44 percent of Swiss men smoke tobacco the majority of whom are at-risk consumers--they smoke at least once a day. 36 percent of young adults smoke cannabis
whether these young Swiss men read up on addictive substances such as alcohol tobacco cannabis or other drugs and are aware
or tobacco did so along with 38 percent of at-risk consumers of cannabis. Moreover at-risk consumers of alcohol or tobacco seek information two and a half times more frequently than abstainers.
Cannabis-consumers research addictive substances four times more frequently and the at-risk consumers among them even five times more frequently than those who don't smoke cannabis.
and especially the at-risk consumers rate their knowledge of the health consequences of alcohol tobacco
and increase urgency to quit smokingplain packaging for cigarettes seems to make tobacco less appealing
Australia formally introduced plain brown packaging accompanied by graphic health warnings taking up three quarters of the front of the pack for all tobacco products on December 1 2012.
and whether it helped curb the appeal of tobacco emphasise its harms and boost thoughts of quitting among smokers.
and immediately after implementation of the legislation requiring all tobacco sold at retail outlets to be contained in plain packs.
The results indicated that perception of exaggerated tobacco harm or the frequency with which smokers thought about the damage cigarettes might be doing to them differed little between the two groups.
The organizations'leadership thought other policies offered more promising ways to reduce smoking such as by raising cigarette taxes imposing more severe restrictions on indoor smoking and controlling tobacco marketing.
However local coalitions pressing for smoking bans need to be strong enough to overcome the opposition of the tobacco
and the evidence may help to reduce tobacco-related illness and death in the short term Dr. Bayer and co-author Kathleen E. Bachynski suggest that healthcare policymakers will need to make a stronger case with more conclusive evidence to gain the public trust.
or contestable evidence of third party harms public health officials should assert boldly that the challenge of tobacco related morbidity
Tobacco is the number-one preventable cause of death in the United states but its impact is limited not to smokers.
#Climate change deniers using dirty tricks from Tobacco Wars, expert saysfossil fuel companies have been funding smear campaigns that raise doubts about climate change writes John Sauven in the latest issue of Index on Censorship magazine.
Some of the characters involved have worked previously to deny the reality of the hole in the ozone layer acid rain and the link between tobacco and lung cancer.
And the tactics they are applying are largely the same as those they used in the tobacco wars.
And as in the tobacco wars the fight over clean energy is likely to be a dirty one.
#Tobacco control policies stop people from smoking and save lives, study findstobacco control measures put in place in 41 countries between 2007 and 2010 will prevent some 7. 4 million premature deaths by 2050 according to a study published in the Bulletin of the World health organization today.
since the World health organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) was established in 2005. It demonstrates the success of THE WHO FCTC in reducing tobacco use and thus saving lives.
It's a spectacular finding that by implementing these simple tobacco control policies governments can save so many lives said lead author David Levy Phd professor of oncology at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
in Washington. In 2008 WHO identified six evidence-based tobacco control measures that are the most effective in reducing tobacco use
and started to provide technical support to help countries fulfill their WHO FCTC obligations. Known as MPOWER these measures correspond to one
Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies Protecting people from tobacco smoke Offering help to quit tobacco use Warning people about the dangers of tobacco Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising Promotion
and sponsorship and Raising taxes on tobacco. The authors did a modeling exercise and projected the number of premature deaths that would be averted by 2050 through the implementation of one or more of these measures.
In addition to some 7. 4 million lives saved the tobacco control policies we examined can lead to other health benefits such as fewer adverse birth outcomes related to maternal smoking including low birth weight
If these high-impact tobacco control measures were implemented even more widely millions more smoking-related deaths would be averted said Douglas Bettcher MD director of the department of noncommunicable diseases at WHO.
Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world with six million smoking-attributable deaths per year today
By taking the right measures this tobacco epidemic can be prevented entirely. THE WHO FCTC was developed in response to the globalization of the tobacco epidemic.
Since THE WHO FCTC came into force in 2005 175 countries and the European union have become parties to it.
#Tobacco laws for youth may reduce adult smokingstates that want to reduce rates of adult smoking may consider implementing stringent tobacco restrictions on teens suggests a new study by researchers at Washington University School of medicine in St louis
. The researchers discovered that states with more restrictive limits on teens purchasing tobacco also have lower adult smoking rates especially among women.
because in most states it was illegal for anyone under 18 to buy tobacco products Grucza said.
Interestingly they found the policies to restrict youth access to tobacco had a big impact on women
or tobacco than underage men Grucza said. We suspect that policies like those that require checking IDS may have evened things out by making it
In New york there is a proposal to raise the age for tobacco purchases to 21. Meanwhile in Alabama Mississippi Alaska and Utah the minimum age for tobacco purchases already has been raised to 19.
Funding for this research comes from the National Institute on Drug abuse and the National Cancer Institute of the National institutes of health (NIH.
#Every 10 tobacco ad sightings boost teens risk of starting to smoke by almost 40 percenttobacco ads really do persuade teens to take up smoking with every 10 sightings boosting the risk by almost 40
The researchers base their findings on over 1300 ten to 15 year old nonsmokers whose exposure to tobacco advertising
Exposure to cigarettes ads was much lower than that for the other non-tobacco products
When a range of well known influences for taking up smoking was factored in smoking among peers proved the strongest influence followed closely by exposure to tobacco ads.
The greater the exposure to tobacco ads the greater was the likelihood that the teen would take up smoking the analysis showed.
Teens who saw the most tobacco ads (11 to 55) were around twice as likely to become established smokers
and daily smokers as those who saw the least (0 to 2. 5). And for each additional 10 sightings of a tobacco ad a teen was 38%more likely to become an established smoker
and 30%more likely to smoke every day compared with sightings for non-tobacco product ads.
But they conclude that the data from their study support the content-specific association between tobacco advertising
and smoking behaviour and therefore the total ban on tobacco advertising advocated by the World health organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control data from this study support this measure because only exposure to tobacco advertisements predicted smoking initiation
Attracting the enemies of the herbivoresthe hawkmoth Manduca sexta lays its eggs on various plants including tobacco and Sacred Datura plants (Datura wrightii.
One of these green-leaf volatiles released by tobacco plants is known as (Z)- 3-hexenyl acetate
The warning comes on World No Tobacco Day held today. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer in Europe
and 13%of CVD deaths in women of the same age. 2 Risks from smoking are related to how much tobacco is smoked daily
3#¢Ban tobacco products with a characterising flavour from the market. Flavours improve the taste
#¢Introduce plain packaging for tobacco products and avoid trademarks or promotional elements. Studies suggest that this will have a large impact on preventing young adults from trying smoking.#¢
#¢Introduce a requirement for medicine authorisation of all non-tobacco nicotine containing products to prevent promotion to young adults who are nonsmokers.#¢
#¢Regulate electronic cigarettes as a tobacco and medical product. Brands with flavours such as vanilla or chocolate attract children
European institutions are currently working on a new Tobacco Products Directive. The ESC is therefore calling the relevant policy-makers to include its recommendations
and adolescents who are susceptible to tobacco promotion and find it more difficult to quit smoking.
#Tobacco companies are not public health stakeholders, experts concludewhen assessing information presented by the tobacco industry the US regulator the Food
The researchers led by Stanton Glantz from the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California San francisco reached these conclusions by analysing previously secret documents from the tobacco industry
and the Institute of Medicine related to the Institute's landmark 2001 report Clearing the smoke--a report that set the tone for the development and regulation of tobacco products in the US particularly those claiming to be less dangerous.
The authors found that tobacco companies developed and implemented strategies with consulting and legal firms to access the IOM proceedings (that led to the FDA-commissioned Institute of Medicine report on tobacco products)
and that the companies used this access to deliver specific carefully formulated messages designed to serve their business interests.
Although the authors found no evidence that the efforts of tobacco companies exerted direct influence on the IOM committee the analysis shows that tobacco companies were pleased with the final report particularly its recommendation that tobacco products can be marketed with exposure
which all scientific discourse is based created an opportunity for the tobacco companies to advocate positions that supported their interests.
The presence of tobacco industry representatives on the FDA's Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee combined with the FDA's official consideration of the tobacco industry as a stakeholder increase the likelihood that the tobacco companies will continue to successfully manipulate the scientific discourse around tobacco
**when assessing the role of the tobacco companies and the information they present as part of the regulatory process.
because it is unlikely that the industry will ever be part of the solution to the public health challenge of tobacco use.
The profits from selling cigarettes and alternative tobacco products are simply too great for the tobacco industry to simply fade into history.
to rally popular support for strong science-based approaches to prevention of tobacco use to expose the truths about the harms of tobacco use to current users
*The World health organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control developed in response to the globalization of the tobacco epidemic.
Article 5. 3 relates to the protection of public health policies with respect from tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry.**
#Combined wood and tobacco smoke exposure increases risk and symptoms of COPDPEOPLE who are exposed consistently to both wood smoke
and tobacco smoke are at a greater risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and for experiencing more frequent and severe symptoms of the disease as well as more severe airflow obstruction than those who are exposed to only one type of smoke according to the results of a new population-based study conducted by researchers in Colombia.
and who had smoked never tobacco (30.9 percent); those who were exposed to tobacco smoke but had no exposure to wood smoke (18.7 percent);
those who had been exposed to both types of smoke (29.8 percent; and those who had exposure to neither type of smoke (20.6 percent.
and tobacco smoke exposure; moreover the prevalence of COPD increased as exposure to wood smoke increased.
After adjusting for specific factors including age active and passive tobacco smoking education level history of TB
and women and those with both wood and tobacco exposure had poorer lung function scores
and to be shorter than those exposed to tobacco smoke or to a combination of wood and tobacco smoke.
and tobacco smoke and those with both exposures had more symptoms and more severe disease than those who were exposed to only one type of smoke.
and tobacco smoke produces an additive effect that causes an increase in COPD prevalence and in the frequency of COPD symptoms he added.
#No significant change seen in overall smokeless tobacco use among U s. youthstobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death
However limited information exists on trends in smokeless tobacco use among U s. youths writes Israel T. Agaku D. M d. M p h. of the Harvard School of Public health Boston and colleagues.
As reported in a Research Letter in the May 15 issue of JAMA the authors analyzed recent trends in prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among youths using the 2000-2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey
Current smokeless tobacco use was defined as use of snuff chewing or dipping tobacco for 1 or more days within the past 30 days.
The researchers found that no significant change in overall smokeless tobacco prevalence occurred between 2000 (5. 3 percent) and 2011 (5. 2 percent.
Downward trends were observed in the age groups of 9 to 11 and 12 to 14 years.
The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among U s. youths did not change between 2000 and 2011
The use of modified traditional smokeless tobacco products such as moist snuff coupled with lower taxes on smokeless tobacco products (vs. cigarettes) may have contributed to the stable prevalence of smokeless tobacco
#these findings emphasize the need for evidence-based interventions to reduce smokeless tobacco use among youths.
#No significant change seen in overall smokeless tobacco use among U s. youthstobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death
However limited information exists on trends in smokeless tobacco use among U s. youths writes Israel T. Agaku D. M d. M p h. of the Harvard School of Public health Boston and colleagues.
As reported in a Research Letter in the May 15 issue of JAMA the authors analyzed recent trends in prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among youths using the 2000-2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey
Current smokeless tobacco use was defined as use of snuff chewing or dipping tobacco for 1 or more days within the past 30 days.
The researchers found that no significant change in overall smokeless tobacco prevalence occurred between 2000 (5. 3 percent) and 2011 (5. 2 percent.
Downward trends were observed in the age groups of 9 to 11 and 12 to 14 years.
The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among U s. youths did not change between 2000 and 2011
The use of modified traditional smokeless tobacco products such as moist snuff coupled with lower taxes on smokeless tobacco products (vs. cigarettes) may have contributed to the stable prevalence of smokeless tobacco
#these findings emphasize the need for evidence-based interventions to reduce smokeless tobacco use among youths.
#Nonsmoking hotel rooms still expose occupants to tobacco smokenon-smokers should give hotels that allow smoking in certain rooms a wide berth say the authors
and air quality of rooms for evidence of tobacco smoke pollution (nicotine and 3ep) known as third hand smoke in a random sample of budget to mid-range hotels in San diego California.
and a cancer causing agent found specifically in tobacco smoke--known as NKK--as measured by their metabolites cotinine and NNAL.
The findings showed that smoking in hotels left a legacy of tobacco pollution in both smoking
A partial smoking ban did not protect the occupants of nonsmoking rooms from exposure to tobacco pollution.
Urinary NNAL was also significantly higher in those staying in the 10 rooms containing the highest levels of tobacco pollutants.
Moreover nonsmoking guests staying in smoking rooms may be exposed to tobacco smoke pollutants at levels found among nonsmokers exposed to second hand smoke.
Guests who wish to protect themselves from exposure to tobacco smoke should avoid hotels that permit smoking
This may explain the difference between bladderworts and junk-heavy species like corn and tobacco--and humans.
soybean sunflower tobacco and tomato. The plant lineage that includes the sacred lotus forms a separate branch of the eudicot family tree
Previous studies have found that cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco also a Solanaceae plant reduced relative risk of Parkinson's disease.
if nicotine or other components in tobacco provide a protective effect or if people who develop Parkinson's disease are simply less apt to use tobacco because of differences in the brain that occur early in the disease process long before diagnosis. For the present population-based study Dr. Susan Searles Nielsen
and colleagues from the University of Washington in Seattle recruited 490 patients newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at the university's Neurology Clinic or a regional health maintenance organization Group Health Cooperative.
and tobacco use which researchers defined as ever smoking more than 100 cigarettes or regularly using cigars pipes or smokeless tobacco.
Vegetable consumption in general did not affect Parkinson's disease risk but as consumption of edible Solanaceae increased Parkinson's disease risk decreased with peppers displaying the strongest association.
Researchers noted that the apparent protection from Parkinson's occurred mainly in men and women with little or no prior use of tobacco
Similar to the many studies that indicate tobacco use might reduce risk of Parkinson's our findings also suggest a protective effect from nicotine or perhaps a similar but less toxic chemical in peppers and tobacco.
Contrary to what we would expect we also found that students who smoked both tobacco and marijuana were more likely to smoke more tobacco than those who smoked only tobacco said study author Megan Moreno MD MSED MPH FAAP an investigator at Seattle Children's Research Institute and associate professor
of pediatrics at the University of Washington. Dr. Moreno and her colleagues randomly selected incoming college students from two universities--one in the Northwest
if they had used tobacco or marijuana ever in their lives and in the past 28 days. Researchers also assessed the quantity
and frequency of marijuana and tobacco use in the past 28 days. Results showed that prior to entering college 33 percent of the 315 participants reported lifetime tobacco use
and 43 percent of lifetime users were current users. In addition tobacco users were more likely to have used marijuana than those who did not use tobacco.
By the end of their freshman year 66 percent of participants who reported tobacco use prior to entering college remained current users with an average of 34 tobacco episodes per month.
Of these 53 percent reported concurrent marijuana use. Overall users of both substances averaged significantly more tobacco episodes per month than current users of tobacco only (42 vs. 24.
These findings are significant because in the past year we have seen legislation passed that legalizes marijuana in two states Dr. Moreno said.
whether increased marijuana use will impact tobacco use among older adolescents. Future work should involve designing educational campaigns highlighting the increased risks of using these substances together Dr. Moreno concluded.
#Early dialogue between parents, children stems teen smokingearly substantive dialogue between parents and their grade-school age children about the ills of tobacco and alcohol use can be more powerful in shaping teen behavior
Yang's current work Demarketing teen tobacco and alcohol use: Negative peer influence and longitudinal roles of parenting
and teens is effective in combating risky behavior such as tobacco and alcohol use and that parental influences buffer the impact of other external factors such as social media and peer pressure.
About 30 percent of youth smokers will continue to use tobacco and will die early from a smoking-related disease the agency says.
and advertising are of paramount influence on teen decisions to use tobacco and alcohol or engage in other risky behaviors.
The research also shows that parents could have a positive impact on discouraging their teen from using tobacco by sharing their own experiences.
#Smoking from hookah not a harmless alternative to cigarettessmoking tobacco through a hookah is a pastime gaining popularity among the college crowd
Peyton Jacob III Phd a UCSF research chemist and Neal Benowitz MD a UCSF tobacco researcher both based at San francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center
Smoking tobacco from a hookah is common in many Middle Eastern countries. In the United states water pipe tobacco usage traditionally had been most popular among people of Middle Eastern ancestry.
However a 2009 survey found that three in 10 university students had smoked tobacco from a water pipe on at least one occasion with hookah use being disproportionately popular among white students males and fraternity and sorority members.
Toxins Unique to Hookah Smoking The UCSF study included eight men and five women all of whom had previous experience smoking cigarettes
Hookah users are smoking more than just tobacco. You're basically burning a charcoal briquette on top of the tobacco Benowitz said
and most of what you're smoking is a moist fruit preparation which is mixed with the tobacco.
It smells good and it tastes good. However Jacob said In addition to delivering toxic substances from the charcoal
and tobacco the heat causes chemical reactions in the mixture which produce toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS).
Intake of nicotine the addictive component of tobacco was less with water pipe use. Among those not yet addicted the most common pattern of hookah use in the United states--about once per week--is not likely to cause addiction Benowitz said.
The research was funded by the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program and by the National institutes of health.
#Tobacco companies keep people smoking despite UK cigarette tax increasesraising tobacco prices is one of the most effective means of reducing tobacco use particularly among price-sensitive smokers such as young
and deter smoking tobacco companies have been absorbing the tax increases on their ultra-low-price (ULP) brands to keep their prices low.
Transnational tobacco companies categorise cigarette brands into four price segments: premium mid-price economy and ultra-low-price (ULP.
Tobacco companies have achieved this by overshifting taxes on their higher priced brands (increasing cigarette prices on top of the tax increases)
The former enables tobacco companies to increase their profits while the latter helps keep smokers in the market.
& Health Foundation Clinician Scientist in the University of Bath's Department for Health and the UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies Tobacco companies use their price changes to win two ways in the UK:
when tobacco taxes increase each year the tobacco companies hide their price increases on more expensive cigarettes behind the tax increases making large profits from smokers who aren't bothered by price increases.
Tobacco company revenues increase and fewer smokers quit. To increase the effectiveness of cigarette taxes the UK government must find ways to narrow the price gap between the cheapest and most expensive cigarettes
and prevent tobacco companies from discounting their cheapest brands. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Wiley.
#Smoking may negatively impact kidney function among adolescentsexposure to tobacco smoke could negatively impact adolescent kidney function;
and found the effects of tobacco smoke on kidney function begin in childhood. The results are featured in the April 2013 issue of Pediatrics.
Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke are major health problems for adolescents resulting in short-term
In this nationally representative sample of U S. adolescents exposure to tobacco including secondhand smoke and active smoking was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rates--a common measure of how well the kidneys are Working in addition we found a modest but positive association between serum cotinine concentrations a biomarker of tobacco exposure among first
-morning albumin to creatinine ratio. These findings further support the conclusion that tobacco smoke may damage the kidneys.
Using a cross-sectional study of 7516 adolescents ages 12 to 17 the authors assessed participant tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke through self-reported data from a home questionnaire and serum cotinine.
Participants who reported having smoked at least one day in the last month or at least one cigarette in the last month or those who had serum cotinine concentrations over 10 ng/ml were classified as active smokers.
and not smoking in the last month were classified as unexposed to tobacco. Earlier studies examining U s. adolescent tobacco exposure have indicated more than 600000 middle school students
and 3 million high school students smoke cigarettes and 15 percent of nonsmoking adolescents report exposure to secondhand smoke at home.
Tobacco as a chronic kidney disease risk factor is of great concern given the high prevalence of use
This is despite the price of cigarettes rising up to three times faster than before the legislation came into effect according to a new study published online in the journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.
The World health organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control exhorts Parties to implement tax policies aimed at reducing tobacco consumption.
and therefore tobacco products in the Canary islands were not subject to the type of excise duties that were implemented elsewhere in Spain (mainland and the Balearics).
The authors looked into the Spanish tobacco market to find out why this might be so.
They found that the price of fine cut tobacco for use in hand-rolled cigarettes fell in real terms between 2005 and 2008
and has remained well below that of manufactured cigarettes with the share of fine cut tobacco over total tobacco sales more than trebling (from 1. 6%to 5. 1%of sales This suggests that smokers may have rolled taken up hand cigarettes since the introduction
s the new tax regime has performed poorly in regard of the public health objective of reducing tobacco consumption.
It seems that a necessary condition to achieve such a reduction would be to plug the tax loophole that allows fine cut tobacco into the market at a substantive discount compared to manufactured cigarettes.
if they allow a tax gap between fine cut tobacco and manufactured cigarettes. Member States should be proactive in this regard
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011