The study a collaboration between researchers at the University of British columbia the University of Wisconsin-Madison Michigan State university is funded a collaboration by Great lakes Bioenergy Research center was published today in Science.
Right now the land and the ocean are taking up almost half of the carbon dioxide we add to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels
or the ocean--is distributed not evenly. To understand where that carbon dioxide is need going we precise comprehensive ongoing data about carbon dioxide absorption
and emission by forests the ocean and many other regions. For some of these regions we have far too few observations.
A research ship moves about the speed of a 10-speed bicycle said Scott Doney director of the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Mass.
Think about the size of the ocean. There's only so much research you can do speed at the of a bicycle.
But there's little shipping in the Southern Ocean and Doney said that's a region of high concern.
and it's not very good at dispersing seeds long distance said author Robert Arkle a supervisory ecologist for the USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center at the Snake river Field Station in Idaho.
Methane fuels life in pristine chalk riversscientists from Queen Mary University of London have found that naturally high concentrations of the greenhouse gas methane contributes to energy production in chalk rivers in a new study
published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Chalk rivers found from Dorset to Cambridgeshire sustain a diverse range of protected animals
and plants and are renowned globally for fly fishing an industry worth more than £4m on the Rivers Test and Itchen (Hampshire) alone.
The researchers analysed the methane concentration in over 30 rivers in Southern England including the River Lambourn in Berkshire.
The rapid growth of aquatic plants during the summer months prevents light from reaching the river bed
For example fine sediments washed into rivers from farmland used to grow crops are known to be sources of methane gas.
We used to think energy from the breakdown of chemicals was only substantial in dark places where photosynthesis is impossible like deep oceans.
processes and ecosystem services of the Amazon river wetlands. Scientists from Virginia Tech the Woods Hole Research center and the University of California Santa barbara funded by NASA are collaborating with Brazilian scientists to explore the ecosystem consequences of the extreme droughts of 2005 and 2010 and the extreme flood
The research fills an important gap in our understanding of the vulnerability of tropical river-forest systems to changes in climate
Amazon floodplains and river channels--maintained by seasonal floods--promote nutrient cycling and high biological production and support diverse biological communities as well as human populations with one of the highest per capita rates of fish consumption said Castello.
The researchers will look at how the natural seasonality of river levels influences aquatic and terrestrial grasses fisheries
It is important that we understand how the Amazon river and ecosystem services such as fisheries are affected
Although most of the macrophyte carbon is released back to the atmosphere in the same form that it is assimilated carbon dioxide some of it is exported actually to the ocean as dissolved carbon
because in some years they can almost double the amount of fish in the river that is available for fishermen and society.
and weight of the catch for 40 species. The hydrological data include daily water level measurements recorded in the Madeira Purus and Amazonas-Solimã es rivers.
and productivity of floodplain forests--those enriched by rising waters called whitewater river forests and nutrient-poor blackwater river forests.
Our research informs large river ecology globally because natural flowing rivers like the Amazon are rare these days
and most research to date being done in North america and Europe has focused on degraded systems Castello said Story Source:
they're lost into the atmosphere lost into rivers lost through rain Crowther said. But in clay-like soil you can cut down the forest
--which scientists use to understand how carbon cycles through the ocean land and atmosphere over time--underestimate the productivity of the Corn belt by 40 to 60 percent.
The Corn belt for example receives water from the Mississippi river. Accounting for irrigation is currently a challenge for models
For this reason the largest health costs are carried most often by the more populated states in the Northeast and Great lakes region.
An international research group led by Arizona State university professor Qiang Shawn Chen has developed a new generation of potentially safer and more cost-effective therapeutics against West Nile virus and other pathogens.
and protect mice against a lethal dose challenge of West Nile virus--even as late as 4 days after the initial infection.
The overarching goal of our research is to create an innovative yet sustainable and accessible low cost solution to combat the global threat of West Nile virus said Chen a researcher at Arizona State university's Biodesign Institute and professor in the Department
West Nile virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and targets the central nervous system. It can be a serious life-altering
or drug treatment against West Nile virus which has been widely spread across the U s. Canada Latin america and the Caribbean.
Secondly we've wanted to improve the delivery of the therapeutic into the brain to combat West Nile virus at the place where it does the greatest harm.
A couple of years ago his team demonstrated that their first candidate phu-E16 could neutralize West Nile infection
MABS target proteins found on the surface of West Nile virus . However this antibody was not to be able to accumulate at high levels in the brain.
Chen wanted to use this strategy to produce a more effective way to combat West Nile virus. In the new study they improved upon their phu-E16 design making half a dozen new variants that could for the first time lead to the development of MABS that effectively target the brain
and neutralize West Nile virus. Mice were infected with a lethal dose of West Nile virus and increasing amounts of a MAB therapeutic were delivered as a single dose the same day of infection.
In this case the therapeutic was administered 4 days after West Nile virus infection when the virus has already spread to the brain.
and makes possible neutralizing West Nile virus even after infection by a tetravalent MAB. The tetravalent MABS design will offer the researchers greater flexibility toward selection of disease tissue and antigen targets.
Crassignatha danaugirangensis after the field centre's idyllic setting at the Danau Girang oxbow lake. All data and images were compiled then into a scientific paper
The Danau Girang Field Centre is located in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary a strip of rainforest along Sabah's major river squeezed in by vast oil palm plantations on either side.
and water management practices that increase agricultural productivity can save watersheds from degradation. A study conducted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in the Gabayan watershed in eastern Bohol Philippines has shown that agroforestry systems create a more sustainably managed watershed that allows people living there to benefit from the ecosystem.
The benefits include higher crop yields increased income and resilience to climate change. Agroforestry is integrated an land-use management technique that incorporates trees and shrubs with crops and livestock on farms.
and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the effects of different land uses on watershed hydrology
and the ecosystem services provided by the Gabayan watershed. The tool predicts the environmental impact of land use land management practices and climate change.
Watersheds are areas of land with streams and rivers that all drain into a larger body of water such as a bigger river a lake or an ocean.
Watersheds not only supply water for domestic use but also provide a multitude of ecological and cultural services including water for irrigation
Over the years however many watersheds throughout the world have suffered from intensive resource extraction and mismanagement.
In countries like the Philippines several watershed areas in the country are degraded now due to deforestation and soil erosion.
The degraded watershed has been deforested largely and replaced with extensive agricultural and grasslands over the last half century says David Wilson the lead researcher.
It has disrupted the evenness of river flow resulting in alternate flooding and drought episodes an accelerated level of soil erosion as well as downstream sedimentation.
therefore able to provide scientific evidence that agroforestry combined with improved land management practices are an effective land-use strategy for the watersheds.
and contour planting in grasslands appear to be the most effective techniques to reduce sediment transfer to the watershed river network says Wilson.
#Major increase in West Antarctic glacial losssix massive glaciers in West Antarctica are moving faster than they did 40 years ago causing more ice to discharge into the ocean and global sea level to rise according to new research.
--which has a significant impact on sea level rise he said. The researchers studied the Pine Island Thwaites Haynes Smith Pope and Kohler glaciers all of
which discharge ice into a vast bay known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica.
If melted completely the glaciers'disappearance would raise sea levels another 1. 2 meters (four feet) according to co-author and UC-Irvine Professor Eric Rignot.
The decades of increasing speeds and ice loss are a strong indication of a major long-term leakage of ice into the ocean from that sector of Antarctica noted Rignot.
This region is considered the potential leak point for Antarctica because of the low seabed. The only thing holding it in is said the ice shelf Robert Thomas a glaciologist at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Wallops Island Va. who was involved not in the study.
Ice shelves are platforms of permanent floating ice that form where glaciers meet the sea.
In West Antarctica ice shelves prevent the glaciers investigated in the study from slipping more rapidly into the ocean.
Smith and Pope Glaciers nearly tripled the amount of ice they drained into the ocean since 1973.
The research team also found that the Pine Island Glacier is accelerating along its entire drainage system--up to 230 kilometers (155 miles) inland from where it meets the ocean.
if you disturb the ice sheet near the coast the glaciers will feel the push
Side effects of tamoxifen for example include increased risk of uterine cancer cataracts stroke and cardiovascular disease. Patients diagnosed with precancerous cells
Using sediments from a remote lake researchers from Brown University have assembled a 60000-year record of rainfall in central Indonesia.
The Indonesian archipelago sits in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool an expanse of ocean that supplies a sizable fraction of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere
A very large fraction of the Earth's water vapor comes from evaporation of the ocean around Indonesia
To arrive at those conclusions the researchers used sediment cores from Lake Towuti an ancient lake on the island of Sulawesi in central Indonesia.
By looking at how concentrations of chemical elements in the sediment change with depth the researchers can develop a continuous record of how much surface runoff poured into the lake.
Core samples from deeper in the Lake Towuti sediment will show whether this drying evident during the last ice age also happened in previous ice ages.
It's estimated that Lake Tuwuti sediments record up to 800000 years of climate data and Russell recently received funding to take deeper cores.
which protects a 5193-acre Florida scrub preserve near Lake Placid Only twice in those 23 years--in March 1989
The researchers discovered that ancient clam gardens made by Aboriginal people produced quadruple the number of butter clams and twice the number of littleneck clams as unmodified clam beaches.
One of the ways they did this was by cultivating clams in human-made rock-walled beach terraces known as clam gardens.
and were more likely to survive than baby clams transplanted into unmodified beaches in the same area.
We discovered that flattening the slope of ancient beach clam gardens expanded the real-estate for clams at the intertidal height at
They alter the community composition of near shore systems change sediment characteristics and facilitate the introduction of invasive species says the study.
Lepofsky says On the Northwest Coast we are fortunate to have both the tangible record of clam gardens
#Bighorn sheep went extinct on desert island in Gulf of Californiausing ancient DNA analysis and other techniques a research team led by conservation biologists at the University of California Riverside has determined that bighorn sheep so named for their massive spiral horns became extinct on Tiburã n Island a large and mostly uninhabited island just
off Sonora Mexico in the Gulf of california sometime in the last millennium--specifically between the 6th and 19th centuries.
The result published March 19 in PLOS ONE is a surprise because conventional wisdom among wildlife biologists and the indigenous Seri people who long inhabited this coastal desert region was had that bighorn sheep not occupied Tiburã n Island before 1975
and their diseases and minimal human disturbance said Benjamin Wilder a Ph d. graduate student in UC Riverside's Department of Botany
The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Riverside. The original article was written by Iqbal Pittalwala.
and corridors out of a longleaf pine plantation around the Savannah-river National Laboratory near Jackson S. C a network of sensors was erected to provide observations on wind speed turbulence temperature
At its peak the fungus destroyed the entire malting barley crop in the Red river and Ohio river Valleys according to molecular biologist Yang Yen an Agricultural Experiment Station researcher and professor at South dakota State university.
Although it used to occur all along the west coast from San diego to Washington state this wetland plant with delicate white flowers had dwindled to one population in a boggy wetland in San luis Obispo County.
Water parsley (Oenanthe sarmentosa) is a native plant that grows in wet areas along the west coast of North america.
and also in furthering our understanding of wetland ecology she said. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Santa cruz. The original article was written by Tim Stephens. Note:
and it wouldn't go back into the river so river levels would go down and stress the fish.
So in examining that scenario ranchers could see how this feeds back and that's the iteration says Murphy.
because much of the snow melt there feeds into a lake that's a reservoir for Denver's water.
But in a first-of-its-kind study on wild green anole lizards biologists at the University of California Riverside have discovered that the link between muscle function
The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Riverside. The original article was written by Jeanette Marantos.
For example stronger fluctuations must be expected in the outflows of rivers and the temperature of the groundwater may rise--with possibly negative consequences for drinking water quality.
Due to the changing streamflow in the rivers it will in future be necessary to be more economical with the use of water.
#Strange bird, sea turtle hatchlings released on protected Indonesian beachworking on a remote and protected beach in Indonesia conservationists from the Wildlife Conservation Society
which crawled into the sea. All hatchlings emerged from protected nests on a 950-meter beach that is now owned
The most threatened of the beach nestersâ#he maleoâ#s a chicken-sized bird with a black helmet (or casque) yellow facial skin a red-orange beak
After burying their eggs in sunbaked beaches or in some instances volcanically heated soil the maleo parents abandon their nest.
Although widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical seas of the world the olive ridley turtle is listed still as Vulnerable on IUCNÂ##s Red List.
and direct hunting. â#oethe round-the-clock monitoring of maleo and sea turtle nests on this protected beach prevents the exploitation of these species a threat that still frequently occurs at other sitesâ#said Dr. Peter Clyne Deputy
#Soil microbes shift as shrubs invade remnant hill prairiesperched high on the bluffs of the big river valleys in the Midwest are some of the last remnants of never-farmed prairie grasslands.
Funding for this research was provided by the National Great Rivers Research and Educational Center. Story Source:
The heat evaporated water stored in soil lakes and vegetation and in combination with repeated dzuds devastated livestock.
But said Stahle we live in a sea of coincidence--something like that is hard to prove.
In coming months team member Avery Cook Shinneman a biologist at the University of Washington plans to analyze sediments taken from the bottoms of Mongolian lakes.
it will have a negative impact on other ecosystems for example on rivers. The most sensitive areasthe most sensitive areas to climate change effects are Mediterranean forests of evergreen oak Alepo pine
Lake Eyre dragon lizards Ctenophorus maculosus are found exclusively in salt deserts in southern Australia where they feed on dead insects blown onto the salt crust.
because it drowned beneath the Bering sea when sea levels rose. University of Utah anthropologist Dennis O'Rourke and two colleagues make that argument in the Friday Feb 28 issue of the journal Science.
Nobody disputes that the ancestors of Native american peoples came from Asia over the coast and interior of the land bridge during an ice age called the last glacial maximum
A Frozen Isolated Dawn for the Earliest Americansduring the last glacial maximum thick glacial ice sheets extended south into what now is the northern United states sea levels dropped some 400 feet O'Rourke says.
As the glaciers melted sea levels began to rise reaching current levels 6000 years ago. During the long glacial period Siberia and Alaska were linked by the Bering land bridge
At its largest extent Beringia measured as much as 1000 miles from north to south and as much as 3000 miles from Siberia's Verkoyansk Range east to the Mackenzie river in in Canada.
The idea that rising sea levels covered evidence of human migration to The americas has long been cited by researchers studying how early Native americans moved south along the Pacific coast as the glaciers receded and sea levels rose.
Although most such sites are underwater some evidence of human habitation in shrub tundra might remain above sea level in low-lying portions of Alaska and eastern Chukotka (in Russia.
The methane bubbling up from a single palm oil wastewater lagoon during a year is roughly equivalent to the emissions from 22000 passenger vehicles in the United states the analysis found.
For now the carbon footprint of cutting down forests to make way for palm plantations dwarfs the greenhouse gases coming from the wastewater lagoons.
But while deforestation is expected to slow as the focus shifts to more intensive agriculture on existing plantations the emissions from wastewater lagoons will continue unabated
The amount of methane biogas that went uncollected from palm oil wastewater lagoons last year alone could have met a quarter of Malaysia's electricity needs.
Capturing methane at wastewater lagoons could be encouraged by making it a requirement before palm oil products can be certified as sustainable the authors said.
and the region's importance regarding sea level rise said Dr Matt Ash from the UCL team who accompanied BAS on the NERC istar misson.
#Water filter from the sapwood in pine tree branchesif you've run out of drinking water during a lakeside camping trip there's a simple solution:
and slowly pour lake water through the stick. The improvised filter should trap any bacteria producing fresh uncontaminated water.
According to Jennifer Fitchett a Phd student in the Wits School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES) there has been an assumption that increasing sea surface temperatures caused by global warming is causing an increase in the number
As the oceans have warmed and the minimum sea surface temperature necessary for a cyclone to occur (26.5 degrees Celsius) has been moving further south storms in the southwest Indian ocean have been moving further south too.
Most cyclones hit Madagascar and do not continue to Mozambique and those which hit Mozambique develop to the north of Madagascar
#Drone shows new view of energy coal ash spillaerial images captured by a drone aircraft provide a new look at the extent of contaminants leaked into a North carolina river from a Duke energy coal ash dump as concerns about water pollution grow
and Sustainability collected data that shows how many million gallons of arsenic-contaminated water and ash spilled into the Dan River in Eden N c. after the initial pipe burst.
and where the water line was when the pond emptied. To see the video visit the following link:
The researchers have released all of their observations and data to Duke energy the U s. Environmental protection agency the North carolina Department of Environmental Resources the Southern Environmental law Center The North carolina River Keepers and the Dan River basin Association.
#Seed-filled buoys may help restore diverse sea meadows in San francisco Baya pearl net filled with seedpods tethered by a rope anchored in the coastal mud
Sea grass meadows are a key marine environment under siege. In their healthy state they stabilize coastal sediment
During low tides beachcombers could walk to eelgrass beds at places like Crown Beach in Alameda or Keller Beach in Richmond.
But for the most part people might see the green blades washed up on the beach and not realize that these are flowering plants instead of a piece of algae.
and fastest-growing flowering plants that often becomes a hard-to-control weed in ponds and small lakes.
It often forms thick mats on the edges of ponds quiet inlets of lakes and in marshes.
This means that on the scale of food crops adding significant levels of nitrogen to the soil through fertilizer presents a number of problems particularly river and groundwater pollution.
#Agricultural productivity loss a result of soil, crop damage from floodingthe Cache River basin which once drained more than 614100 acres across six southern Illinois counties has changed substantively
since the ancient Ohio river receded. The basin contains a slow-moving meandering river; fertile soils and productive farmlands;
deep sand and gravel deposits; sloughs and uplands; and one of the most unique and diverse natural habitats in Illinois and the nation.
when the Ohio river approached the record high of 332.2 feet above sea level. â#oethe floodwaters eventually drained back into the Ohio river
and upper Mississippi river ultimately leaving approximately 1000 acres of agricultural land flooded from a backup in the middle and lower Cache River Valley
As a result of the record Ohio river flood level floodwaters passed north through the Post Creek cut off then west through the 2002 Karnak breach and into the middle Cache River valley to the Diversion to Mississippi river
In late April the Ohio river floodwaters then started to flood the towns of Olive branch and Miller City the Horseshoe Lake area and surrounding agricultural lands.
On May 2 2011 the Len Small levee on the Mississippi river failed and resulted in the flooding of an additional 30000 acres of Illinois public and private lands.
but dropped to 865000 bushels in 2011 due to flooding from both the Ohio and Mississippi rivers andâ crop
Local floodwater in the lower Cache River Valley south of the Mississippi river Diversion and Dike could not flow back into the Ohio river.
It was blocked by the Cache River levee on the south side and by the closed gate at the Ohio river levee.
Instead water backed up and flooded forested and agricultural lands along the lower Cache River and north of the Cache River leveeâ#Olson said.
and levees loss of wetlands and flood-holding capacity internal channelization of the Cache River and tributaries and an ever-changing climate have altered the hydrology of the valley redistributed soil from fields
and ditch banks into the river and transported tons of sediment during flooding events into both the Ohio
and Mississippi riversâ#Olson said As the 2011 Ohio river floodwater reclaimed its ancient floodway Olson says that the extent of these hydrologic changes
and implementation of the Cache River Watershed Resource Plan completed in 1995â#Olson said. He cited nine resource concerns that were identified:
erosion open dumping private property rights water quality continuation of government farm conservation programs Post Creek Cutoff stream bank erosion open flow on the Cache River dissemination of accurate and timely information
throughout the watershed and the impacts of wildlife on farming and vice versa. â#oemost of these concerns still need to be said addressedâ#Olson. â#oesince that plan was created there have been additional compromises/breaches that need to be repaired.
 As the repair and rebuilding of the valley infrastructure is undertaken there will need to be a significant investment of human and financial resources to reduce the impacts of future catastrophic events. â#â#oethe 2011 Ohio river flooding of the Cache
River Valley in southern Illinoisâ #which was authored co by Kenneth R. Olson and Lois Wright Morton was published in a 2014 issue of the Journal of Soil
Additional funding support came from National Great Rivers Research and Education Center Regional Research Project No. 15-372 and in cooperation with North-central Regional Project No.
rio shows that family farms produce 38 percent of national agricultural value from 24 percent of the agricultural land.
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