was an innovation of the Pre-classic period writes Yale university Professor Michael Coe in his book The Maya (Thames and Hudson 2011).
The area studied is called the Yuba Fan built up around the Yuba River that runs out of the Sierra nevada mountains north of Sacramento not far from California s verdant wine country. oethe Yuba fan is created totally artificial by humans said Singer
The sediment washed downstream Singer said actually forming new river valleys and terraces the fan.
The fine scale of the map allows researchers to zoom in close enough to see logging roads river meanders
For example does your desktop wallpaper feature a waterfall a forest or a beach? Do you harvest tomatoes in Farmville explore the exotic territories of World of Warcraft
a nature island with waterfalls rivers different kinds of trees flowers plants grass rocks a beach and dirt paths;
Flowing rivers More strong evidence of Mars'wet past comes from Curiosity s discovery of calcium sulfate veins fissures in the surface rock that once sampled with a laser-firing instrument called Chemcam
And then there are the ancient river deposits. Â One such feature of the Martian landscape studied by Curiosity
Features resembling Shaler are formed commonly by rivers here On earth; turbulent water creates dunes on the riverbed
And these look exactly like the sort of features I ve looked at On earth formed by ancient rivers Gupta added.
In the United states the Bureau of Reclamation released a report on the status of the Colorado river Basin in December 2012.
The study concluded that over the next 50 years water supply from the Colorado river will be insufficient to meet the demands of its adjacent states including Arizona New mexico
Water flows into Lake Powell nestled between Utah and Arizona from high in the Rocky mountains via the Colorado river.
Greenberg is also part of a working group looking for agricultural solutions to water shortages along the Colorado river.
Fights over water rights are causing political conflicts and instability in such places as the Nile valley and the Indian subcontinent.
For example the Tigris river flows from Turkey to Iraq so ensuring Iraq's supply requires conservation from Turkey a political problem that requires international negotiations.
or other sources creates runoff that carries pesticides into local rivers and often out of the local watershed Boccaletti told Livescience.
1 kilogram) produced according to the United nations'UN-Water program could be produced in the Amazon river Basin the largest watershed in the world.
People who rely on the Colorado river are facing that problem now. A June 2013 study in the journal Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society suggests that the low flows will worsen in the future.
To protect the resource everyone who relies on the river must agree on a new way to allocate its waters Greenberg said.
or diverting water from the Mississippi river to politically unpopular solutions such as decommissioning water-based power plants and limiting population growth.
Currently the legal regime that governs water use for the Colorado river States the Laws of the Rivers make water a use-it
This material was deposited by a river system that once covered more than 425000 square miles (1. 1 million square kilometers) of southeastern Australia n area that was home to many of the megafauna that became extinct
which often grows along the banks of rivers and streams is a convenient snack for kayakers and a staple in the autumn diets of many country dwellers.
The rivers there often have warm springs that help maintain open water in winter which helps the owls to hunt their prey.
and down the riverbank in their favorite fishing spots jumping in to catch fish here and there
We are often walking along frozen rivers during the day inching up fairly close to the lip of open water patches to look for owl tracks.
The rivers are not usually very deep but it's always an unpleasant experience. At night the team settles into a concealed tent near a foraging spot to monitor the owls'hunting behaviors.
Blakiston's fish owl is a clear indicator of the health of the forests rivers
and trout species that spawn in the rivers there some of the 12 other owl species found in Primorye and mammals such as the endangered Siberian tiger Asiatic black bear and wild boar.
Large woody debris results in river complexity which brings in the salmon which brings in the fish owls Slaght said.
We can now make a case for reduced logging in riparian riverbank zones in Primorye
The park boasts spectacular granite formations crystal clear streams majestic waterfalls ancient giant sequoias two major rivers (the Merced and Tuolumne) and much more.
Yosemite falls: This is the tallest waterfall in North america. Snow runoff cascades down the 2425 foot drop with peak flow in May.
In winter an ice cone is often visible at the top of the falls. Bridalveil Falls:
A 620-foot waterfall of delicate beauty Bridalveil Falls is located near the entrance of Yosemite Valley.
Water roars during the springtime peak flow; during the rest of the year its namesake light dancing flow is on display.
Mirror Lake: Though it s more of a pond than a lake this Yosemite Valley spot is an extremely popular destination.
It boasts glorious reflections of Half Dome and Mount Watkins in spring when the water level is high enough.
when aquatic ecologistcarlos de la Rosa was sailing on a slow quiet boat down the Puerto Viejo River in northeastern Costa rica with researchers students
when rivers were the main highways for both humans and wildlife said de la Rosa director of the La Selva Biological Station for the Organization for Tropical Field Studies in San pedro Costa rica.
and filmed butterflies and bees fluttering about the corners of the eyes of a spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) a crocodilian that can reach up to 8. 2 feet (2. 5 meters) long that was basking on the riverbank.
These new findings support a 2012 report of a bee sipping the tears of a yellow-spotted river turtle in Ecuador's Yasunã National park. Similar findings were seen with butterflies drinking the tears of yellow-spotted river
However I've seen these bees approach river turtles and the turtles are not as tolerant
#Intersex Fish Showing Up in Pennsylvania Rivers Editor's Note: This story was updated on Tuesday (July 1) at 10:25 a m. E t. Scientists found intersex fish in three river basins in Pennsylvania a sign that the water may be tainted with chemicals from human activity.
Male smallmouth bass with female characteristics namely immature egg cells in their testes were discovered in the drainage areas of the Susquehanna Delaware
and Ohio rivers according to a new study led by the U s. Geological Survey (USGS). Such abnormalities are linked to estrogen-mimicking chemicals
which likely got into rivers and streams from agricultural runoff and human waste the researchers said. 12 Worst Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals
& Their Health Effects The sources of estrogenic chemicals are most likely complex mixtures from both agricultural sources such as animal wastes pesticides
Researchers with the USGS previously found intersex smallmouth bass in the Potomac river Basin similarly linked to endocrine-disrupting chemicals or EDCS.
For the new study Blazer and colleagues collected fish from 16 sites in the Susquehanna Delaware and Ohio river basins.
River and streams funneled the mercury to the bay. It's a massive undertaking that's going to lead to some pretty significant changes in the environment
Both chemicals may help protect against macular degeneration an incurable condition that blurs central vision and cataracts a clouding of the eye's lens.
#Man-made Flood Could Help Revive Colorado river Wetlands An artificial flood could surge down a dry riverbed from the United states into Mexico either this spring
and store water but it also permitted an experiment to send a pulse of 34 billion gallons (130 billion liters) of water coursing down the Mexican extent of the Colorado river a stretch drained dry by overuse upstream
in the United states. This could mark a new era of collaboration among users of the river's water one that benefits the environment said Karl Flessa a conservation biologist at the University of Arizona in Tucson
Decades of dams and diversions The Colorado river system is among the most extensively dammed diverted and regulated rivers On earth Flessa noted.
Only about 10 percent of the Colorado river Delta's original wetland and riverbank areas now remain with less than 3 percent of the native cottonwood
In the mid-1980s scientists noted that accidental releases of water into the Colorado river Delta
Then in the 1990s floods in both the Colorado river and Gila river (a tributary of the Colorado river) delivered more than 2. 4 trillion gallons (9. 3 trillion liters) of water into the delta in multiple pulses breathing
new life into riverbank vegetation. Because the floods rejuvenated these riverbank zones conservationists were hopeful that the wetlands could be restored.
The experiment the researchers plan could shed light on how the United states and Mexico could best revive the delta.
Researchers have generated intentionally floods before in the United states such as farther up the Colorado river in the Grand canyon last year.
They can forge rivers and lakes that are 3. 7 to 5 miles (6 to 8 km) wide according to Woodland Park Zoo.
Even Asian carp currently the most talked-about invasive species in the Midwest were ignored largely until they began to heave their bodies out of the water and lash Illinois river anglers across their startled faces.
I've rafted West virginia's Gauley River and agree with the guides who say the Gauley resembles a western river not only because of its wild whitewater
but also its coniferous forest canopy up to 50 percent of the canyon's steep slopes are covered in hemlock.
Our group was thrilled by the sight of a bald eagle flying over the river passing unnoticed by wading fishermen intent on catching trout.
We stopped to rest at the base of an 80-foot frozen waterfall. But there was no doubt that the mood was set by the fresh snow lodged attractively in the boughs of the towering hemlock trees that line the gorge.
While they are in the water a lot they will also waddle onto the riverbanks to dig burrows with their claws.
As they swim they try to detect food along the muddy bottom of the river stream pond
When the female platypus is ready to have her young she will burrow down inside the ground on the riverbank and seal herself into one of her tunnel rooms.
because it's exposed around the Frenchman River. This rock deposit is a natural time capsule from the Late Cretaceous period just before a mass extinction wiped out the dinosaurs.
when the can was cooled with untreated water from the River Parana. Into this river 66 tons of human feces and 250000 gallons of urine were discharged every day from Rosario where typhoid was common.
The bacteria in the corned beef in the window grew vigorously. The first person to fall ill developed symptoms on May 12.
Leg bones of people living in the Danube river valley became weaker after 5300 B c. around the time
Certain changes in dialects also occur as you move from southern China to northern China Talhelm learned with the Yangtze river acting as a dividing line.
The Yangtze it turns out is also the point at which rice farming in the South transitions to wheat farming in the North.
If you're a vegetarian tucking in along the Nile thousands of years ago would have felt just like home.
while the Nile region became increasingly arid between 3500 B c . and 600 A d. To Kate Spence an archeologist and specialist in ancient Egypt at the U k.'s University of Cambridge this could be expected:
Although the area is very arid they were cultivating crops along the river just by managing irrigation
When the level of the Nile decreased farmers just came closer to the river and kept on cultivating in the same way.
Most people would probably expect the ancient Egyptians living along the Nile to have eaten loads of fish.
If you took a cruise along the northern stretch of the Nile some 6000 years ago you wouldn't have seen any pyramids
or an elephant taking a drink at the bank of the river. At that time the Nile wasn't surrounded by desert;
rather the warmer wetter landscape resembled the current scenery of sub-Saharan East Africa. Today Egypt's elephants and giraffes are extinct.
Most of the region's nutrients were concentrated in the Nile floodplain and competition with farmers might have also hurt herbivore populations.
Eighty percent of the planet's species died off at the end of the Cretaceous period 65.5 million years ago including most marine life in the upper ocean as well as swimmers and drifters in lakes and rivers.
The La Brea Tar Pitswere once a moist woody habitat that may have had also streams or a river she added.
Leaf matter used to construct the nest cells likely came from trees not far from the nest site suggesting the La Brea Tar pits had a nearby forest possibly containing streams or a river.
#America's Most Endangered River Is#As California's San Joaquin River meanders down from the Sierra nevada across the Central Valley toward the San francisco bay it loses water to farms and communities along the way.
Now amid drought a national river conservation agency is calling on California to manage the San Joaquin's much-needed water more efficiently.
The nonprofit American Rivers announced today (April 9) that it has deemed the San Joaquin the most endangered river in America.
The organization highlights 10 rivers each year facing threats and management decisions that could make or break their futures.
and water diversions said John Cain the conservation director for California floodplain management at American Rivers.
See the 10 Most Endangered Rivers of 2014 Fork in the river There are two big legislative
or South america said Eric Wesselman executive director of the California conservation organization Friends of the River.
The estuary is a crucial habitat for fish including the economically important Chinook salmon Wesselman who was involved not in the American Rivers report told Live Science.
and quantity of the San Joaquin river Cain said. The San Joaquin and its tributaries are dammed extensively and water diversions remove 70 percent of the natural flow of the river American Rivers reports.
More than 100 miles (160 kilometers) of the river have run dry for half a century because of the diversions.
A second tipping point for the river involves attempts in Congress to overturn a settlement agreement to restore the San Joaquin.
This settlement hard-won over the course of two decades of litigation is threatened by the pressures on the river's water.
The problems have worsened only as California's drought drags on. In February the Fresno Bee newspaper reported that planned water releases for the restoration have been put on hold until at least 2015.
Water solutions The drought however is not the reason American Rivers chose to highlight the San Joaquin this year Cain said.
The river's problems run deep and would require a solution no matter how much rain California was said getting he.
American Rivers is urging Californians to push for a sustainable management plan for the San Joaquin.
See Images of the San Joaquin River Nationally citizens can urge their senators to oppose attempts to overturn state
and federal laws that safeguard rivers from excessive diversion Cain said. What we're advocating for is better water management regimes
American Rivers highlighted nine other endangered rivers in its report as well. Threats range from excessive diversions to outdated dams to polluted runoff.
1. San Joaquin River California 2. Upper Colorado river Colorado 3. Middle Mississippi river Missouri Illinois and Kentucky 4. Gila river New mexico 5. San
Francisquito Creek California 6. South Fork Edisto River South carolina 7. White river Colorado 8. White river Washington 9. Haw River North carolina 10.
Clearwater and Lochsa rivers Idaho Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter and Google+.+Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.
#Most Endangered Rivers in America: 2014<p>Most of the United States' drinking water (65 percent) comes from rivers
which also nourish agriculture and ecosystems and provide recreational opportunities. But with so many demands on them many of America'
s 250000-plus rivers are threatened.</</p><p>The nonprofit American Rivers highlights these dangers each year with its Most Endangered Rivers report.
The report puts a spotlight on rivers that face important policy decisions that could make
or break them in the next year. Threats range from excessive diversion of water to outdated dams to pollution.</
</p><p>Here are the 10 most endangered rivers the organization has identified in 2014 and
</p><p>The Middle Fork Clearwater and a tributary the Lochsa river flow through the Clearwater National Forest in Idaho and provide sanctuary for<a href=http://www. livescience. com/11267
of refinery and mining equipment headed for the<a href=http://www. livescience. com/38452-tar-sands-well-blowout. html>tar sands</a>of northern Alberta in Canada American Rivers reports.
</p><p>These huge crawling loads threaten recreation on the river and are opposed by the Nez Perce Tribe
</p><p>The Haw River is in north-central North carolina and flows into the Cape Fear River
In the 19th century textile manufacturing polluted the river. Today<a href=http://www. livescience. com/topics/pollution/>pollution</a>remains the Haw'
s<a href=http://www. livescience. com/11283-glaciers. html>glaciers</a>feed the scenic White river of Washington state which flows into the Puyallup River and Puget sound.
This river is a major salmon habitat and public money funds salmon restoration projects to keep fish populations up.</
</p><p>But the Buckley Diversion Dam on the river kills many of these fish as they make their way upriver to spawn American Rivers reports.
American Rivers is calling for upgrades to fix the dams and save the fish that taxpayers shell out cash to restore.</
</p><p>Another White river makes the list of endangered waterways in the No. 7 spot.
This White river is in northwestern Colorado where it provides drinking water for 7000 people in rural towns and supports a habitat full of fish and big game.</
</p><p>The White river is threatened by oil and gas development on public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).
</p><p>The Edisto river is a slow-flowing<a href=http://www. livescience. com/29902-drought-reshapes-amazons-black-river. html>blackwater river</a>so named
Endangered Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon call the river home.</</p><p>A single potato farm can draw as much as 35 percent of the river'
s flow during drought a portion that can seriously impact fish and wildlife American Rivers reports.
American Rivers is also calling for stricter limits on how much water can be removed in order to prevent conflicts between environmentalists agribusiness and recreation.</
s Gila river starts in the Gila Wilderness and flows into the Colorado river. It provides water to some 5 million people
and is a popular recreation river. American Rivers is raising concern about the Gila however because of a proposed diversion that would double current water withdrawals.</
</p><p>The state must decide whether to construct the diversion or to meet its water needs though water conservation alternatives by the end of the year.</
</p><p>The<a href=http://www. livescience. com/30414-mississippi-river-flooding-before-after-images. html>Mississippi river</a is an extensively controlled river
In 2013 the<a href=http://www. livescience. com/42291-colorado-river-experimental-flood-planned. html>Colorado river</a made the No. 1 spot on American Rivers'<
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/28789-most-endangered-us-rivers-2013. html>" Most Endangered"
</p><p>The river is threatened most by water diversions to support Colorado' s burgeoning population 80 percent of
s current<a href=http://www. livescience. com/21469-drought-definition. html>drought</a is not doing its rivers any favors.
s second-longest river was in trouble even before the drought. More than 60 miles of the river run dry according to the National Resources Defense Council and increased pressure on the river'
s water could worsen the situation. </</p><p>The California Water Resources Control board is drafting a plan for the management of the San Joaquin
and American Rivers is calling for increased flows to restore habitat and downstream agriculture. The U s. Senate also has the opportunity to reject the relaxation of environmental laws protecting the river flows
which could lead to more of the channel drying up.</</p p
#Pineapple: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts Spiny on the outside sweet on the inside pineapples are one fantastic fruit.
It's unlikely that the woman's bananas were infested truly with deadly spider eggs said Richard Vetter a retired research associate of entomology at the University of California Riverside.
A photographer even snapped a shot of a croc cousin the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in a tree about 4 to 6 feet (2 to 3 meters) above the water at the Pearl river Delta in Mississippi.
which allowed crops to be grown further away from rivers and water sources. Although the role of irrigation systems in creating despotic states has been overstated in the past they certainly would have created an opportunity for would-be leaders to behave entrepreneurially by managing their construction.
Indeed the most despotic early states arose in locations such as Egypt where agriculture had to happen in a narrow valley along the Nile making dispersal very difficult.
and Scenic River passage in Idaho and the Lolo Pass through Montana transforming a winding and isolated two lane highway surrounded by the largest wilderness area in the lower 48 into an industrial corridor that would serve the tar-sands
and Idaho Rivers United along with the Nez Perce Nation state and federal courts intervened last year to stop the use of the U s. Route 12-Lolo Pass route until additional environmental analyses could take place.
or Wild and Scenic River but nowhere are there so many within the same area with such quality access as there is here#many perceive that use of the Highway 12 corridor as a frequent route for oversize hauling could affect the unique setting recreational experiences
The route includes the incomparable Craters of the moon national monument the Salmon river corridor Idaho's unique Camas Prairie (home to the some of the largest intact cold freshwater springs in North america) and Montana's Blackfoot River corridor.
I cannot support authorization of such oversized loads through the National Forest or within the Wild and Scenic River Corridor.
As reported by numerous observers the first Exxonmobil shipments along Route 12 on the Clearwater River knocked down trees
That is something everyone who cares about the wild and scenic river areas of the world should eagerly embrace.
which is a cascade of events that protects cells from the stress caused by high temperatures.
Working with conservation organization Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS) Google street view and Google earth teams have collected ground-and river-level images of the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve a protected
Like a river saliva washes out some of the bacteria in the mouth" she said.</
The 1-month-old calf mummy named Lyuba was discovered in 2007 by a reindeer herder on the banks of a frozen river on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia.
A mammoth-ivory hunter found the second mummy which researchers named Khroma after the river in Yakutia in which she was found frozen upright in permafrost.
It was just a matter of minutes before she would have lost consciousness Fast-flowing river Khroma was also healthy
But Khroma had broken a back and mud from a fast-flowing river in her trachea.
So it's possible Khroma was standing on a riverbank when it collapsed leading her to fall break her back
and a forest ecologist with the U s. Geological Survey (USGS) in Three Rivers Calif. The results of the survey of 403 tree species around the world suggest that trees never suffer the ill effects of old age.
Philipp Saumweber is a Harvard MBA formerly of investment bank Goldman sachs who was struck by the basic idea that food needs to be produced in a very different way from how it largely is today.
The parasite egg hails from the Fertile Crescent a region around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the middle East where some of the first irrigation techniques were invented about 7500 years ago.
The site also lies on a floodplain where the Euphrates and Balikh Rivers meet. When the rivers overflowed their banks water would have spread across the adjacent plains
and inhabitants may have built little mud retaining walls to keep the water on the fields for longer.
Even today farmers along Egypt's Nile river use similar irrigation methods. The farmers could have waded into the water-covered fields to do weeding
and planting and the rivers'warm slow-moving water would have been an ideal breeding ground for the snail hosts of the parasite Stein said.
Varner is studying pikas in Oregon's Columbia river Gorge where this rabbit relative munches on moss instead of grass and flowers.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011