Synopsis: 9. security & defence: Security: Security:


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 They re very sensitive and they re under risk. The bill s critics argued that it could


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Flooding is the United kingdom's biggest climate threatsevere flooding that could affect millions of people is the United kingdom's most pressing climate-change risk,

 The first Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA), published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra), examines 100 potential consequences of climate change for the United kingdom. The study

said in a statement that the study demonstrates the need for urgent action to reduce risks.

But the most pressing risks laid out by the study concern water, with droughts and shortages in the summer and winter flooding all expected to affect the country more.

says that part of the challenge in prioritizing risks was to quantify or assign a number value to the consequences of different future scenarios,


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whether the public-health benefits of the work outweigh the risks of a potential pandemic if the virus escaped from the lab. For the scientists who have created the mutated strains of the H5n1 virus,

That tips the balance of risk-benefit assessment in favour of a cautious approach, says Michael Osterholm,

in order to limit the risk that uncontrolled proliferation of such research might lead to accidental or intentional release of similar mutant viruses.

Molecular technologies need to be made more easily available and affordable to countries at risk, and genetic surveillance more comprehensive and timely.


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Anastas, a pioneer of green chemistry, spent much of his time reforming the agency's programme for assessing the risks of individual chemicals,


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and this is a major risk to animal and human health


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Canadian oil sands: defusing the carbon bombenvironmentalists and many politicians have called the oil sands a planetary-scale threat as they fight to prevent further development of the resource.


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Her research requires the highest level of biological security containment BSL-4 but no BSL-4 labs in the United states can accommodate horses,

The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has broken ground for a facility that would have allowed researchers such as Bossart to work closer to home.

Last week, the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) convened a closed meeting to review a revised risk assessment from the DHS,

Beef producers have been alarmed particularly that the 2010 assessment put the cumulative risk of foot-and-mouth disease escaping from the NBAF over the facility s projected 50-year lifespan at 70%(see Fear factor.

but given the importance of the NBAF to national security and to protecting our agricultural economy,

"We are working with Homeland Security and the US Department of agriculture on Plum Island to develop the workforce that will ultimately work at the NBAF,

What happens next will depend, in part, on the NAS s judgement of the facility s risks and benefits.

A second is the risk of animal-borne diseases spreading to humans as population growth and dispersal puts people into greater contact with wild animals.


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three-quarters of Africa s population and two-thirds of the landscape are at risk, says Andy White,

Africa is most at risk because governments fail to acknowledge pre-colonial private ownership of land by villages and communities.


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understanding risk factors that enable them to spread and keeping animal vaccines and diagnostics up to date.

Yet pigs are a serious pandemic risk: they can be infected co with both human and avian flu strains,

The pandemic risk posed by pigs has risen also since 2009. The 2009 pandemic H1n1 virus,

focusing on the countries and regions most at risk, that would collect isolates and sequence them in real time.


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The plan would mean fewer blooms of blue-green algae and less risk of acidification of the Lower Lakes.


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However, my impression is that we are a very long way from instilling proper science into this area such that patients are not at risk of either direct harm


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and so is in imminent danger, he adds. Laurance does commend the Indonesian government for protecting 11.5 million hectares of forests growing on carbon-rich peatland.


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By contrast, the US Renewable Fuel Standard, part of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, mandates the United states to produce increasing volumes of cellulosic biofuels each year, until it reaches a target of 60.5


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a dozen social and environmental groups warned that Brazil is in danger of being"both host and villain at Rio+20


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Risk assessment of US agro-biosafety lab found wantingan independent panel reviewing the dangers associated with establishing a high-security laboratory for studying animal diseases in the heart of US cattle country has found that the government

has underestimated the risk that livestock will be exposed to microbes escaping from the facility. The largely critical review suggests that the proposed National Bio-and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF),

The following year, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which is overseeing the project with the Department of agriculture,

issued a risk assessment that drew criticism after it projected a 70%chance of escape for foot

and tied the NBAF s funding to a revised risk assessment which the DHS made public in February.

The updated assessment drastically downgraded the risk of foot and mouth disease escaping, to 0. 11%over 50 years.

a panel convened by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) concludes that the risk estimates are based on"questionable and inappropriate assumptions says Greg Baecher, an engineer from the University of Maryland in College Park and chairman

It also takes into account environmental factors such as damage caused by tornadoes a real possibility in Kansas and one that the first risk assessment overlooked.

and on the statistical uncertainties associated with the risk calculations, the NAS reviewers found. In particular, they say,

and calls the"DHS out on its underestimates of risks. Although the concern has focused on foot

Manney sees zoonotic diseases those that can spread to humans as posing an even greater source of risk and uncertainty.

From the review panel s perspective,"a valid scientific and technical risk analysis is quite possible for this facility.

and processes of operating the NBAF as part of the iterative risk process, DHS spokeswoman Nicole Stickel says.

and understand the risks involved and the kinds of mitigation strategies like vaccines that are said available

and absent that capability we face other sorts of risks, says Baecher.""So, the question of the safety of the NBAF is a question of balancing different kinds of risks


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China's emissions estimates don't add upthis week in Nature Climate Change, Guan, an expert in sustainability science at the University of Leeds, UK,


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Resistance is always a danger when drugs are taken as a prophylaxis, which is why THE WHO requires that people on SP-AQ take different medications


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but without tortoises  once the island s dominant herbivore  there is a danger that some plant species could be choked out and lost.


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and environmental security through enhancing the pipeline of a well-educated and trained workforce. Â Â I doubt there is an interest in increasing funds for research infrastructure.


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which could increase public uncertainty and run the risk of confusing policy-makers. At the same time, she says,


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China also risks importing the virus through its growing trade with African nations. Europe s large pig farms are buffered by better biosecurity and hygiene practices.


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A. DI MEO/EPA/CORBISITALIAN dog-breeding facility at risk One of the largest suppliers of beagles (pictured) for mandatory drug testing in Europe could struggle to survive after an Italian court ordered its temporary closure


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The committee would also approve all future research on live rinderpest virus to ensure that its benefits outweigh the risks.

or shipped to approved high-security labs. The approach is modelled on the post-eradication phase of the smallpox campaign

vaccine strains will need probably to be maintained in high-security labs in several regions so that they can be shipped swiftly to any outbreak,


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whether the risks of global warming materialize and regardless of whether other nations take effective action.

and to ensure our national security, but today the UK, Singapore, China, and Korea are making competitive investments in research.

We have made also critical investments in research and development to bolster our national security and defense. And my budget continues to support making permanent the R&d tax credit

and scientists say energy security and sustainability are major problems facing the United states this century.

And all Americans can rest assured that the nation s security is no longer beholden to unstable but oil-rich regions half way around the world.

as well as animal diseases and even terrorism pose risks. What steps would you take to ensure the health, safety and productivity of America s food supply?

and children and the elderly were more at risk. I signed the most comprehensive reform of our nation s food safety laws in more than 70 years â oe giving the Food and Drug Administration the resources,

so that we can decrease the use of those pesticides that have higher risks of health impacts.

because they provide the greatest control over the potential risks of contamination and are generally the most cost-effective.

and others in the supply chain with specific knowledge of the risks, diversity of operations in the industry,

. and global fresh water is now at risk because of increasing consumption, evaporation and pollution. What steps,

and protect our national security; to create the jobs of the future, and live longer, healthier lives.


Nature 03813.txt

boosting the risk of food-borne illnesses and diarrhoeal diseases, they add.""Food safety will in future be a crucial issue.


Nature 03823.txt

among those who had smoked never, women consuming about 40 â°micrograms of acrylamide per day doubled their risk of developing cancers of the womb

Despite the uncertainties over the dangers of acrylamide Europe s legislators and food producers vowed to take action.


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and communicated risk before the earthquake that hit the Italian city of L aquila in April 2009, killing 309 people.

Phones and tumours Italy s highest civil court has stated that mobile phones can cause brain tumours to the dismay of medical experts who say no study has proven a clear causal link between health risks


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The film touts the risks of genetically engineered (GE) organisms, calling them"the most dangerous thing facing human beings in our generation.

sparing farmers the danger and expense of removing them. Van Eenennaam says that she might do better by disrupting the genes that lead to horns,

Politicians also reference unforeseen dangers from GE foodstuffs. The FDA evaluates animals as strictly as it does drugs.


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The plan included increased surveillance and security measures on farms, as well as what the government described as a"science-led policy of killing badgers in areas of high bovine TB.


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Problems ranged from the lack of backup control rooms to substandard risk assessments. See go. nature. com/cbbiah for more.


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Breast-milk molecule raises risk of HIV transmissiona type of sugar that occurs naturally in breast milk can double the likelihood of a HIV-negative baby acquiring the virus through breast feeding

At the symposium, Bode described how his lab has pinpointed an HMO called disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) that seems to underlie breast milk s contribution to NEC risk.


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and with as many as 90 million ash trees at risk, the disease threatens to irreversibly change the shape of The british countryside.


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Nor did it highlight uncertainty around any potential risks of ingesting such rice. The CCTV programme disclosed an email sent by Yin to Tang in


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data and knowledge demonstrating that GMO foods are not a danger to public health, it added.

and the regulatory institutions should be empowered to enable them do assessment on all imports to safeguard against the bypassing of the law,


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Coffee at risk Costa rica has declared a national coffee-growing emergency. The fungus Hemileia vastatrix which causes coffee rust,


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Dust and plant sap contaminated with the chemicals may also pose a risk to bees,

"It is obvious to us that EFSA has found itself under political pressure to produce a hurried and inadequate risk assessment,

and validity of previous risk assessments by the EU and member states that have permitted the use of its products.


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On 2 Â January, the NIH announced its final determination that Boston University s National Emerging Infectious diseases Laboratory poses little risk to the surrounding community.


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copycat proliferation of their technology, are already working on terminator-like safeguards. Bowman was a regular customer for Monsanto s herbicide-resistant soya beans for his main crop,


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including education of factory workers, firefighters, medical doctors and public servants about the risks of toxic chemicals.


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which restricts trade in species not at immediate risk of extinction but in need of protection.


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Risk maps developed for human infection by another, well-established avian flu virus H5n1 may help to target H7n9 surveillance and control efforts.

The map shows human cases of H7n9 (blue circles) superimposed on a risk map developed for H5n1,

with light yellow representing lowest risk, and darker areas higher risk (risk-map source: ref. 1).(This is a large map

and so may take several seconds to display in Google earth. To download map file to view in Google earth click here.

Although the risk factors for the spread of H7n9 are known not, voluminous research on its cousin,

although the risk factors for H7n9 may be given different the current dearth of information, H5n1 risk maps are probably a good starting point for identifying areas most at risk.

Indeed, when human cases of H7n9 are overlaid on a risk map that Marius and his co-authors supplied to Nature,

they seem to fall within the highest risk areas for H5n1. The map suggests that high-risk areas for H7n9 might include Shandong province

(which reported its first case on 23 april) and a belt extending around the Bohai Sea to Liaoning province in the north.

Such information could also be used to help to modify farming and trade practices to reduce the risk of human exposure to the virus. As more is learned about H7n9,

The resulting maps and data may give an idea of where the zones of immediate highest risk worldwide might be.


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Europe debates risk to beesdebate over neonicotinoids has become fierce. Conservation groups and politicians in the United kingdom and Europe have called for a ban on their use,

In January, the European Food safety Authority in Parma, Italy, Europe s food-chain risk-assessment body, concluded that three commonly used neonicotinoids clothianidin,

But risk is a product of hazard and exposure. However, David Goulson, a bee researcher at the University of Sussex, UK, thinks that most of the major studies have used realistic doses

neonicotinoid use should be restricted immediately as a precaution. One of the few studies to be conducted in the field served only to stoke the controversy after its release in March6.


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Most of the 1, 174 people surveyed said that those living in at-risk areas should bear the costs of making their communities more resilient.


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Scientists stress that it is much too early to do a full risk assessment of the potential pandemic threat.


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security, manufacturing, infrastructure, health costs, and natural resources and the environment. Laura Leon/Polaris/eyevineendangered ecosystems get listed The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on 8 may updated the criteria for its Red List of Ecosystems (D. Â A. Â Keith et

the new list ranks ecosystems using factors such as rate of shrinkage, disruption to wildlife and risk of ecosystem collapse.


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and gauge the environmental risk of the sterile fish escaping its tanks and successfully mating with wild salmon.


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It shows our risk assessments don't work, says Beketov. I think we should care about this

from biologist Dave Goulson of the University of Sussex, UK, reviews the environmental risk posed by neonicotinoid insecticides2.

We can't think our job is done after the pre-application risk assessment, he says.


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"There s a real danger of pushing people towards things with higher environmental impacts. The scant data available suggest that plastic wood typically a composite of waste wood and plastic exacts a higher climate-change cost than natural wood,


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The European Food safety Authority in Parma, Italy, concluded in May that maize (corn) seeds treated with fipronil pose a high acute risk to honeybees. ips trial approved On 19 july, Japan s health minister,


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the lab imported the virus around 15 Â years ago from Asia, after a lengthy security-clearance process, in preparation for just such an outbreak.


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advocates warned that Europe risks becoming a scientific backwater as the rest of the world increasingly adopts the technology."


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and that many, including ones at risk of extinction, have never been collected. The findings, released on 22 july by the International Center for Tropical agriculture (CIAT) in Cali,


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The ban was enacted as a temporary measure to safeguard against accidental or intentional release of the virus. The moratorium was lifted on 10 july

the University of California announced its nomination of Janet Napolitano, US secretary of homeland security and former governor of Arizona,


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the risks and benefits of research proposals will be assessed by a joint advisory committee, and then the FAO and the OIE will decide on approvals.

thus decreasing the risk of reintroduction. Some 55 labs in 35 countries still hold some kind of rinderpest virus,

Conversely, the agencies plan to centralize stocks of vaccines in a few high-containment repositories in regions at highest risk of disease,

The FAO and the OIE are working on high-security protocols for shipping the virus and ways to ensure that autoclaves in labs holding it are certified to function at levels guaranteed to provide a 100%kill.


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but at the same time it provides a tool to manage that risk, he says of the new study's results and methods.


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raising both in this region puts the aquifer at risk of depletion. Americans and Europeans did not begin farming in the Great plains until the 1890s,


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and better sanitation practices at poultry markets are crucial to monitoring risks to human health.


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Among the selected projects is a $33-million trial to test preventive treatments in at-risk adults (see Nature 489


Nature 04804.txt

However, they are not without their dangers, and, as the number of users in the United states alone reaches an estimated 2. 5 Â million,


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Previous research has found that livestock workers are at high risk of carrying MRSA, compared to the general population2.

whether the spreading of MRSA through livestock puts the public at risk of infection. The study examined the incidence of infections in Pennsylvania,


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and reduce the risk of the catastrophic fires that threaten lives and property, and pour carbon into the atmosphere.


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Expansion of pest populations into new territories increases the risk that these organisms will escape our control.


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which is responsible for assessing the risks of GMOS, "remain numerous, she added. The paper s retraction was the latest in a series of setbacks for SÃ ralini and his group.

and both the EFSA and Germany s Federal Institute for Risk Assessment In Berlin slammed the paper for providing inadequate data to support its conclusions


Nature 04986.txt

and the ones most at risk are those at the edges of their current range in Cameroon and the Central african republic.

In the meantime, really properly funding the operations of the guys putting their lives at risk patrolling areas would help.


Nature 05001.txt

and the American College of Cardiology, advocate treating patients on the basis of their risk of cardiovascular disease,

water security and bioenergy. go. nature. com/cxmbqf


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Departing head of biotech institute defends GM field trialsmaurice Moloney has led Rothamsted Research in Harpenden, UK,

We did all the risk assessments; we did all the things you have to do to get permission to go outside.


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the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed eliminating most artificial trans-fats forms of fat associated with increased heart risk from processed foods.


Nature 05115.txt

Industrial farms growing a single Cavendish cultivar are at a high risk of Foc-TR4 infestation,


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including issues of food and water security, and climate change. 3 february The World health organization releases its Third world Cancer Report, six years after its previous publication.


Nature 05184.txt

But the US Fish and Wildlife Service is expected now to lift the legal safeguards, after a government advisory panel of wildlife officials endorsed delisting the bear last month.

A reliance on meat heightens the risk that adult bears will come into contact with humans,


Nature 05202.txt

Pesticide risks On 8 Â January, the US Environmental protection agency announced the award of nearly US$500,

000 in grants for research to reduce the risks of pesticides, especially to bees. Scientists at Pennsylvania State university in University Park received funding to study alternatives to treating seeds with neonicotinoids,

) At Louisiana State university in Baton rouge, researchers will assess the long-term risks to bees from chemicals used in large-scale mosquito-abatement programmes.

Advertisements for the best-selling drug relied on studies showing that it also reduced the risk of stroke and heart attack.


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Anti-tobacco efforts have saved millions of lives around the globehalf a century after the US government sounded an influential alarm about the health dangers of smoking,


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Last week, the first human case of H7n9 flu was detected in Jilin province in the far north of the country, raising a further risk of spread to North korea and Russia,

To specifically address the risk of H7n9 flu, Vietnam has banned the importation of poultry from China.


Nature 05259.txt

They established a Global Health Security Agenda that calls for countries to increase immunizations and share data.


Nature 05279.txt

such as identifying at-risk people through mental-health screenings in hospital emergency departments, and preventing suicidal people from accessing firearms.


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but says the development poses little risk to US national security. See go. nature. com/fv9skt for more.

extinction risks and conservation to discuss how information on evolutionary relationships can be combined with metrics such as lists of endangered species to assess conservation needs. go. nature. com/pwwz8i11 March The US Department of agriculture ends


popsci_2013 00002.txt

So it makes more sense to start the shots as a precaution. 5 shots in a 14 day time span.

if there was a danger from rabies. Maybe they thought that human suffering was of some import.

and killed for human safety precautions. Unprovoked attacks on humans by large predators like this is a major safety concern.

Their genetic viability is NOT in peril. Opal Wolf-For those who have spread and believed the lies about wolves attacking people

when human lives are at risk. What would you propose they do? Chain it up for a week

when you write âÂ#Âoewhen the animal in question is as at risk as the gray wolfã¢Â# âÂ#Â

because there is such a danger as I see the human carnage by wolves everyday in the news


popsci_2013 00044.txt

A common cause that doesn't risk disappearing in the future. Once we find these fundamental goals that can be applied across the world we won't be attempting to save a few already severely damaged locations.

and have a very clear risk of going extinct in the near future despite all that money.


popsci_2013 00099.txt

which up close sounds like a cough but from afar sounds like a sharp bark and is used mostly by fox parents to alert youngsters to danger.


popsci_2013 00134.txt

but are in danger of catching and spreading the problem. The Eagle Valley Clean Energy plant will burn 250 tons of wood daily for the next 50 years Greenwire reports creating electricity for the residents of the small town of Gypsum.

That increases the risk of wildfires starting in pine forests and spreading to nearby homes.


popsci_2013 00151.txt

Always wear protective gear take proper safety precautions and follow all laws and regulations. This article originally appeared in the Novemberr 2013 issue of Popular Science a


popsci_2013 00159.txt

and an increase in extreme events has put the state's ability to grow food at risk.


popsci_2013 00259.txt

if they sense imminent danger either by steering back onto the roadway or braking in anticipation of a crash.

because they don't save lives that 0. 00001%of the time or seat belts or any other life saving thing.


popsci_2013 00300.txt

Apple's addition of a fingerprint reader in its latest smartphone the iphone 5s is part of its strategy to double down on device security. by Zack Whittaker September 10 2013 12:27 PM PDT Apple has unveiled its smartphone

http://news. cnet. com/8301-1009 3-57602286-83/google-security-exec-passwords-are-dead/../Brazilian Doctor Arrested For Using Silicone Fingers To Fool Fingerprint-Based Biometric Check-Inour keyless


popsci_2013 00314.txt

Our technology definitely would be in danger however. Even now solar storms can damage satellites cause power outages


popsci_2013 00370.txt

There's going to be an obvious security risk the whole time you're trying to dispose of these things.

It's going to get very expensive very challenging to maintain security to move chemical weapons


popsci_2013 00407.txt

The wisdom in human selection is the greatest risk factor here. tmarti69 As the Earth is currently in the beginnings of a magnetic polar flip with a ongoing to zero reduction of magnetic field more wild life will be subject to the the sun comsic radays


popsci_2013 00491.txt

Checkout Camp Chef's cast iron Ultimate Turkey Roaster which produces a much better overall turkey cooking result without the danger of frying yourself your children your pets or anything else other than the turkey.

but the roaster eliminates so much of the danger and cleanup that I can actually enjoy beers with the guests.


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