Previous studies have documented that about two-thirds of exposures to pro-smoking media messages occurs at places where tobacco is sold such as convenience stores gas stations or grocery stores.
#Algorithm identifies individual grains in planetary regolithinstruments on the Curiosity Mars rover not only measure the chemistry of rocks elemental abundances of soils
The researchers are exploring the use of this algorithm to quantify grain sizes in the images from the Mars Exploration Rovers Microscopic Imager (MI) as well as Curiosity's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI.
A field trip to Tasmania to collect additional material observe the species in the wild
which is divided into different compartments. Each compartment is equipped with its own magnetron generating electromagnetic waves. The microwaves are coupled into a waveguide which simultaneously acts as the heating chamber.
Through this chamber the milk flows in a special pipe. The pipe material does not absorb the microwaves
Dairies with a relatively small throughput can integrate the new microwave module into their existing plate heat exchanger system;
The Southeast already experiences extreme weather events including floods droughts heat waves cold outbreaks winter storms severe thunderstorms tornadoes and tropical cyclones.
which accounted for the complex interactions of drivers at the regional and local scale that can influence emissions such as neighbouring land use access to infrastructure the distance to local markets and the suitability of land.
if the extraction refinement transport and actual combustion of the biodiesel is taken into account and added to emissions from
Co-author of the study Dr Sonia Yeh from the UC Davis Institute of Transportation Studies said:
Located on the West Branch of the Little Conestoga Creek in Lancaster County PA. Arrow indicates dark paleo-wetland soil layer containing fossil leaf deposits with four plus meters of historical sediment buildup on top.
and cholesterol for transport to the liver. Once delivered to the liver the large load of fat was thought to cause increased blood levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol decreased levels of good cholesterol and the rise of systemic inflammation.
Some sheep can be healthy carriers where the meat is considered safe. The bacterium is absorbed not through the gut
Among other possibilities the work could help in the race to meet Department of energy (DOE) standards that call for the creation by 2015 of materials that can hold 5. 5 percent of their weight in hydrogen to fuel vehicles.
When the information arrives at its destination the encrypted messages are unlocked with a key and the original message becomes readable.
Scheme one a multi-hop proxy re-encryption-based scheme provides an anonymous communication channel between the source of a message and its destination.
and serves as the accountability information which links the destination of the message to its source.
and Keny Marques Lima in the journal Revista Clio Arqueolã gica (see link below). The diversity of the renderings according to the authors adds significantly to our knowledge of rock art from the Cerrado plateau region that borders the Pantanal.
when Keuroghlian and her team were conducting surveys of white-lipped peccaries herd-forming pig-like animals that travel long distances
Producers view themselves as stewards who care for the land but they need to make a living from it said rural sociologist Courtney Flint.
or complicated by other economic social and environmental drivers. Additionally there is a growing sense among farmers that policy makers are removed too far from the realities of farming Flint added.
which the proteins can travel. As you get older collagen becomes less organized Balaoing said.
For logistical purposes attendees were told they could only make one trip to the buffet line.
#Galaxy growth examined like rings of a treewatching a tree grow might be more frustrating than waiting for a pot to boil
Galaxies outlive trees by billions of years making their growth impossible to see. But like biologists reading tree rings astronomers can read the rings in a galaxy's disk to unravel its past.
Using data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) scientists have acquired more evidence for the inside-out theory of galaxy growth showing that bursts of star formation in central regions were followed one to two billion years later
by star birth in the outer fringes. Initially a rapid star-forming period formed the mass at the center of these galaxies followed later by a star-forming phase in the outer regions.
Eventually the galaxies stop making stars and become quiescent said Sara Petty of Virginia Tech Blacksburg Va. lead author of a paper appearing in the October 2013 issue of the Astronomical Journal.
This later star-forming phase could have been caused by minor mergers with gas-rich neighbors which provide the fuel for new stars.
The discovery may also solve a mystery of elderly galaxies. The galaxies in the study known as red and dead for their red color and lack of new star births have a surprising amount of ultraviolet light emanating from the outer regions.
Often ultraviolet light is generated by hot young stars but these galaxies were considered too old to host such a young population.
The solution to the puzzle is likely hot old stars. Petty and colleagues used a new multi-wavelength approach to show that the unexplained ultraviolet light appears to be coming from a late phase in the lives of older stars
when they blow off their outer layers and heat up. GALEX and WISE turned out to be the ideal duo for the study.
but WISE was reactivated recently to hunt asteroids a project called NEOWISE (see http://www. jpl. nasa. gov/news/news. php?
Both telescopes have large fields of view allowing them to easily capture images of entire galaxies.
The synergy between GALEX and WISE produces a very sensitive measurement of where the hot older stars reside in these red-and-dead galaxies said Don Neill co-author of the paper from the California Institute of technology Pasadena.
This allows us to map the progress of star formation within each galaxy. Ned Wright of UCLA a co-author of the study
NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. manages and operates the recently activated NEOWISE mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate.
The WISE mission was selected competitively under NASA's Explorers Program managed by the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md.
The science instrument was built by the Space Dynamics Laboratory in Logan Utah. The spacecraft was built by Ball aerospace & Technologies Corp. in Boulder Colo.
Science operations and data processing take place at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at Caltech. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.
More information is online at http://www. nasa. gov/wise and http://wise. astro. ucla. edu and http://www. jpl. nasa. gov/wise.
Caltech led the Galaxy Evolution Explorer mission and was responsible for science operations and data analysis. JPL managed the mission
and built the science instrument. The mission was developed under NASA's Explorers Program managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Md.
Researchers sponsored by Yonsei University in South korea and the Centre national d'etudes spatiales (CNES) in France collaborated on this mission.
Graphics and additional information about the Galaxy Evolution Explorer are online at http://www. nasa. gov/galex and http://www. galex. caltech. edu. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Jet propulsion laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke in food desertthere is more to the cost of living in a food desert than higher prices for the few fruits
and vegetables sold nearby according to a study by an Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis researcher and the Marion County Public health Department.
In the eastside neighborhood many residents depend upon public transportation. Traveling to the closest grocery stores takes 30 to 45 minutes each way.
Some residents had cars or were able to arrange for a ride in a car to the grocery store.
Stone said interviews were conducted with neighborhood association members and officials as well as representatives of other agencies working in the community.
Pig bones have been found in abundance at Philistine archaeological sites along Israel's southern coastal plane dating from the beginning of the Iron age around 1150 to 950 BCE.
and that's a major contribution says Sabatini who is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a professor of biology at MIT.
The construction and extraction along with transportation and material moving industries also cited high exposure with 22.6 percent and 19.8 percent prevalence of exposure respectively.
which the law is difficult to enforce such as vehicles. Additionally exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work was more prevalent among male non-white and younger workers.
green wing pattern typical for those species. In a recent revision published in the open access journal Zookeys scientists describe two new species from the group
The resemblance of the wing pattern of P. viridiflamma to mystical green flames has inspired also its name derived from the Latin words viridis (green) and flamma (flame.
and improve transit through the gastrointestinal tract. However initial trials had shown that it also reduced abdominal pain associated with IBS-C independently of its action on improving constipation.
The legitimacy of international efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation rests on community involvement said Meine van Noordwijk Chief Science Advisor at ICRAF.
and use KCL as a stabilizer to construct mud roads and foundations. Mulvaney mentioned that he had demonstrated the cementing effect of KCL in his soil fertility class
The CAO data were used also to evaluate the accuracy of the CLASLITE maps along the edges of large mines as well as the inaccessible small mines that are set back from roads
The first prototype test tires made with blends from dandelion-rubber are scheduled to be tested on public roads over the next few years.
On the other hand it reduces the transportation routes and thus improves the CO2 balance as Dr.-Ing.
or introduced species of bees comments one of the authors of the paper Dr Simon Hodge from Lincoln University in New zealand.
#King of beasts losing ground in Ugandas paradiseconservationists from the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of St andrews warn that Uganda's African lions--a mainstay of the country's tourism industry
The researchers used a buffalo calf distress call (broadcast via speakers mounted on a vehicle roof rack) to attract both medium
Lions are the species tourists most want to see in Uganda's savannas according to research by WCS.
Surveys of tourists have shown that they would be 50%less likely to visit the parks in Uganda
whether chimpanzees aim their travel to particular rainforest trees to check for fruit and how they increase their chances of discovering bountiful fruit crops.
The researchers found that chimpanzees checked most trees along the way during travel but 13%were approached in a goal-directed manner.
and wildlife including Andean bears including road construction logging unsustainable natural resource use and agricultural expansion. In addition WCS conserves the Andean bear across its range from Ecuador to Venezuela.
Net revenues are defined as revenues received at the mill gate less the costs of harvesting transportation and administration.
Major milk-sharing websites post a lot of guidance about milk collection storage shipping and provider screening.
The different greenhouse gas balances cast a differentiated light on the EU's goal of covering ten percent of transportation sector's energy use by using biofuels.
and diversity of this important crop and provides guidance for breeders to harness genetic variation for crop improvement.
Now research on tiger habitat in Nepal published this week's Ecosphere journal of the Ecological Society of America again shows that conservation demands not only good policy but monitoring even years down the road.
Like the proverbial roads that all lead to Rome Ben and Iain have shown that there are many routes taken by plants in the evolutionary process.
At the same time industries and automobiles continued to steadily emit carbon dioxide that contributed to a botanical boom.
On land people are major drivers of changes in land carbon. They're not just taking carbon out of the land they're actually changing the land's capacity to take up carbon.
The Illinois Department of Natural resources collected 23 river otters between 2009 and 2011 after the animals were killed incidentally (hit by cars
#Mix of graphene nanoribbons, polymer has potential for cars, soda, beera discovery at Rice university aims to make vehicles that run on compressed natural gas more practical.
It might also prolong the shelf life of bottled beer and soda. The Rice lab of chemist James Tour has enhanced a polymer material to make it far more impermeable to pressurized gas
The combination could be a boon for an auto industry under pressure to market consumer cars that use cheaper natural gas.
This becomes increasingly important as automakers think about powering cars with natural gas. Metal tanks that can handle natural gas under pressure are often much heavier than the automakers would like.
He said the material could help to solve longstanding problems in food packaging too. Remember when you were a kid you'd get a balloon
and it would be wilted the next day? That's because gas molecules go through rubber or plastic Tour said.
Existing air quality regulations and trends in clean energy technology are expected to reduce the amount of harmful nitrogen oxides (NOX) emitted by coal plants and cars over time.
'The project was funded by the NASA Applied sciences Program through the Air Quality Applied sciences Team which is led by Jacob at Harvard
There are several lines of evidence that drought is the main driver of the spruce beetle outbreak.
and lead author of the case study. Our hope is that this provides them with a step-by-step practical road map that they can use to replicate Providence's success. This is a city that has taken on Big Tobacco
They would look like butterfly wings Artyukhov said. Bundles might stick to each other but they wouldn't collapse completely Yakobson added.
Such failures can be life-limiting situations for a lot of materials Demkowicz says including materials used in aircraft oil wells and other critical industrial applications.
and realise a pilot plant that features a controlled enzymatic release of organically bound phosphate enabling up to 90 per cent recovery of total phosphorus. This novel strategy is to be carried out using phosphate hydrolysing enzymes immobilised onto suited carriers.
Other work has suggested that the evolution of flight may have triggered parallel strengthening of the immune system of bats
Lou said ultrathin h-BN protection might find a place in turbines jet engines oil exploration
She presented her work at this year's TWAS General Meeting. Egamberdieva group leader at the National University of Uzbekistan at Tashkent has isolated salt-tolerant bacterial strains that live in salt-degraded soils where they help the rooting process in plants.
Egamberdieva has been invited to present her results at the TWAS's 24th General Meeting in Buenos aires where she has been awarded one of the TWAS Prizes.
TWAS The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries headquartered in Trieste Italy was founded by Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam.
The above story is provided based on materials by TWAS the academy of sciences for the developing world.
The forest has been studied well in the past--it was the site of the NASA-led BOREAS project in the 1990s a study that provided scientists with a lot of
#Fear of predators drives honey bees away from good food sourcesmost of us think of honey bees as having a bucolic pastoral existence--flying from flower to flower to collect the nectar they then turn into honey.
Until this study Post said identifying the environmental driver of this change has been the biggest challenge one that we're getting a better understanding of
Under the theory grains are spun propeller-like by photons. Their alignment is modified by magnetic fields which orients them with respect to the field telling an observer its direction.
Impurities and defects on the dust grains produce catalytic sites for the formation of hydrogen molecules which are ejected subsequently creating miniature rocket engines also called Purcell thrusters after Nobel laureate Edwin Purcell who studied grain alignment.
or interfering with nutrient transport in the infected trees he said. The researchers used gene sequencing technology to study the transcriptome which is the collection of RNA found in the tree leaves and fruit.
Their analysis confirmed that in infected trees HLB disease caused starch to accumulate in the leaves blocking nutrient transport through the phloem
Study offers advice for owners of urban delivery truck fleetsfor owners of delivery truck fleets who may be trying to decide between electric
or diesel vehicles researchers at the Georgia Institute of technology are offering some advice: comparisons of the energy consumption greenhouse gas emissions and total cost of ownership for the medium-duty vehicles.
The advantages of electric versus diesel depend largely on how the trucks will be used--the frequency of stops
and average speeds--and the source of electricity for charging batteries. In city driving with frequent stops the electric trucks clearly outperform diesel vehicles.
On average in the United states electric urban delivery trucks use about 30 percent less total energy and emit about 40 percent less greenhouse gases than diesel trucks for about the same total cost taking into account both the purchase price
and the operating costs said Dong-Yeon Lee a Ph d. student in the Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
and where the truck will be used. In urban delivery routes with lots of stop -and-start driving electric trucks are roughly 50 percent more efficient to operate than diesel trucks overall.
That makes them at least 20 percent less expensive than diesel-fueled trucks and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by roughly 50 percent.
Where they are stopped frequently and started the higher efficiency of the electric motor at low speeds
and the regenerative braking systems in electrical vehicles help provide better efficiency. However electric delivery trucks lose their advantage in suburban routes that involve fewer stops and higher average speed.
Electric vehicles have limited a daily range and top speed and without a lot of stops lose their regenerative braking advantage.
Electric vehicles can cost more than their diesel counterparts under certain conditions particularly if high-cost charging systems are used
if the battery must be replaced early or if they are used mainly for highway driving. The relative benefits of the electric vehicles the researchers found depend on vehicle efficiency associated with drive cycle diesel fuel price travel demand electric drive battery replacement
and price electricity generation and transmission efficiency electric truck recharging infrastructure and purchase price. The study findings were reported July 16 2013 in the journal Environmental science and Technology.
The research team took into account the sources of electricity used to charge the electric vehicles in evaluating greenhouse gas emissions.
Electricity produced from hydroelectric sources--more common in the northwest United states--dramatically reduced total greenhouse gas emissions for electric vehicles operated there.
Vehicles operated in states heavily dependent on coal for producing electricity showed higher emissions. In every state in the U s. electric trucks provided some reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with urban routes providing the most advantage.
In about half of the states the electric trucks cut greenhouse gas emissions by a third
or more compared to diesel vehicles. Wild cards in the study included the future costs of both diesel fuel
and electricity and the potential cost of replacing an electric truck's battery pack if it has a shorter-than-expected lifetime.
Lithium-ion battery packs are expected to last the lifetime of the trucks as much as 150000 miles for the drive cycles tested.
Technology advances make predicting the long-term price of electric trucks difficult said Valerie Thomas one of the study's co-authors and a professor in Georgia Tech's Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering and School
of Public Policy. Battery price reductions down the road could have a large effect on the cost-competitiveness of electric trucks
while only diesel fuel prices could have a similarly large effect on the future cost-competitiveness of diesel trucks.
The researchers decided to study electric trucks in urban delivery applications because vehicles in these applications tend to travel the same routes each day spend significant amounts of time in stop
-and-start operation and return at the end of each day to a central location where they can be charged.
The comparison involved a 2011 Smith Newton electric truck powered by a 120 kw electric motor
and a 2006 Freightliner truck powered by a Cummins diesel engine. The two trucks had approximately the same gross vehicle weight curb weight and payload.
The comparison controlled for improvements in diesel efficiency between 2006 and 2011. The researchers were surprised to find that the electric truck had cost advantages over the diesel vehicle under some conditions.
They had expected that costs would always be higher for the electric vehicle especially since the purchase price of the electric truck studied was higher than the diesel truck
--and other models of electric trucks would have larger cost differentials. Over the life of the truck there are many situations in
which the total cost of operating an electric vehicle is less than operating a diesel vehicle noted Marilyn Brown another co-author and a professor in Georgia Tech's School of Public Policy.
Our expectation was that the electric vehicle would provide environmental benefits but at a cost.
We found that particularly in urban settings and in locations with relatively low greenhouse gas emissions from electricity electric delivery trucks both save money
and have environmental benefits. Depending on what happens with vehicle and fuel costs the advantages could swing even farther in the direction of electric vehicles.
The relative benefit of electric trucks over diesel counterparts could be much more significant than one might expect said Lee.
If the electric truck is deployed in the right drive or duty cycle application fleet operators could enjoy higher returns on investment while saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Georgia Institute of technology. The original article was written by John Toon.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Model to study human response to bacteria that cause peptic ulcers developedresearchers at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech have developed a new large animal model to study how the immune system interacts with the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori the leading
cause of peptic ulcer disease. The discovery in the October edition of the journal Infection and Immunity may inform changes in the ways doctors treat patients.
An estimated 4 million Americans have sores in the stomach lining known as peptic ulcers according to the American Gastroenterological Association.
Although the bacterium is found in more than half the world s population most people do not develop diseases.
However some experience chronic inflammation of the stomach or gastritis which can lead to the development of ulcers or cancer.
and waterways by agricultural chemicals as well as carbon costs because of vehicles and artificial fertiliser necessary to maintain the pasture.
If the synthetic natural gas made by the plants were used to fuel vehicles the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions would be twice as large as from gasoline-fueled vehicles.
whether by paying tribute through car decals T-shirts online memorials or tattoos etched in conventional ink or even mixed with cremains--cremated human remains says Baylor University scholar
Car decals as well as shoe polish or liquid chalk on vehicle windows are being used to pay tribute to the dead.
One of Cann's photos shows a snow-white ghost bike festooned with a maroon Christmas garland
and placed at the site of a bicycle accident. But the bike is a clean pristine version--not the one that was mangled Cann said.
Besides funeral home websites that allow virtual visitors to sign guest books online mourning has evolved to include Facebook's R i. P. permanent memorials as well as virtual tombstones
Corn ethanol production of 14 billion gallons supplied 4. 4 percent of total U s. transportation liquid fuel use in 2011.
Biofuels are presumed the replacement for the petroleum-based transportation fuels gasoline and diesel that dominate liquid fuel use.
'It has to be education for the family the athletes the coaches and the people who run the game.
and coaches to recognize the signs of overuse to catch things before they develop into real injury.
into the interstellar medium of our galaxy. Most surprising to the scientists is why a dramatic shift in the magnetic field that they had modeled
Eric Zirnstein University of Alabama physics graduate student and NASA Earth and Space science Fellow in Heliophysics and May UAH doctoral graduate Brian Fayock who now does data analysis for NASA are comparing data
In the case of the Voyager 1 crossing the heliopause separates material created by the sun from material that surrounds the stars throughout the galaxy.
Recently NASA announced that measurements of the effects on Voyager 1 of a March 2012 coronal mass ejection indicated that it had ventured beyond the heliopause to begin its venture out into interstellar space.
The impact of the work Brian is doing is said significant Dr. Gary Zank heliophysics professor and director of the Center for Space Plasma and Aeronautic Research (CSPAR.
Geezer Crafttruthfully by now the Voyager 1 spacecraft should be burnt just another out retiree it's primary work done as of Nov 20 1980 floating away out in space somewhere.
and blasting them out at a staggering 23 watts for a trip that NASA says now begins in interstellar space.
For example NASA's Dr. Fayock says funding is drying up for his Voyager work and he is holding on to the hope that an upcoming UAH graduate student may see value in continuing it.
NASA expects it to send data through at least 2020 and its ability to power itself could last until 2025.
He paints a picture of a spacecraft constructed entirely of materials made by the sun even put together by people made of stuff made by the sun. It's a package totally of solar origin that scientists with a great degree of certainty say has shed itself of its creator
As the first human-made craft to achieve such a feat it's an emissary that travels with its Golden Record--literally a gold phonograph record containing a wide assortment of information about Earth
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