and a little-known fungus is hurting Highbush cranberries. Both research articles were subject to the same peer review process
We collect Highbush cranberries to make jelly. In 2012 Daust noticed a weird disease on the plants.
The fungus was known to infect Highbush cranberry but nobody knew what effect it had on the plant.
the fungus may attack Highbush cranberry the most after wet spring weather. Wet springs are predicted to become more common in Daust's region of B c
#Nutritional information on oilseed crop for use in pig dietslong considered a weed in North america Camelina sativa is valued increasingly as an oilseed crop.
Seeds from soya peas lupins and other legumes are protein-rich feedstuffs which are given to normal livestock during periods of rapid growth or high egg and milk production.
We use only about a fifth of that in our row-crop agriculture--cotton corn soybean wheat etc.
In addition results from these long-term studies show that early shrub removal and tree density control are the most effective and efficient ways to reduce fuel buildup.
Under Mediterranean climatic conditions shrubs reduce overstory tree growth and keep tree crowns in contact with the shrub canopy.
or without understory vegetation by controlling competing vegetation carbon is reallocated into the trees instead of shrubs;
More than two thirds of the world's plants depend on this soil-dwelling symbiotic fungus to survive including critical agricultural crops such as wheat cassava and rice.
and woody plant providing new insights into the comprehensive understanding of plants'salt tolerance and drought resistance.
Sandhage and graduate student Brandon Goodwin began by examining the microscopic shapes of several types of pollen--including ragweed pecan
Then we tested the efficacy of the modified unroller with several types of organic mulches for between-row weed control in organic watermelon.
Mulching between rows can be an effective practice for controlling weeds; our modification makes mulching with round bales of hay
The results showed a significant mulch-type by year interaction for weed control the authors said.
One-year-old hay had less impact on weed control in 2010 compared with 2009 whereas other mulches had improved weed control in 2010.
One-year-old wheat straw and new hay had the lowest levels of weed biomass compared with new wheat straw and the no-mulch control.
The experiments also proved that the thickness of the mulch affected weed control with mulches applied in two layers resulting in significantly less weed biomass than those applied in one layer.
These results suggest that hay and wheat straw mulches can be weed an effective control practice
Our results also indicated that adequate weed control could be achieved with a single layer of mulch reducing costs for mulching with round bales.
and the College of Agriculture and Life sciences of Texas A&m University recently announced the release of'Carotex-312'a new high-yielding orange-fruited Habanero type F1 hybrid pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.).
and heath and some in swamps but L. monticola is restricted essentially to alpine vegetation. All known populations of this new species occur above 700 m altitude.
In the northern regions of the boreal the surrounding hillsides have thin infertile soils and lack shrubs or herbs that can fix nitrogen.
which fix a modest amount of nitrogen that mostly stays on site in soils trees and shrubs.
and baking affect the increasingly popular fruit's polyphenols and reported their mixed findings--levels of some of these substances rose
and later--giving an advantage to shrubs and invasive trees that don't depend on the cold.
and shrub species. Their work delivered a surprising result as lead author Julia Laube explains:
A different behavior is observed among pioneer species--including shrubs such as hazel bushes and primary settlers such as birch trees--and among species like locust and walnut that have moved in from warmer climate zones.
Advantage for shrubs and new tree speciesthere may be consequences for the forest ecosystem. After mild winters the native species run a higher risk of developing their leaves too late.
and that benefits lower-growing shrubs and invasive tree species. They sprout earlier to the detriment of native species:
Shortened winter in the climate chamberfor their experiments the researchers used twigs around 30 centimeters long from 36 different trees and shrubs
In contrast the lilac the hazel bush and the birch proved to be less dependent on the cold.
and soybeans has resulted in severe milkweed declines and thus loss of breeding habitat. The authors suggest that the universal popularity of monarchs could encourage a market for monarch-friendly plants.
Ordinary households conservation organizations and natural resource agencies can all plant milkweed and flowering plants to offset ongoing losses in the species'breeding habitat.
and potentially the species'abundance is something that people can do at home by planting milkweed and other nectar plants.
This study shows that not only might consumers pay more for monarch-friendly milkweeds grown without systemic insecticides in the potting soil
or milkweeds if they knew a small percentage of sales will be donated to habitat conservation said Diffendorfer.
The greatest challenge was to transform the weed into a useful crop and to cultivate suitable varieties.
and belongs to the order of Ericales where blueberries tea bushes and Brazil nuts are classified also.
They then compared kiwifruit to the genomes of other representative plant species including tomato rice grape and the mustard weed Arabidopsis.
although S. trilobata is considered an invasive'nuisance weed'in one context it may be of value to crop growers
#New native shrubs show promise for landscape, nursery industriesas consumer interest in native plants increases nursery growers are challenged to expand their product range by adding new native species to their collections.
In the August 2013 issue of Hortscience researchers Julia Cartabiano and Jessica Lubell from the Department of Plant science and Landscape architecture at the University of Connecticut report on their study of four native shrubs that are relatively unknown
Ceanothus americanus Corylus cornuta Lonicera canadensis and Viburnum acerifolium. They said that these shrubs have the potential to become revenue generators for the nursery industry
if successful propagation protocols are developed. Cartabiano and Lubell evaluated the impact of cutting timing on propagation success of the four native shrubs.
They found that timing had no significant effect on rooting percentage root count or root length of Corylus cornuta or Viburnum acerifolium.
However we found it to be the easiest shrub to propagate of the four natives evaluated
A variety of dependable cover crops are used to subdue weeds build productive soil control pests and diseases and enhance overall sustainability of organic systems.
The thick mulch hinders the development of weeds during the critical growing period contributes to reduced soil erosion
However our research shows that the fungal pathogen that causes barley leaf blotch can be found on wild ryegrasses which are common both as weeds within cereal crop fields and in the surrounding field margins.
Lavender is from the Mediterranean and dahlias are from Mexico.##oehelping bees in your garden is a no-brainer.
and sea buckthorn according to a new study published today in the Canadian Journal of Plant science.
The parasites'natural hosts are African thicket rats that use shrubs and trees as habitat.
Numerous studies have found this molecule to be required for lateral root development in plants such as tomatoes rice corn lupine and Arabidopsis.
#Salt-tolerant bacteria improve crop yieldsuzbek microbiologist Dilfuza Egamberdieva hopes to apply her new agricultural technique soon in Uzbekistan to boost the yield of economically important crops such as wheat cotton tomato and cucumber.
We believe that the mechanism making these nanotubes more compliant is a tiny kinkiness in their structure said Suresh Sitaraman a professor in the Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering at the Georgia Institute of technology.
silvopastoral systems which include shrubs and trees with edible leaves or fruits as well as herbage. Professor Donald Broom from the University of Cambridge who led the research said:
Consumers are now demanding more sustainable and ethically sourced food including production without negative impacts on animal welfare the environment and the livelihood of poor producers.
and shrubs as well as the increased use of herbicides all of which result in a dramatic decrease in biodiversity.
and encourages biodiversity using native shrubs and trees. Additionally shrubs and trees with edible leaves and shoots along with pasture plants produce more food for animals per unit area of land than pasture plants alone.
Trees and shrubs have added the benefit of providing shade from hot sun and shelter from rain.
It also reduces stress by enabling the animals to hide from perceived danger. The planting as forage plants of both shrubs
and trees whose leaves and small branches can be consumed by farmed animals can transform the prospects of obtaining sustainable animal production said Professor Broom.
Such planting of'fodder trees'has already been successful in several countries including the plant Chamaecytisus palmensis
which is used now widely for cattle feed in Australia. Another success has been in Colombia where a mixed planting of the shrub Leucaena with a common pasture grass resulted in a 27%increase in dry matter for food and 64%increase of protein production.
When ruminants such as cows goats and sheep are consuming the plants from a silvopastoral system researchers have seen an increase in growth and milk production.
Professor Broom added: It is clear that silvopastoral systems increase biodiversity improve animal welfare and provide good working conditions
when a genetically modified trait passes from a crop plant to a closely related weed the weed gains the crop s engineered benefit#resistance to pests for example#only in the presence of the offending insects.
This new study is a surprising example of gene flow from crops to weeds that makes weeds more vigorous even without an environmental trigger researchers say.
and then if it happened to cross with a related weed whether it might make the weed more prolific as well#said Allison Snow professor of evolution ecology
and organismal biology at The Ohio State university and a lead author of the paper.##oeit s unusual for any transgene to have such a positive effect on a wild relative
By crossing genetically altered herbicide-resistant rice with weedy rice to mimic what happens naturally in the field the researchers created crop-weed hybrids that grew larger and produced more offspring than unaltered counterparts#even without any herbicide present.
She has found that genes from crop plants can persist in related weeds over many generations.
In 2002 she led a study that was the first to show that a gene artificially inserted into crop plants to fend off pests could migrate to weeds in a natural environment
and make the weeds stronger. She also has served on national panels that monitor and make recommendations about the release of genetically engineered species into the environment.
She is interested in identifying new possible outcomes of the growth of crop-weed hybrids that contain genetic modifications
#oeit s not always the end of the world if a weed starts to become a lot more common after acquiring a new trait#there may be effective ways to manage that weed#Snow said.#
In contrast the number of community-acquired MRSA rose from 596 in 2011 to 726 in 2012.
Community-acquired MRSA was identified in 726 people compared to 596 in 2011 (an increase of 22%)and cases of pig-type MRSA (CC398) rose by 41%from 164 in 2011 to 232 in 2012.
#Plant community plays key role in controlling greenhouse gas emissions from carbon rich moorlandsdifferent moorland plants particularly heather
when heather was present warming increased the amount of CO2 taken up from the atmosphere making the ecosystem a greater sink for this greenhouse gas.
Daffodil Lilac Magnolia Rose Sunflowerbe Quick to Clean--Mold and pollen can collect on fallen leaves.
But cranberry-growing operations are challenged by weeds which compete for precious resources and often decrease fruit yields and revenues.
Producers currently rely on weed management strategies such as flooding and sanding cranberry beds hand-weeding or applications of pre-and postemergence herbicides.
Recent interest in reducing chemical inputs into cranberry growing systems has led researchers to evaluate alternative methods such as flame cultivation as a potential nonchemical weed control option.
University of Massachusetts scientists Katherine Ghantous Hilary Sandler Wesley Autio and Peter Jeranyama designed a study using flame cultivation techniques for weed control in cranberry crops.
The results published in the July 2013 issue of Hortscience showed promise for integrating the weed control technique into certain situations including organic farming.
The team tested three types of handheld propane torches (one open flame and two styles of infrared torches) and varying exposure times on several species of perennial weeds.
and cost of using an open flame torch for spot control of weeds was similar to that of the common practice of using a wick applicator to apply glyphosate to weeds the researchers noted.
In addition to being as cost-effective as glyphosate wipes the nonfatal response to flame control indicates that it will cause less damage to cranberry plants that are exposed incidentally during spot treatment of weeds than glyphosate.
The experiments determined that flame cultivation could be integrated as a sustainable and economical approach for weed control in some situations.
and would ideally be used as a spot treatment for weeds growing in the cranbstory Source:
We designed a project to quantify the growth of Hibiscus acetosella'Panama Red'in response to various soil water content thresholds explained Bayer.
and chickens along with improved cassava varieties that resist a deadly virus. They also are growing high-value crops like tomatoes onions and watermelons.
because it dyes well feels silkier than cotton and is less expensive than silk. Producers of bamboo textiles maintain their products are processed antimicrobial without chemicals non-pollutant biodegradable and recyclable.
We proved that in a period of three years oaks pines mesquites and acacias between two and three meters high can be obtained
For this reason a very important part of the research consisted in selecting the best strains specific for oaks pines mesquites acacias and fruit trees.
#New weapons on the way to battle wicked weedsa somber picture of the struggle against super-weeds emerged today as scientists described the relentless spread of herbicide-resistant menaces like pigweed
and horseweed that shrug off powerful herbicides and have forced farmers in some areas to return to the hand-held hoes that were a mainstay of weed control a century ago.
The reports on herbicide resistance and its challenges and how modern agriculture is coping were part of a symposium on the topic at the 246th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society.
Costs of weed control have doubled or more in some areas and crop yields have suffered according to experts.
The problems associated with herbicide-resistant weeds are spreading and intensifying especially weed species resistant to multiple products including the mainstay of 21st century agriculture the herbicide glyphosate said Bryan Young Ph d. who spoke at the symposium.
More than 200 individual weed species have been confirmed resistant to at least a single herbicide with infestations covering millions of acres in the United states and 60 other countries.
It is spreading beyond soybeans and cotton. Weed management in corn has become more and more difficult in recent years due to herbicide-resistant weeds.
Farmers he pointed out are not battling the mild-mannered dandelion or snow thistle that home gardeners visualize at the mention of weed.
Rather the battle involves nightmares like Palmer amaranth pigweed which has been termed the master blueprint for the perfect weed.
Under good conditions Palmer amaranth grows an inch or more a day to heights approaching 10 feet with a stem tough enough to damage farm equipment.
Young said that growers are responding to such challenges by integrating alternative herbicides into their weed control programs herbicides that work a different way
They also are turning to herbicides that have residual activity in the soil preventing weed seeds from growing into a new generation of weeds.
When those measures fail farmers are turning to cover crops to block weed growth and tilling the soil to kill emerged weeds
or bury viable seeds deep below the soil surface. Herbicides however remain the most effective tools for managing weeds in terms of overall control and for cost efficiency Young emphasized.
They have other benefits such as reducing the need for plowing and other soil tillage --which is costly in terms of energy use
They include new herbicide formulations that work in ways that sidestep the resistance mechanisms in today's weeds.
or herbicide-resistant crop traits don't create herbicide-resistant weeds Young said. Rather the use and management of these technologies to gain control of weeds by practitioners determines the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds evolving.
We need to be better stewards of herbicides to reduce the impact of herbicide-resistant weed species. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
and other worms of this type acquire resistance to a wide range of anthelmintics#the drugs used to treat worm infections#says Dr James Cotton senior author from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.#
and large bushes indigenous to Greenland--and they only grow in small areas in the south.
and European trees and bushes will be able to grow in Greenland in the future. In fact the analysis points to the fact that a considerable number of species would already be able to grow in Greenland today.
The new opportunities for trees and bushes may oust Arctic animals and plants but could also be beneficial to the Greenlanders.
when trees and bushes naturally spread so slowly. People often plant utility and ornamental plants where they can grow.
It is one of the most essential and widely collected woody plant traits. Yet the traditional method to measure tree growth is awkward and time consuming.
During drought periods they fed on a restricted mixture of plants including more than 30%of shrubs and trees.
Surprisingly gemsbok diet also consisted of up to 25%of Damara milk-bush (Euphorbia damarana) an endemic large succulent plant
When food was plentiful gemsbok specialised exclusively on grasses and more ephemeral succulent species. In contrast springboks fed on a higher proportion of shrubs and trees than grasses and succulent plants irrespective of environmental conditions.
As the researchers expected springbok opportunistically adjusted their diet in response to variation in food sources availabilities preferring e g. grass sprouts during the wet season and browsing predominantly on leaves of bushes when grass quality decreased during drought.
The potential effects of the Damara milk-bush on gemsbok health are still unknown. However by extensively using this poisonous plant gemsbok succeed in surviving environmental challenges.
and winter says study lead scientist Heather Graven of SIO. It's not yet understood she says why the increase in seasonal amplitude of carbon dioxide concentration is so large
#Weeds threaten carbon offset programsresearchers have identified gamba grass and other invasive weeds as a potential threat to landholder involvement in environmental offset programs such as the Carbon Farming Initiative.
Strategic savanna burning is one way to reduce Australia's carbon emissions and create new markets in northern Australia
but the increased fuel load and emissions from weed infestations could make it unfeasible. Dr Vanessa Adams says that late dry season wildfires in Australia's tropical north generate about 3%of the country's annual greenhouse gas emissions so strategic burning could be an important abatement activity.
But when native savannas are invaded by weeds such as gamba grass fuel loads are increased dramatically and fires can burn up to five times hotter than a native wildfire Dr Adams said.
--and the costs of managing gamba grass--$40 per hectare--meaning that much more savanna needs to be enrolled for carbon farming to cover the costs of weed eradication.
and that we strategically manage weeds so that they don't become an intractable problem in the future. Story Source:
now that shrubs are starting to recover following the re-introduction of wolves which have reduced over-browsing by elk herds.
The berry bushes also produce flowers of value to pollinators like butterflies insects and hummingbirds; food for other small and large mammals;
and willow trees--a favorite food--along with many berry-producing shrubs and tall herbaceous plants. The recovery of those trees and other food sources since the re-introduction of wolves in the 1990s has had a profound impact on the Yellowstone ecosystem researchers say
and shrub recovery and restore ecosystem health. As wolves help reduce elk numbers in Yellowstone
and shrub recovery researchers said this improves the diet and health of grizzly bears. In turn a healthy grizzly bear population provides a second avenue of control on wild ungulates especially on newborns in the spring time.
Yellowstone has a wide variety of nutritious berries--serviceberry chokecherry buffaloberry twinberry huckleberry and others--that are highly palatable to bears.
These shrubs are eaten also by elk and thus likely declined as elk populations grew over time.
And in the absence of wolves black bears went extinct on Anticosti Island in Canada after over-browsing of berry shrubs by introduced while-tailed deer.
Livestock grazing in grizzly bear habitat adjacent to the national park and bison herbivory in the park likely also contribute to high foraging pressure on shrubs
In older trees the mechanisms driving gravity sensitive growth in woody tissues are different to those in non-woody plants.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the study co-authored by ecologist Heather Briggs of the University of California-Santa cruz. About 90 percent of plants need animals mostly insects to transfer pollen between them
and twice became a weed--and what it means for the futurethe evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould once asked
Whether the familiar indica and japonica subspecies of Asian rice also represent independent domestications is controversial.
Most of the rice grown in the U s. is japonica rice Olsen says which is genetically pretty different from indica rice the rice grown in a lot of the tropics.
Because the weedy forms are closely related to rice varieties that were grown never in the U s. they probably arrived as contaminants in grain stocks from Asia instead of evolving directly from the tropical japonica crops grown here.
For example the weeds carry the crop form of the loss-of-shattering gene which means that they branched off from the crops sometime after people selected for loss of shattering.
Weeds stealing crop genesthe most important part of this story Olsen says is that the genetic histories of the crops
and the weeds are intertwined closely. This means the weedy forms can draw on both ancestral genes
and pull weeds growing there But on industrialized farms rice is sprouted directly in the field so there's no opportunity to remove weeds.
Because the seedlings of both weedy and cultivated rice look alike farmers often don't realize they have a problem until the field is infested really.
But that places huge pressure on the weeds to acquire herbicide resistance by hook or by crook.
So it would be pretty easy for random mutations to confer resistance on the weeds.
The other possibility is that resistance genes will migrate from the crop to the weeds.
But the crop and the weeds--which are after all the same species--could easily hybridize
It's going to change the overall composition of the weeds in U s. rice fields and presumably elsewhere in the world as well.
whether animals ate diets based on tree and shrub leaves and fruits or upon grasses and grazing animals.
which prey on herbivorous insects but also caterpillars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm moth Spodoptera littoralis a species that feeds on maize leaves.
or shrub lands a report suggests. Researchers from Oregon State university concluded that moisture stress is a key limitation for conifer regeneration following stand-replacing wildfire
The despised weed makes herbicide to kill neighboring plantscontrary to popular belief crabgrass does not thrive in lawns gardens and farm fields by simply crowding out other plants.
A new study in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry has found that the much-despised weed actually produces its own herbicides that kill nearby plants.
but had a hard time proving that the weed thrived by allelopathy. From the Greek allelo-meaning other
and weed science at Virginia Tech said that William Hamilton a pioneer botanist who corresponded with William Bartram
Ailanthus which is also calledchinese sumac or stinking sumac grows in 60 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties according to the researchers--nine more counties than reported in previous studies.
The research also suggests that the incidence of ailanthus in Pennsylvania's northern-tier counties where the tree has been historically absent will likely increase like previous ailanthus expansions in southern parts of the state.
The new species was collected in a wide river valley near mountain mixed forests dominated by various conifer trees bushes and rhododendron.
and a faster harvest time than other woody plant species that they evaluated said U of I associate professor of crop sciences Gary Kling.
It's typically been tough to break down the biomass in woody plants to make it useful for alcohol production.
It forces the plants to essentially grow up as shrubs with more frequent harvests. By planting much closer together and causing them to branch like that you are able to fill up available space intercept light more quickly
and put out new shoots in May. By the end of last season the plants were nearly equivalent to the first two years'growth he said.
This rapid growth is distinguished what the black locust from other woody plants in the study. We are now looking at harvesting every 2 years rather than every 3 to 5 years as we first assumed Kling explained.
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