincing evidence of a shoot-to-root signal function of cytokinin.
In particular they have tracked the fate of the grass Spartina alterniflora which their research has found to be the victim of herbivorous Sesarma purple marsh crabs run amok.
A new study of the populations in northern Iran however has revealed a new host--Sagittaria trifolia commonly known as arrowhead.
Oryza rufipogon a wild relative of rice utilised to confer tolerance to drought and aluminium toxicity;
Glycine soja used to improve protein content in soybean; and Vitis amurensis a wild relative of grape which has been used to improve cold tolerance.
Worryingly of these 871 CWR native to China at least 17%are threatened with extinction in China
For example the crop wild relative of the wheat crop Aegilops tauschii is resistant to Hessian fly
Saccharum arundinaceum is a relative of sugar cane and can survive very low temperatures and Prunus ferganensis the crop wild relative of peach is tolerant to drought conditions.
Globally the highest concentration of CWR per unit area is found in Syria and Lebanon.
The weed called parthenium is so destructive that farmers in the east African nation have given despairingly it the nickname faramsissa in Amharic
After a decade-long effort scientists from the Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab released a parthenium-eating beetle called Zygogramma bicolorata.
and breeds only on parthenium leaves said Muni Muniappan director of the Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab a program funded by the U s. Agency for International Development.
Parthenium is native to The americas where a suite of natural enemies that includes the Zygogramma beetle keeps the weed in check.
But in the early 1970s parthenium entered Ethiopia in shipments of food aid from the United states. With no serious contenders the plant flourished.
In the past three decades parthenium has become the second most common weed in Ethiopia suppressing the growth of all other plants
Parthenium is poisonous. People who come into contact with it can suffer from skin irritations bronchial asthma and fever.
The Innovation Lab built a quarantine facility in 2007 to ensure that the pea-sized beetle had eyes for parthenium alone.
The group moved from parthenium patch to parthenium patch dumping beetles from containers. Ethiopian researchers will monitor the sites
But even these measures will not eliminate parthenium from Ethiopian farmland. Biocontrol is control not eradication said Witt.
which led to a Mexican scientist to design a technology capable of degrading the product materials by the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The project led by Rosa Marã a Espinosa Valdemar researcher at the Autonomous Metropolitan University Azcapotzalco (UAM-A is
or additives within similarly shaped wine jars including honey storax resin terebinth resin cedar oil cyperus juniper and possibly mint myrtle and cinnamon.
and Latin america a fact that led him in 2012 to create the company Bambusa located in Cholula Puebla in center Mexico.
The Pine Barrens gentian species (Gentiana autumnalis) thrives after its ecosystem has experienced disturbance as one of the earliest species to begin re-inhabiting empty spaces--a phase known as early succession.
and Pennisetum purpurem (napier grass) despite public criticism added U of I professor of agricultural law A. Bryan Endres who co-authored the research to define legislative language for potentially invasive bioenergy feedstocks.
Others have vague names such as jatropha with no species name which is problematic. For example there are three main Miscanthus species
The paper The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication was published online in Nature Genetics on Sunday.
Sequencing of the African rice genome was made possible by National Science Foundation grants#0321678#0638541#0822284 and#1026200 to the Oryza Map Alignment and Oryza Genome Evolution Projects.
#Stress-tolerant tomato relative sequencedthe genome of Solanum pennellii a wild relative of the domestic tomato has been published by an international group of researchers including the labs headed by Professors Neelima Sinha and Julin
In another experiment the researchers cultivated the forage plant Panicum maximum at a temperature 2â°C above normal at a carbon concentration of 600 parts per million (ppm) equivalent to twice the amount there is today an amount
'Juncus effuses'Frenzy'Helianthus angustifolius (swamp sunflower) Helianthus angustfolius'First Light 'and Eupatorium purpureum subsp. maculatum (Joe pye weed) performed well in the experiments
and Roberto Lopez from Purdue University designed a series of lighting experiments on plugs of Antirrhinum Catharanthus Celosia Impatiens Pelargonium Petunia Tagetes Salvia and Viola.
Results showed that the height of Catharanthus Celosia Impatiens Petunia Tagetes Salvia and Viola was 31%29%31%55%20%9%and 35%shorter respectively for seedlings grown under 85:15 red:
Stem caliper of Antirrhinum Pelargonium and Tagetes was 16%8%and 13%larger respectively for seedlings grown under the 85:15 red:
Professor Rosa Maria Marcã from the Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona said: This highly selective and sensitive instrument has allowed the small amounts of TSNAS stuck to the surface of house dust to be measured for the first time.
and naming Solanum cordicitum (pronounced So-lay-num core-duh-SEE-tum). It's a new unique plant from the United states she says.
The new species belongs to the Genus solanum which includes some 1500 species of mostly poisonous plants including nightshades but also three economically important global food crops:
because it must end with the same syllable as Solanum to comply with naming rules.
The derivation of Solanum is unknown but may be from sol for sun or from solamen for consolation comforting
The Solanaceae family including the Genus solanum is known as the nightshade family and many of the plants are toxic hallucinogenic
and create a comprehensive online inventory of all 1500 species in Solanum one of Earth's largest genera of flowering plants.
In the same study the botanists elevate to full species status three other closely related plants that were named previously varieties of other Solanum species
but that DNA analysis showed to be separate species. Like the new species they all belong to a group of Solanum named section Androceras
which is a group of weedy Solanum plants native to the central and southwestern U s. and Mexico.
That is unusual because most Solanum groups are tropical Bohs says. The most widespread Androceras species is S. rostratum known as buffalo bur prickly nightshade and Kansas thistle.
A larger group of 350 to 400 Solanum species are known as spiny solanums because they have prickles.
While S. cordicitum belongs to a weedy group within the spiny solanums technically it isn't a weed
It's got a beautiful interesting flower form unique in Solanum Bohs says. The researchers'report can be found online at:
while conducting a life cycle assessment of the flowering tree'Forest Pansy'(Cercis canadensis L.)The study incorporated partial budgeting modeling procedures to measure the sensitivity of related costs
or Solanum campylacanthum is wicked a plant. Not a true apple this relative of the eggplant smothers native grasses with its thorny stalks while its striking yellow fruit provides a deadly temptation to sheep and cattle.
When you add the wild herbivores they have a negative effect on the Solanum so they're actually promoting a higher biomass of high-quality habitat for livestock.
While elephants ate an enormous amount of Solanum seeds they also often destroyed the entire plant ripping it out of the ground and stuffing the whole bush into their mouths.
While other researchers have identified genes involved in producing the first green leaves of spring the discovery of a master regulator in poplar trees (Populus species) could eventually lead to breeding plants that are adapted better for warmer climates.
and their progeny was fertile as well one can consider them as a new species. The scientists named it Nicotiana tabauca.
Phaseolus genome lends insights into nitrogen fixationit doesn't take much to see that the problems of three little people doesn't add up to a hill of beans in this crazy world Humphrey Bogart famously said in the movie Casablanca.
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) a flowering plant native to the Sonoran desert and southwest United states has a laundry list of traits that make it a fierce competitor on the farm said Aaron Hager a University of Illinois
Ash trees (Fraxinus spp. line city streets and fill agricultural windbreaks throughout much of North america--38 million landscape trees in the 25 states surrounding Detroit according to US Forest Service estimate.
#Growing camelina, safflower in the Pacific Northwesta recent study published in Agronomy Journal provides information important to farmers growing oilseed crops.
In the study camelina and safflower were grown in three-year rotations with winter wheat and summer fallow.
Brenton Sharratt and William Schillinger found that adding camelina or safflower crops into a rotation with winter wheat and summer fallow increased the amount of dust at the end of tillage-based fallow
Their findings show that adding camelina or safflower into the crop rotation increased the chances of wind erosion late in the fallow cycle.
#Crocodile tears please thirsty butterflies and beesthe butterfly (Dryas iulia) and the bee (Centris sp.
and aquatic ecologist Carlos de la Rosa was passing slowing and quietly by and caught the moment on film.
De la Rosa reported the encounter in a peer-reviewed letter in the May 2014 issue of the Ecological Society of America's journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
It was one of those natural history moments that you long to see up close said de la Rosa the director of the La Selva Biological Station for the Organization for Tropical Field Studies in San pedro Costa rica.
De la Rosa had seen butterflies and moths in the Amazon feeding on the tears of turtles and a few caimans.
and some bees doing this said de la Rosa. A search of the scientific literature produced a detailed study of bees drinking human tears in Thailand as well as the remembered October 2012 Trails
This experience reminds us that the world still has many surprises for ecologists de la Rosa said.
De la Rosa is a specialist in the biology of non-biting midges and a natural historian with his eyes always open to new discoveries.
De la Rosa's job as director of La Selva Biological Station brings him an unusual number of serendipitous encounters with wildlife.
Those are the kinds of things that you know you don't plan for them you can't plan for them de la Rosa said.
The peanut in fields today is the result of a natural cross between two wild species Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis
The project takes a long view on why invasive garlic mustard plants thrive to the detriment of native species. Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a plant native to Europe
This is necessary since they mainly feed on fruit of pepper plants from the Genus piper that grow in the understory.
and promote the growth of thorny thickets of buckthorn viburnum and multiflora rose bushes. If deer leave the forests alone such trees as cottonwood locust
Once the correct combination of enzymes was finalized researchers modified Nicotiana benthamiana an Australian plant that is closely related to tobacco plant.
and Maris Piper varieties that can completely thwart attacks from late blight. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Norwich Bioscience Institutes.
Now the genome of Greater Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) has given this miniscule plant's potential as a biofuel source a big boost.
or biochemistry of photosynthesis. The placement of the Spirodela genome as a basal monocot species will serve as a new reference for all flowering plants.
The new species Lithocarpus orbicarpus is a medium to small tree with simple leaves. It can be distinguished easily by its spherical acorns covered with a dense pattern of irregularly placed scales that completely conceal the nut except for a tiny opening at the top and
which are compounds found in the tissue of broccoli and other brassica vegetables (such as cauliflower cabbage and kale).
In both Helichrysum species we found there were interactions of the main factors in almost all growth parameters;
and nut species including common apple (Malus domestica) Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) European or sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) European plum (Prunus domestica) and European pear (Pyrus communis).
and sister species Phytophthora mirabilis a pathogen that split from P. infestans around 1300 years ago to target the Mirabilis jalapa plant commonly known as the four o'clock flower.
'The researchers found that P. mirabilis evolved effectors that disable the defences of the four o'clock plant
just as P. mirabilis has evolved effectors that fit four o'clock proteases.''If we could breed plants with proteases that can detect these stealthy EPIC effectors we could prevent them from'sneaking in
One of the major indicators of human action in the rainforest is the sheer prevalence of fast-growing'weed'trees such as Macaranga Celtis and Trema.
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