The nut technically called a drupe holds coconut water when the coconut is unripe but the water is absorbed as the fruit ripens from green to brown with a husk.
Coconut water has a considerable amount of nutrients including potassium sodium magnesium and calcium especially when compared with other juices.
Gluten refers to the proteins found in wheat endosperm (a type of tissue produced in seeds that's ground to make flour.
Though true gluten is defined sometimes as being specific to wheat gluten is said often to be part of other cereal grains including rye barley
and goosefoot pollen. 4. Molds are microscopic plants that reproduce by sending tiny spores into the air.
Molasses is a dark viscous liquid that's generally made from sugarcane. Grapes sugar beets sorghum or other plants can also be used to make a molasses-like substance.
The production of molasses is a labor-intensive process requiring several steps including cutting the sugarcane plants boiling straining skimming
As a key ingredient in the distillation of rum molasses (and the cultivation of sugarcane) played a crucial part in the slave trade that brought an estimated 12 million Africans to The americas to work as slave laborers many in the tropics
where sugarcane is grown. In 1919 a tank holding 2. 5 million gallons of molasses in Boston's North End suddenly burst flooding the neighborhood with an estimated 2. 3 million gallons (8. 7 million liters
which are made up of genetically identical trees connected by a single root system that are much older.
and subsisted on lean proteins (like fish venison and poultry) eggs fruits vegetables nuts and roots.
The tree lost a huge branch in 2006 which shattered a new walkway and fence below.
however as that was calculated using trunk volume and not branches. General Sherman is also tall standing 274.9 feet (83.8 meters) high
The branches here were spindly and were encrusted with many kinds of lichen. Other giant redwoods include Helios
Today most vodka is made from fermented grains such as sorghum corn rice rye or wheat though you can also use potatoes fruits or even just sugar.
#What's the Cultural Significance of Cherry Blossoms? In 1912 Japan gave more than 3000 cherry-blossom trees to the United states as a gift to honor the growing bond between the two countries.
Now the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington D c. commemorates this century-old offering of goodwill when the trees bloom each spring.
But what is the cultural significance of cherry blossoms to Japan? Similar to Washington D c. Japan has a yearly flower-viewing celebration called hanami where thousands of people hold feasts under blooming cherry-blossom trees or sakura.
This tradition is over a thousand years old. In Japan cherry blossoms also symbolize the transience of life which is a major theme in Buddhism.
The cherry-blossom tree is known for its short but brilliant blooming season a natural process that metaphorically describes human life.
Additionally cherry blossoms have held long significance to Japanese nationalism and militarism anthropologist Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney wrote in her book Kamikaze Cherry Blossoms and Nationalisms:
The Militarization of Aesthetics in Japanese History (University Of Chicago Press 2002. A fallen cherry blossom symbolizes a fallen samurai who sacrificed his life for the emperor.
During WORLD WAR II the flowers took on a similar meaning when they were painted on the side of kamikaze warplanes.
 So the scientists produced a synthetic floral odor from a blend of eight volatiles that closely matched those found in oilseed rape flowers.
Most grain contains inedible chaff (fed to animals) bran (the oil-rich outer layer) germ (the grain seed's nutrient-rich embryo) and the endosperm (the starchy center.
Refined white flour contains only endosperm. The FDA definition of whole grain allows for grain to be milled
I'd put oats rye and barley at the top of the list and corn at the bottom.
#Why a Cold Spring Delays Cherry Blossom Blooming It's been a dull spring for cherry blossom watchers so far.
Blossoms in Philadelphia did not open until early April. Usually the flowers appear anywhere from mid-to late March.
when they bloom and it's driven totally by warmth said Paul Meyer executive director of the Morris Arboretum at the University of Pennsylvania.
Also plants on the south side of a building tend to bloom earlier than those on the north side
Given the variability it's always a challenge in scheduling cherry blossom festivals Meyer said.
Stages of Cherry Blossom Blooming Longer blooms Flowers like all biological processes are driven by chemistry. One chemical rule of thumb true in most cases but not always is that for every 18 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius) increase in temperature the amount of chemical reaction taking place say in a plant
This increase in chemistry makes the flowers bloom. During the winter the closed cherry buds can tolerate below-freezing temperatures Meyer said.
So the lingering cold is a signal to the blossoms to stay closed for a while longer as the reactions that will make them bloom aren't yet humming along.
longer-lasting blooms. If exposed to high temperatures say in the 60s or 70s a flower will bloom quickly
and then disappear within four to five days. However a prolonged colder temperature will cause the flowers to slow their blooms making them last between seven and 10 days Meyer said.
Cherry plants are pretty short-lived for trees typically living around 40 or 50 years. Their longevity however depends on the species. There are some types in Japan that have been bred to last more than a century.
Accounts of that day which became known as New england's Dark Day include mentions of midday meals by candlelight night birds coming out to sing flowers folding their petals and strange behavior from animals.
and heat goes through the bark killing the living tissue. A couple of years later the bark falls off revealing the wood and an injury to the tree.
When looking at the rings you see charcoal formation on the outside and a resin formation on the top that creates a dark spot said Richard Guyette director of the Tree Ring Lab at the University of Missouri.
Climate change could dampen fall foliage by delaying the season bleaching out red tones and ushering in invasive species Neufeld told Livescience.
With 25 states across the country from the Midwest to New england to the Piedmont claiming significant autumn tourism seasons Neufeld estimates leaf peepers generate about $25 billion a year.
The Rich Colors of Fall Foliage And the shrinking of a seasonal tradition could stand as another climate warning a (dull-colored) canary in the coal mine Neufeld said.
and temperature when moving toward leaf senescence the process that produces fall color. Warmer fall days will make trees delay this process Neufeld said.
however a later fall start might not do much harm to the leaf-peeping season as global warming could also delay the frost
For one thing climate change will likely alter the suitable habitat for many of the trees that bring fall color particularly New england's prized sugar maples one of the most important contributors to fall foliage O'Keefe said.
or send it to the twigs Neufeld said. That means the trees won't use that sugar to make red pigments.
A warming planet could have a host of other effects on fall foliage too he said.
In the meantime leaf-peeping season looks strong for 2013. We're hearing that advance bookings are looking very positive Ouellette said.
Carving vegetables into scary faces then lighting them is an odd kind of custom that just must have interesting roots.
 This harm results not just from changing temperature but stem indirectly from climate impacts on elk small predators and even the forest the birds inhabit.
The Dutch Agricultural Development and Trading Company for example developed a technology that brings a mobile cassava processing plant to villages enabling farmers in Mozambique to process their roots into cassava cakes that can be stored for up to two years.
So sugar-cane plantation owners brought over a group of mongooses to control the rat population. But nobody knew that the mongoose generally hunts during the day
and xate (an ornamental palm frond) benefiting close to 5000 local people. The threat of deforestation looms Such communities in Guatemala deserve credit for pursuing sustainable forestry
when cleared for cattle oil palm soy or pulp production. And this pressure is only increasing with population growth and global demand for agricultural commodities.
and encourages more fungal growth such as mold and the release of spores. Â We will be paying a wretched price in the coming months for the behavior fueling the explosion of pollen
Health Benefits, Health Risks & Nutrition Facts Turns out that onions are nothing to cry over these flavorful bulbs are packed with nutrients.
and peel the outer layers leaving the root end intact Bulb onions are yellow red or white.
or white onions harvested before the bulb begins to form.##oespring onions#and#oesalad onions#are other aliases for immature onions.
The scientists also discovered that anthrax spores were found on grasses up to two years after the zebras had died.
and chew on the stems Turner said. After this research? I no longer chew on grass.
and promote the growth of cottonwood and willow tree seeds. The purpose of the pulse flow is to improve surface water
People with allergic rhinitis may be sensitive to specific types of pollen from trees grasses weeds and mold spores.
First agricultural waste like cornhusks and cottonseed hulls are ground up and mixed with mycelium the root systems of mushrooms.
The mixture is poured then into a mold and left to sit in the dark for a few days.
The mycelium spreads throughout the mixture binding it together in a strong web just like it would in soil.
Bayer and Mcintyre soon co-founded Ecovative Design and focused on creating mycelium-based wall insulation
The team found several genes associated with how long the seeds stay dormant resistance to pests and longer shelf life.
The trunks help the koala bears keep cool according to a new study. It can be a really useful way of getting rid of heat on a hot day said study co-author Michael Kearney an ecologist at the University of Melbourne in Australia.
and sleep nobody wondered why they hugged the trunks. People just thought they were taking a break on a more stable spot after eating leaves in the branches Kearney said.
Marsupial Gallery: A Pouchful of Cute As such the discovery came as a surprise. Kearney and his student doctoral candidate Natalie Briscoe were trying to predict how the woodland creatures on French Island near Melbourne would regulate their body temperatures as the continent heats up due to climate change.
which measures temperature based on thermal radiation at the tree trunks the koalas were hugging. The trunks were considerably cooler than the ambient air temperature sometimes by as
much as 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) Kearney said. She also noticed the koalas clinging to acacia trees
and started to really hug onto the tree trunks Kearney told Live Science. That seemed strange to us until we figured out that the trees are a bit cooler.
It's not clear exactly why their preferred tree trunks are cool but one possibility is that they pull in a lot of groundwater which stays closer to the annual average air temperature rather than the current air temperature he said.
The center mouth opens into the stalk and is probably for both eating food and excreting waste Just said.
Of the two new species one has a shorter stalk and smaller disc compared with the other though the difference is only a few millimeters.
One Ediacaran form had an identical three-lobed disc with a stalk with exactly the same gut branches as Dendrogramma Just said.
Just said he hopes more tiny Jell-o-like creatureswill someday surface in another deep-sea expedition so modern genetic studies can reveal their evolutionary branch.
and paper while the seeds were used for protein-rich food and feed. Interest in hemp declined
and biodiesel can be produced from the oil pressed from hemp seeds. Biodiesel production from hemp seed oil has been shown to overall have a much lower environmental impact than fossil diesel.
Indeed the environmental benefits of hemp have been praised highly since hemp cultivation requires very limited amounts of pesticide.
I'm probably one of the few people that really roots for an extremely cold day because
The emerald ash borer which burrows beneath the bark of ash trees to feed on the water
It will stay under the bark so it's protected there. It will actually purge all the stomach contents of its gut
Although most of us may not be able to name them we recognize their deep-green branches as they are commonly found in parks nature preserves and other protected natural areas.
Platypuses also live under rock ledges roots or debris. Though they exist on only one side of one continent platypuses weather many climate extremes.
The researchers also used commercially available fungus spores grown on wheat or sorghum which they spread on the diaper mixture.
The grubs are harvested from underground where they feed upon the roots of Australian trees such as eucalyptus and black wattle trees.</
Dazzling Photos of Dew-Covered Insects</a p><p>A delicacy among many African tribes the palm weevil(<em>Rhychophorus phoenicis</em>)is collected off the trunks of palm trees.
But late in 2013 severe rains in central Mexico knocked the blossoms off many lime trees greatly limiting this spring's crop.
In the winter months they eat twigs bark and buds. While originally from Europe and Africa rabbits now call many places home.
But tule fog is also crucial to the Central Valley's fruit and nut crop
Any food labeled gluten-free cannot contain wheat rye barley or any of their crossbreeds unless the grains are stripped first of gluten.
Gluten is made of natural proteins found in wheat rye and barley. Until now there was no gold standard for
As a result nymphs congregate in leaf piles in shady humid environments so sticking to sunny areas can reduce tick exposure he said. 4. Change the landscape Most ticks around homes stay within a few yards of the interface between the yard
People should also remove tick habitat such as leaf piles shrubs and groundcover near the house.
I often collect animals by pinning them to a tree trunk with two fingers and then using my thumb underneath their bodies to pull them off of the tree.
The worst that they do is sometimes eat people's coconuts or sugar cane. See more images of aye-ayes Aye-ayes are extraordinary examples of evolution at its weirdest
They chisel a hole into the bark to reach inside with their thin flexible middle finger and extract beetle larvae.
The only bad luck they bring is to grubs hiding beneath the bark of a tree.
It has compound leaves meaning a single leaf stalk contains a number of smaller leaflets. The honey locust leaflets are quite small about 0. 3 to 1. 5 inches long and 0. 2 to 0. 5 inches wide.
The tree can have 15 to 30 of these leaflets per stalk according to Utah State university.
In the fall these leaves turn from green to golden yellow. When this tree is covered in these tiny yellow leaves you can guess how it got its common name.
Fall Foliage: Why Leaves Change Color Baldcypress In the summer the baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) looks like an evergreen tree#that is it has green needlelike leaves
because their lifespan can be hundreds of times longer than the average leaf-eater which is usually a small insect.
borer larvae living under the bark of ash trees the USDA wrote today in a Facebook post.
However temperatures under the tree bark could be two to seven degrees warmer than the air University of Minnesota ecologist Lee Frelich told Minnesota Public Radio.
Despite the insulating effects of bark There is a large area in northern MN that has a lot of ash trees that experiences temperatures cold enough to greatly limit the survival
The mossy plants that depended on spores for reproduction were being replaced by the first seed-bearing plants the gymnosperms.
Gymnosperms have exposed seeds that develop on the scales of cones and are fertilized when pollen sifts down
and lands directly on the seed. Today s conifers are gymnosperms as are the short palm like cycads and the gingko.
In addition to providing a food source greenery offers the added benefits of converting carbon dioxide exhaled by settlers into oxygen essential for maintaining a long-term bio-regenerative life support system.
Scientists have synthesized successfully meat using a 3d printer to align stem cells from animals in laboratory Petri dishes creating both hamburger
A patient's own stem cells could be used to make the mini heart decreasing the chances of tissue rejection researchers say.</
because it makes up part of the backbone of DNA you can t make DNA without phosphorus. We get our phosphorus by eating plants that have drawn up phosphorus through their roots or by eating animals that ate the plants (or from expensive tablets).
But our nation must also tackle this crisis at its root: We must reduce the pollution that causes climate change.
When this seeded fruit matures the small white seed coats inside contain 33 chromosomes rendering it sterile and incapable of producing seeds. i
In high-school I identified poor nutrition as a problem this was my trunk. My overweight grandmother used to babysit me and
The symptoms or branches of my tree included the issues that my grandmother suffered with
and limited accessibility to information was at the root of the problem. My plan was to make dietary changes for myself and then help others so
To really address an issue you have to get to the root of it figure out what causes it
With one clean stroke he sliced a fuzzy fern off the bark of a nearby palm tree carried it back to the hut
See Photos of the Stunning Cave Art from Indonesia Sulawesi caves The paintings were found in the karst caves of Sulawesi an island just east of Borneo with four long peninsulas that radiate like flower petals.
and the identification of fossilized leaf fragments we know that their habitat at the Tar pits was at a much lower elevation during the Ice age said Anna Holden an entomologist at the Natural history Museum of Los angeles County (NHM)
To reproduce females build small cylindrical nest cells made of carefully chosen leaves and sometimes flower petals.
The bees build these multilayered nest cells in secure locations near the ground such as under the bark of dead trees in stems
which is glued together with saliva and leaf sap; at the other end of the cell is made a cap of layered circular discs.
and their vegetative components such as the lack of flower petals and the type of leaves included further constrained the species list.
Leaf matter used to construct the nest cells likely came from trees not far from the nest site suggesting the La Brea Tar pits had a nearby forest possibly containing streams or a river.
#Kansas Grass Fires Seen from Space A new satellite image shows grass fires scattered like seeds across the Kansas prairie.
The roots of these plants form tangles deep in the prairie sod enabling early settlers to cut bricks from the soil.
whose fruitlets fuse together around a central core. Each pineapple scale is an individual fruitlet.
Pineapples nutritional benefits are as fascinating as their anatomy The fruit s wide-ranging benefits include immune system support protein digestion and bone strength.
Potato stems branches leaves and fruits are toxic containing alkaloids such as arsenic chaconine and solanine.
potatoes are swollen actually the part of the stem of the perennial Solanum tuberosum. This part of the plant is called a tuber
which functions to provide food to the leafy part of the plant. The eyes of potatoes are buds
although today most vodka is produced using fermented grains such as corn wheat or rye. According to Guinness World records the largest potato grown was 7 lbs. 1 ounce (3. 2 kg.
They decompose dead organic matter through a process called mineralisation releasing mineral nutrients that plants absorb through their roots allowing the forest to grow.
Coniferous trees in the Genus agathis which are sought after for their soft wood have thick trunks and can grow up to 200 feet (60 meters) tall.
But the discovery of fossilized Agathis leaves branches and cones in the rich deposits at Argentina's Laguna del Hunco suggests the tree covered much more ground in prehistoric times.
which can inflict painful stings around the eyes and trunks of elephants. A powerful swarm of bees could even kill a thin-skinned calf.
The idea is to reduce the intensity of subsequent fires at the same place by removing fine surface fuels such as leaf litter.
For example with extreme heat and winds eucalypt crowns can catch on fire regardless of the amount of leaf litter and surface fuel.
It must be acknowledged that such targeted burning is expensive to carry out safely given the need for engagement with numerous stakeholders (private land owners councils various branches of government.
New research finds that yikes crocodiles can climb trees even reaching the uppermost branches. Four species found on three continents showed this behavior
In Australia they observed freshwater crocodiles basking on low-hanging branches day and night. When approached by boats the crocs splashed into the water below to escape.
In The americas Dinets observed crocs as long as 3 feet (1 m) sunning themselves on mangrove roots and branches.
To get there it would have had to scale a 13-foot-tall (4 m) vertical bank and then crawl 13 feet (4 m) out on a sloping branch.
The largest tree-climber observed was a Nile crocodile 6. 5 feet (2 m) seen basking a foot and a half (0. 5 m) above water on a fallen branch in Botswana.
The unusual wetness in a typically arid region would have lead to carpets of greenery perfect food for the half dozen
and like to hide under rotting bark logs and rocks during the day. They enjoy man-made habitats too such as woodlots abandoned buildings and barns.
One of these considers the junction where the branch of a tree meets the trunk.
Enjoying a wide variety of vegetables fruits nuts seeds wholegrain cereals legumes low-fat dairy lean meat
and collectively form a complex matrix called a mycelium that when big enough can be seen with an unaided eye.
The extent of spread of the mycelium is not always visible however and herein lies the problem.
Conversely a cheddar or a salami or carrot that have dense structure are less likely to have extensive hyphal growth away from the visible mycelium.
In these cases the mycelium can be cut away (to a centimetre or two depth) and the remaining food consumed with little risk.
and colors from the age of two has pulled us away from our roots in creative play and the outdoors.
We took turns squishing the mud spreading it on the bark of a nearby tree
and sits down to get dirty idle in leaf piles and generally lead the way a little more often.
The healing curls of wood leave a unique pattern of growth rays as they stretch around the trunk.
However its microscopic tree cells called tracheids internal highways that transfer water and nutrients show signs of fire stress in a manner similar to tree rings.
Six to eight rows of tiny tracheids suggest suppressed growth immediately after the fire the researchers report.
The next rows are bigger than prefire tracheids likely because the forest fire's survivors had less competition for water
That's a classic fire adaptation (so ground fires can't climb up lower branches) Byers points out.
Eventually the acid and bacteria in plaque can eat through the other layers of your teeth as well from the softer layer of teeth under the enamel known as dentin to the third layer (the pulp)
Cavities affecting the pulp of a tooth as well as the bone supporting the tooth can cause severe toothaches sensitivity pain when eating and abscesses in the mouth.
People in the middle East began experimenting with edible plants selecting seeds from the best plants and planting them in protected areas.
Wheat rye and barley and occasionally imported grape wine from southern Europe formed a base for the drink.
Dogfish Head's grog is called Kvasir a name that hints at its roots. In Nordic legend Kvasir was created a wise man by gods spitting into a jar.
It will also allow consumers to make informed decisions on the products they buy as the map can show where a pulp
Gluten is a protein found in many grains including wheat barley and rye. People who don't fall into either of these groups would probably not be advised to cut gluten out of their diet in pregnancy
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