Less than 200 years ago the invention of the chocolate press by Casparus van Houten senior made it possible to separate roasted cocoa beans into cocoa butter
#Strange Spikes Over Siberia Puzzle Astronauts Houston we have a question: What are these weird spiky shapes we're
That's what astronauts were asking this June when the sight of strange dark-green features running along Siberia's Kulunda Steppe left them stumped according to NASA's Earth Observatory.
The curving features streak across the plain near the Ob river and can be seen from the International Space station (ISS)
when it flies over the Northern hemisphere's 52nd parallel the highest latitude of its orbit.
Fortunately for the ISS astronauts'burning curiosity researchers at NASA Johnson Space center in Houston had answers.
The spikes also appear in a winter scene snapped by an ISS astronaut more than a decade ago in 2003.
According to the region's tourism department people visit the lake's waters as well as the rich mud at the lake's bottom for healing purposes.
and even dancing in a pot one of the stars of the film Guardians of the Galaxy bizarrely blends the plant and animal kingdoms.
which travels through the plant body and causes some sort of response Chamovitz said. In Photos:
Researchers have shown also corn seedlings lean toward sounds with a 220-Hertz frequency the same tune emitted by the plants'roots
This would have involved a voyage of more than 2200 kilometers 1367 miles from its native New guinea
and its arrival on the island is consistent with other known maritime voyages in the region at that time evidence that people imported the sago seeds
The only thing holding it in is said the ice shelf Robert Thomas a glaciologist at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Wallops Island Va. who was involved not in the study.
Important coastal ports roads and rail lines were destroyed. The liquefied ground in Anchorage led to the country's strictest seismic building codes (now outpaced by California.
The residents breathe in benzene and other pollutants from factory and automobile emissions. Broccoli sprouts are rich in a cancer-fighting phytochemical called glucoraphanin
These three categories are broken further down into many squirrel types such as Albino Mountain Tree Antelope Spotted Grey American Red Douglas Fox Pygmy Northern Flying Southern
A group of squirrels are called a scurry or dray. They are very territorial and will fight to the death to defend their area.
They dig burrows a system of tunnels underground to live in. Some squirrels also hibernate in burrows during the winter to keep warm.
When the kits leave the nest they don't travel farther than 2 miles from home according to the Massachusetts Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.
At the city the archaeologists found evidence that a series of long buildings called galleries held troops who could have participated in voyages to the Levant and possibly guarded VIPS while at Giza.
Eventually people will have to travel farther afield to get large animals. The alternative is to raise animals yourself.
and then travel down to Mummy Lake along the ditch; from there some of it could then travel to the rest of the village providing water for drinking
and irrigating crops. I think it's appealing to think of Mummy Lake as a reservoir Benson told Live Science noting that the Ancestral Puebloans of Mesa verde lived in a region without any natural bodies of water.
but rather Chacoan ceremony roads with similar dimensions to Chacoan roads that exist at other sites in the San juan Basin the researchers argue.
Each time they moved they built ceremonial roads to connect their retired great houses and great kivas to the new complexes.
The researchers think the community relocated to the latter structures between A d. 1225 and 1250 and connected their past with their present using the ceremonial roads.
The researchers used moderate-resolution satellite imagery as well as reports from ship captains and airline pilots to track a pumice raft from the Havre Seamount a submarine volcano in the southwest Pacific near New zealand.
These findings could be useful for ocean navigation Jutzeler said. Currently nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers around the globe monitor the skies for airborne volcanic ash for the safety of air traffic.
According to NASA the first living creature in space was named a rhesus monkey Albert I. His launch took place in White sands New mexico on June 11 1948.
and grain to keep the sheep fed#Dixon said looking at the land around her trailer.
The lengthwise trip crosses through the redrock sandstone canyon country so iconic of the Southwest and passes into ponderosa pine-covered high plateaus desert scrubland clad with low piã on and juniper
We need to be stewards of our lands take the initiative to take care of our land our Mother Earth.#
but in 1795 Andreas Everardus van Braam Houckgeest would get to see the Forbidden city a palace complex of more than 900 buildings that was off-limits even to most Chinese.
However in 1783 when the American Revolutionary War ended Houckgeest decided to travel to Charleston South carolina
The weary travelers would arrive on Jan 9 1795. A number of the laborers died en route Maclaren told the Toronto audience.
When they entered the Forbidden city the travelers entered a seemingly fantastical world. In his journal Houckgeest found himself struggling to describe the palaces temples and other sights that he saw within and near the Forbidden city.
The (emperor's) sled was drawn to another place where a gate made of bamboo had been erected having a leather ball suspended in the center.
Return to America While Houckgeest traveled to China as a representative of Holland he would return home to Philadelphia.
Previous investigations found that the vessel's timbers had been damaged by burrowing holes of Lyrodus pedicellatus a type of shipworm typically found in high-salinity warm waters a sign that the ship at some point in its life made a trip to the Caribbean perhaps on a trading voyage.
But the actual hard evidence will come many decades down the road. Follow Laura Poppick on Twitter.
As Hong kong is a major transit point for ivory headed to China conservation groups lauded the decision.
but does not specify why these particular flying creatures are outlawed. Permitted birds include chicken geese ducks and turkeys.
In order to maximise the capture rate I needed to understand my target species. For example the brown hyaena use roads as territorial boundaries
when a female hears a bellow she likes she will go on an excursion to find him in his home range.
I can claim water conservation as an excuse to avoid hand-washing dishes or the car.
when you're not using it. 6. Go to the car wash Washing a car at home can easily use 100 gallons of water not to mention an awful lot of time and effort;
commercial car washes often use only 40 gallons or less of fresh water. 7. Get a rain barrel Collect the water that streams off your roof
and being struck by vehicles on roadways (road kill) according to the Mountain lion Foundation. Pumas are listed as Least Concern for extinction
NASA's Earth Observatory released a new high-resolution image of an Alaskan forest near the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge that has been left off of most maps.
Researchers are now trying to study the area with the help of camera-equipped aircraft.
because it is so difficult to reach Doug Morton a scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Maryland told the Earth Observatory.
and a group of NASA researchers are sweeping across the Alaskan landscape in a low-flying airplane equipped with a portable imaging system called G-Liht.
The plane hovers just 1100 feet (335 meters) above the treetops and collects high-resolution imagery that satellites in orbit just can't capture.
NASA's Landsat satellites which have been snapping pictures of the Earth's surface for more than 40 years now have instruments that can produce images with 49-to 98-foot (15 to 30 m) resolutions.
What s more some strains may not possess the robustness to transit through to the colon (the large intestine) because of the bile salts
The first trip to the dentist is called a well-baby#visit. According to the American Dental Association during this appointment the dentist will look for early problems in the child s teeth
About a year ago I found myself sitting ruefully in a patch of chiggery grass by the side of the road near the little town of Bahama North carolina waiting for a tow truck.
Thanks to the careful records of those past plant collectors I was able to track down 20 of the forest sites across North carolina where red maple branches were collected in the#70s#80s and#90s (and only put the truck in a ditch at one of them.
The 9 Craziest Ocean Voyages Separately another group of scientists discovered a climate anomaly in the South Pacific during this era that would have eased sailing from central East Polynesia southwest to New zealand.
We show that the sailing canoe in its basic form would have been able to make these voyages purely through downwind sailing.
But the trip would take four times that if the voyagers had to travel upwind. Follow Megan Gannon on Twitter and Google+.
+Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.+Original article on Live Science i
#As Plant virus Jumps to Bees, Does it Cause Colony Collapse? Jeff Nesbit was the director of public affairs for two prominent federal science agencies.
not only travel and migrate but how they systemically infect the bodies of honeybees and lead to the collapse of hives.
and a combination of different approaches like aircraft and tall towers said Dlugokencky a co-author of the Science paper.
As a result of funding cuts in 2012 the agency slashed some monitoring from aircraft and ground stations.
#NASA Video Captures Stunning Volcano Eruption View from Space On June 12 2009 the International Space station happened to be passing over the Sarychev Volcano
A newly released video based on several stunning snapshots taken by astronauts reveals the beauty and power of the erupting volcano.
The plume was so immense that it cast a large shadow on the island according to NASA Earth Observatory.
and settled ash veiled nearly all of the vegetation on the island's northwestern end according to NASA Earth Observatory.
Another particularly ugly method employed by Wildlife Services is shooting predators from planes and helicopters sometimes killing them sometimes just catastrophically wounding them.
In 2012 more than 3000 coyotes were killed this way in my home state of Montana alone.
but not before he convulsed on the gurney then raised his head and said Something's wrong.
or the muscle on the outside of the shin called the anterior tibial compartment. The treatment involved a pig bladder that had been stripped of its cells leaving only a scaffold made of tough proteins.
The thinking in the field is that the pollen allergy is the driver behind the immune response to the food said Dr. Wayne Shreffler director of the Food Allergy Center at Massgeneral Hospital for Children in Boston.
when NASA launches its Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite in July. The Los alamos team clearly demonstrated the value of remote sensing for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions said David Crisp the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) science lead at NASA s Jet propulsion laboratory.
Crisp is unaffiliated with the Los alamos study.##oeto fully exploit this capability we need to acquire measurements like this at high spatial resolution over the entire globe#Crisp said.
We have started down this road and we are making good progress.##Today sensors on the ground are more accurate at measuring greenhouse gases than satellites
and I can't imagine that global warming will keep me from flying to those places.
We all are afflicted by the one-action bias which means we will buy a hybrid car
The World bank has taken the lead in funding climate adaptation and climate resilience projects all over the world in energy infrastructure transportation and agriculture.
and technology that will allow us to travel in our driverless cars on solar roadways in our smart cities with no negative impacts on the environment.
The author's most recent Op-Ed was Is Climate Change Response'Fight or Flight'or'Rest and Digest'?
Brown bears are found in more places than any other bear species. They live in northwestern North america the Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa northern Asia Europe and the Middle east.
The report shows that these community forests contain 37 billion tons of carbon more than 29 times that emitted annually by all the passenger vehicles On earth.
and its behavior (the massive flights of these birds across the country until such mast was found).
or 3 years old young gorillas ride on their mothers'backs as a form of transportation.
NASA's Terra satellite went leaf peeping last week from its perch about 438 miles (705 kilometers) above the planet.
The images were released today (Sept. 30) by NASA's Earth Observatory. In Photos: Fall Foliage Seen from Space As the Earth Observatory notes the brown and orange hues are currently most prominent in Michigan's Upper Peninsula northern Wisconsin upstate New york New hampshire Vermont Maine and southern
Simulations featured in the Climate Change Tree Atlas show how some populations of fall favorites might shift.
or simulation models realistic enough to provide useful conservation guidance and the second is to take the research from the lab and put it into practice.
Christopher Columbus took sweet potatoes to Europe after his first voyage to the New world in 1492.
and why it is happening now may have to do with the travel patterns of bats across Africa
Few people travel between those two regions and Guã ckã dou the remote epicenter of first cases of disease is far off the beaten path Bausch said.
If Ebola virus was introduced into Guinea from afar the more likely traveler was a bat he said.
but finding the time and giving them the guidance that they need is said a challenge Wolsky.
Buffalo are used also for transportation and to pull plows. Wild water buffalo are endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
When they are ready to travel they will stand and turn in the direction they want to go.
akin to taking more than 68 million vehicles off the road for 30 years, depending on which chemicals fill the void.
In 2004, the teams used helicopters to help them spot and kill the animals. And finally, between 2004 and 2005, the teams used'Judas'goats and'Mata hari'goats.
Study co-leader Phillip van Mantgem of the Western Ecological Research center in Arcata California explains the mortality increase in financial terms:
the transport of tree species to colder climes further north and more controlled burns to prepare the forests for more frequent wild fires.
About a year ago, the leading artificial-insemination organizations in the United states and Canada funded a US$1-million research project directed by Curtis Van Tassell
Working with Illumina Inc. of San diego, California, Van Tassell's team created a microarray chip containing 54,000 genetic markers called single nucleotide polymorphisms,
says Van Tassell, The others become hamburger. Previously, DNA tests allowed a typical breeder to select the best bull some 35%of the time,
and Helene Muller-Landau of the University of Minnesota in St paul suggested that tropical extinctions may not be as dire as predicted.
so species don't have to travel far to resettle. Just how much secondary forest exists worldwide is a difficult question to answer.
and in some ways more immediate moral concerns that somehow don't get put on the same moral plane.</
with its luxury shops, roaming BMWS and Mercedes, and European-style villas in the suburbs.
To feed its booming automobile and tyre industry China plans to increase its natural-rubber production by 30%from 2007 levels to 780,000 tonnes per year by 2010
Nature Newsthe climate community is counting the costs of losing NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO),
There were 13 buses at the launch. A lot of people contributed to this. Scientists say they need this kind of in depth information to answer a particularly vexing question:
Emissions from transport and industry are easily quantifiable, but those from other areas notably land use and agriculture are shrouded in uncertainty.
an instrument aboard the European space agency's Envisat that uses similar technology but has much lower resolution.
NASA can also perform some CO2 monitoring with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS, launched aboard the Aqua satellite in 2002.
The European space agency (ESA) is mulling whether to proceed on a more advanced version of the OCO mission.
a researcher who worked on an independent feasibility study of A-SCOPE for ESA at the Laboratory for Climate Sciences and the Environment in Saclay.
Brã on believes that the ESA will not proceed with an A-SCOPE in the near term,
If NASA has the money, he hopes the agency will put another OCO up quickly
The question facing NASA is whether to push forward with an OCO II as fast as possible
The gene encodes a protein that is similar to molecular transporters that have been implicated in drug resistance.
when horses were buried with chariots. Settlements of the Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan, dated around 3500 BC,
come from travelers returning from affected areas. The CDC reports that hospitalization rates in the US are coming down, to 3. 5,
Nature Newsthe state of California has adopted regulations to curb greenhouse-gas emissions from transportation fuels,
He says the policy should send a signal to the private sector and drive clean transportation fuels and infrastructure into the market.
while providing a boost to vehicles powered by natural gas and electricity.
Research for development: Nature Newschris Whitty became head of research at the UK Department for International Development last month.
That decision focused on automobile emissions but opened the doors to broader regulations. Only one thing was required of the EPA:
The document specifically cited greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles as a danger to public health. California Democrat Barbara Boxer, who handles climate regulation in the Senate as chairwoman of the Environment and Public works Committee
That's the equivalent of five years of emissions from the entire transportation sector in Canada, says Carroll.
NASA ponders'carbon copy'of crashed mission: Nature Newssince the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) crashed into the ocean minutes after its 24 february launch,
researchers at NASA and elsewhere have been working on how else they might get the data on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that the mission was meant to collect.
Within a week of losing the satellite, NASA, which spent US$278 million and seven years developing OCO, put together a committee of two dozen climate scientists to weigh up various options.
Many scientists, including OCO's principal investigator David Crisp, of the Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena, California, think that probing the atmosphere with lasers will eventually offer a way to get round-the-clock data
In a recent competition to design atmospheric-science satellites the European space agency eliminated a laser-based carbon-dioxide-monitoring mission
The technology for a similar NASA mission called ASCENDS (Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights,
or on the International Space station (ISS) would also take a long time, and in the case of the ISS would miss the polar regions.
So as expected the bottom line of the report by Crisp's committee, submitted to NASA on 2 april
Michael Freilich, head of NASA's Earth-science division, has sent the white paper out for review and says he will make a decision possibly in May.
It might seem that the $150 million recently added to NASA's fiscal-year 2009 budget for Earth science by Congress,
a US Geological Survey land-mapping mission that NASA is procuring, and Glory, a mission due to be launched later this year to studyaerosols
points out that with his $5-million annual budget, he can monitor 84 spots, mostly in North america, via ground-based sites, aircraft, or ships.
which are, after all, NASA's stock in trade leads politicians and policy-makers to neglect ground-and aircraft-based measurements.
A more even split in spending between ground and space would allow him to boost his network of sensors by an order of magnitude
Says Ken Jucks, OCO programme manager at NASA, In all our opinions, the need for these data is just as high,
Crucially, they find that this difference does not merely stem from the fact that reserves have fewer roads in them.
They show up as hot pixels in the European space agency's Ionia World Fire Atlas, which has mapped fires around the world every month from 1996 to the present.
Almost 90%of the hot pixels were less than 10 kilometres from roads, mainly because these parts of the forest are more accessible.
But there were always far fewer fires near roads inside reserves than outside them. The reserves have a very big impact,
According to the study, published in PLOS One today1, this remains true even after the effects of roads,
a road from Manaus in the state of Amazonas to Porto Velho in Rond Â'nia that sticks out on the researcher's maps for having very few fires alongside.
The lack of fires can be chalked up to the fact that that the road is unpaved currently
and state reserves in an attempt to prevent the new road from becoming a corridor for deforestation.
Bioelectricity better than biofuels for transport: Nature Newsvehicles propelled by biomass-fired electricity would travel farther on a given crop
and produce fewer greenhouse-gas emissions than vehicles powered by ethanol, researchers report today. Burning biomass to produce electricity is generally more efficient than converting it into ethanol.
And electric vehicles although often more expensive to make and maintain than many vehicles with internal combustion engines are also more efficient at converting that energy into motion.
In the current study, the researchers, led by Elliott Campbell of the University of California, Merced, modelled the entire system all the way from crop cultivation to vehicle propulsion,
comparing cumulative greenhouse-gas emissions for both biofuels and bioelectricity. They found that the bioelectric route came out ahead of both corn ethanol
and advanced cellulosic ethanol made from switchgrass. We expected that electricity would look better than corn ethanol,
In all cases, the electricity pathway uses a lot less land to achieve the same amount of transportation.
suggests that, on average, an electric vehicle powered by biomass will travel 81%farther than an internal-combustion vehicle powered by cellulosic ethanol
Yeh says that the study bolsters California's approach to reducing emissions in the transportation sector.
which include electric transport. By contrast, US fuel policy is focused on biofuels. The federal mandate ramps up from 9 billion gallons of biofuels in 2008 (compared with almost 138 billion gallons of gasoline) to 36 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022.
but made no provision for electric transport. However, there are proposals to deploy something like California's low carbon fuel standard at the national level.
Jeremy Martin, a senior researcher at the WASHINGTON DC office of the Union of Concerned Scientists, says it's too early to tell how successful electric vehicles will be or
The paper helpfully demonstrates that there is more than one technology pathway that can put the agricultural sector to work in the transportation sector
then they would throw up salt-rich jets giving out a strong sodium signal that could be spotted by ground-based telescopes.
and is evaporating releasing pure water as a jet of steam and leaving the salty residue behind.
He and his colleagues used cosmic-dust data from the Cassini spacecraft currently flying around Saturn to study grains in the E ring.
These grains travel out into space in the plumes along with salt-poor ice grains that are formed like snowflakes from pure water vapour.
Although the network has detected not yet the new virus in pigs, its coordinator Kristien Van Reeth,
is an extension of work done by Sassan Saatchi at NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena and colleagues,
what scientists know about both forest carbon and the drivers of deforestation. It makes perfect sense,
When the environment changes, the very range of responses that previously constituted'adaptability'may become an evolutionary liability instead, notes Donna Holmes, an evolutionary biologist at Washington state University in Pullman,
South korea's first space rocket:(see image, right. It may have been watched by millions, but the launch of South korea's first space rocket on 25 august was only a'partial success',according to the country's science ministry.
The two-stage Naro-1 blasted off from Naro Space center, some 485 kilometres south of Seoul but,
as Nature went to press, it had failed to put its observation satellite into its intended orbit.
Research voyage: A US research vessel left Oregon on 22 august for Canadian waters to conduct seismic studies imaging seafloor structures, after a Canadian court declined to halt the cruise.
As Nature went to press, environmental groups seeking to block the use of air guns during the tests (see Nature 460,939;
. wmo. int/wcc3 31 august The ten-person presidential panel deliberating NASA's future, chaired by Norman Augustine,
Sound bites<br></br>We won't be correcting the atlas.<<br></br>Daniel Gutknecht, Swiss Federal office of Topography The swiss government last week approved expanding the country's border into Italy,
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