Martian lakes? One of the rocks Rice mentioned was a mudstone that Curiosity drilled into.
Researchers think the mudstone formed in a place where water was calm such as a lake perhaps an ideal place for microbes to survive
Calm lake water is a better place to live. Another rock that received a lot of attention at the conference is Tintina a tiny pebble that Curiosity rolled over and broke apart.
Was it clay minerals deposited in a lake? Or digenesis which is when the rocks have been changed
The impact of irrigation isn't all that surprising given that the western United states poured enough water into crop irrigation to fill the entire Great lakes region with 2. 3 feet (0. 7 meters) of water
In recent years however warming oceans and milder surface temperatures have melted the icy subsoil causing the ground beneath Newtok to erode
and Sink in 2007 the village already sat below sea level and studies warned that the subarctic outpost could be washed completely away within a decade.
With climate change rapidly altering human ecosystems around the globe Newtok may not be alone in its fight against warming temperatures melting ice and rising seas.
and they are thrown back into the ocean to slowly die. However China's taste for the dish may be fading:
Areas the institute protects include watersheds that provide drinking water for SãO Paulo. Unlike some other organizations they haven't overextended themselves Jenkins said.
After 14 years of drought Lake Powell is less than half full. Water flows into Lake Powell nestled between Utah and Arizona from high in the Rocky mountains via the Colorado river.
More than 30 million people in seven states depend on the mighty Colorado for water to grow crops fuel power plants and keep cities such as Las vegas alive.
In August the federal Bureau of Reclamation cut by 9 percent the amount of water people in the southwestern United states could draw from Lake Powell.
and often out of the local watershed Boccaletti told Livescience. Other water evaporates into the atmosphere
1 kilogram) produced according to the United nations'UN-Water program could be produced in the Amazon river Basin the largest watershed in the world.
and eventually changing the landscape from wetlands to deeply incised quickly flowing streams. Before Europeans arrived American beech red oak
Leaves from swamp plants also appear in the mud confirming that the forested spot was on the upslope edge of a nearby wetland.
Plants in Danger We had a valley margin forest growing right next to the valley bottom in conjunction with all these wetlands Elliott said.
#What An Ancient Lake Reveals at Its Core Kay Behrensmeyer is a curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural history.
I am amazed at how much information is contained in our tiny vertical sample from an ancient lake basin.
and we discovered an extinct lake! The layers in the core are preserved very well and show many periods with volcanic eruptions alternating with quiet lake phases
and dry periods when the water receded and soil developed. Â Thin horizontal stripes in the core called laminae formed
Those features are good evidence that a deep fairly large lake once existed in that area of Olorgesailie.
 We can analyze volcanic ash brought into the lake by wind using the technique of radiometric dating so it will be possible to measure how long ago each ash layer was deposited.
  The section of the core shown here (see the enlargement in the lower right of the image) also revealed where banded lake deposits have a well-defined contact on top of an ancient clay-rich soil.
The water level must have risen quickly to make such a sharp transition from land to lake.
The remaining 70 percent is absorbed by the oceans the land and the atmosphere according to NASA.
and heat up the oceans land and atmosphere release heat in the form of IR thermal radiation
and a growing number of citizens fear that the worst effects of global warming extreme weather rising sea levels plant
and animal extinctions ocean acidification major shifts in climate and unprecedented social upheaval will be inevitable.
but none was so strong and abrupt as the change 43000 years ago caused by the extinction researcher Stefan Schouten a geochemist at the NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research told Livescience.
The paw paw tree (Asimina triloba) is indigenous to 26 states in the United states growing wild from the Gulf Coast up to the Great lakes region.
Global warming the gradual heating of Earth's surface oceans and atmosphere has emerged as one of the most vexing environmental issues of our time.
and sea level was up to 131 feet (40 meters) higher in some areas. The effects of global warming are already visible in many areas of the world:
substance into the ocean. It's sunk to the bottom of the harbor Jeff Hull a spokesman for Matson Inc. the company responsible for the leak told the Los angeles times. Unlike oil which can be cleaned from the surface molasses sinks.
The remaining 70 percent of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the oceans the land and the atmosphere.
As they heat up the oceans land and atmosphere release heat in the form of IR thermal radiation
If global warming continues unchecked it will cause significant climate change a rise in sea levels increasing ocean acidification extreme weather events and other severe natural and societal impacts according to NASA the EPA
and ocean sinks mask the extent of how rapidly the planet is warming from greenhouse gases.
It will also confirm the accelerated rate of change for impacts such as sea-level rise the steady retreat of Arctic sea ice
and under them generating a combination of deep slow-moving backwaters and shallow fast-moving channels that are critical to salmon at different stages in their lives.
Mirror Lake: Though it s more of a pond than a lake this Yosemite Valley spot is an extremely popular destination.
It boasts glorious reflections of Half Dome and Mount Watkins in spring when the water level is high enough.
Yosemite s peaceful meadows and wetlands are the best place to spot the park s unique flora and fauna.
Although salt is plentiful in the ocean the molecule technically known as sodium chloride is often a rare and valuable resource on land.
Male smallmouth bass with female characteristics namely immature egg cells in their testes were discovered in the drainage areas of the Susquehanna Delaware
The blended family was foraging in wetlands at the Eden Landing Ecological Reserve part of the massive South Bay Salt Ponds Restoration Project.
The tallest of the world's four avocet species growing up to 20 inches (51 centimeters) tall the avocet is equipped with spindly gray legs designed for wading in fresh or saltwater wetlands.
The enormous 30-year effort one of the country's largest wetlands rebuilding projects will add much-needed wetlands habitat in the San francisco bay
otherwise a sea of short dry grasses said lead study author Wendy Turner an ecologist at the University of Oslo in Norway.
#Man-made Flood Could Help Revive Colorado river Wetlands An artificial flood could surge down a dry riverbed from the United states into Mexico either this spring
Before the 1930s about 4. 9 trillion gallons (18.5 trillion liters) streamed from the U s.-Mexico border to the Gulf of california each year supporting numerous wetlands and a major estuary.
Only about 10 percent of the Colorado river Delta's original wetland and riverbank areas now remain with less than 3 percent of the native cottonwood
when upstream reservoirs were enlarged full significantly its wetland areas. Then in the 1990s floods in both the Colorado river and Gila river (a tributary of the Colorado river) delivered more than 2. 4 trillion gallons (9. 3 trillion liters) of water into the delta in multiple pulses breathing
Because the floods rejuvenated these riverbank zones conservationists were hopeful that the wetlands could be restored.
Grand canyon Flood Future effects The pulse down the Colorado would be released from Lake Mead the largest U s. reservoir formed by the Hoover dam
and backwaters churn sediment and promote the growth of cottonwood and willow tree seeds. The purpose of the pulse flow is to improve surface water
and farms are getting smarter about water In hundreds of cities a fraction-of-an-inch of rainfall can overwhelm sewer systems and trigger the discharge of sewage into waterways.
The ocean-dwelling creatures are so unusual that an entire new taxonomic family was created to classify them scientists report today (Sept. 3) in the journal PLOS ONE.
Mysterious Ocean-Dwelling'Mushrooms'Only 18 Dendrogramma specimens exist; they were caught all in 1988 on a research ship exploring the eastern Bass Strait between Australia and Tasmania.
and sediment scooped from 3280 feet (1000 meters) below the ocean surface. After returning to shore scientists sifted through the marine life collected during the research cruise.
and their tiny hairless bodies also lack the swimming cilia that define comb jellies another type of translucent ocean blob.
Scientists have estimated that as many as 600000 new species remain undiscovered in the ocean. No genetic data exists to help place Dendrogramma in the tree of life.
and lakes that are 3. 7 to 5 miles (6 to 8 km) wide according to Woodland Park Zoo.
A vast expanse of common reed grass may be choking out a local wetland but the feathery heads of the plants catch the wind with such grace it's hard not to be captivated.
if a chupacabra (unlike Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster) has finally been caught. In Dewitt County Texas most people are convinced this is the elusive chupacabra said a reporter with KAVU News an ABC affiliate based in Victoria Texas though a wildlife biologist suggested it might be a dog or coyote.
The Vampire Beast In fact Fiction and Folklore and Lake Monster Mysteries: Investigating the World's Most Elusive Creatures.
or lake using their sensitive bills. When platypuses find something interesting like shellfish insects larvae
but it doesn't differ very much from similar species that live closer to sea level. Photos:
Wild rabbits can be found in woods forests meadows grasslands deserts tundra and wetlands. Wild rabbits create their own homes by tunneling into the ground.
or to arrest poachers saving thousands of dollars in fuel that is normally spent cruising the ocean in search of poachers.
They're coming back from the ocean into freshwater streams to breed and have absorbed already their digestive systems.
Goblin sharks live in the deep ocean more than 200 meters 660 feet down where they would never encounter a human said Chip Cotton a fisheries ecologist at Florida State university.
The only natural migrating population that still exists is a flock that spends its summers in Canada and flies down to the Texas Gulf Coast for the winter.
Today the flock has about 95 birds that spend their spring and summer in wetlands at Necedah National Wildlife Refuge and elsewhere in central Wisconsin.
Inside the C# was the Tethys Ocean and most of the rest of Earth was the Panthalassic Ocean.
Because Pangaea was so immense the interior portions of the continent had a much cooler drier climate than had existed in the Carboniferous.
Little is known about the huge Panthalassic Ocean as there is little exposed fossil evidence available. Fossils of the shallower coastal waters around the Pangaea continental shelf indicate that reefs were large and diverse ecosystems with numerous sponge
and coral species. Ammonites similar to the modern nautilus were common as were brachiopods. The lobe-finned
Lowered sea levels and volcanic fallout would account for the evidence of much higher levels of carbon dioxide in the oceans
Along the way she encountered 5500-year-old Antarctic moss 80000-year-old aspen colonies and 100000-year-old underwater meadows of sea grass.
Macqueen recommended that nobody should paddle in the sea and the main thoroughfare Union street was sprayed with disinfectant.
They focused on the Amazon of northeastern Bolivia where they had sediment cores from two lakes nearby major earthworks sites.
Ancient landscape An examination of the two cores one from the large lake Laguna Oricore and one from the smaller lake Laguna Granja revealed a surprise:
Now new research argues that this cultural gulf may stem from what those peoples'ancestors farmed.
Earlier this summer park officials recovered a drone that had crashed near a marina in Yellowstone Lake Bartlett said.
#Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Triggered Lethal Acid rain The oceans soured into a deadly sulfuric-acid stew after the huge asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs a new study suggests.
Eighty percent of the planet's species died off at the end of the Cretaceous period 65.5 million years ago including most marine life in the upper ocean as well as swimmers and drifters in lakes and rivers.
or comet impact that created the Chicxulub crater in the Gulf of mexico. A new model of the disaster finds that the impact would have inundated Earth's atmosphere with sulfur trioxide from sulfate-rich marine rocks called anhydrite vaporized by the blast.
The intense acid rainfall only spiked the upper surface of the ocean with sulfuric acid leaving the deeper waters as a refuge.
The 10 Best Ways to Destroy Earth The ocean-acidification theory has been put forth before
and into the ocean the researchers said. The tiny droplets likely stuck to pulverized silicate rock debris raining down on the planet
This plan governs the enormous estuary that connects the San Joaquin to the Pacific the Bay Delta;
it's the largest estuary on the west coast of either North or South america said Eric Wesselman executive director of the California conservation organization Friends of the River.
The estuary is a crucial habitat for fish including the economically important Chinook salmon Wesselman who was involved not in the American Rivers report told Live Science.
The water board has the power to increase flows down the San Joaquin into the estuary improving the water and habitat quality.
If the estuary collapses then these fisheries collapse Wesselman said. There are also farmers near the estuary who would prefer more water get downstream Cain added.
And 23 million Californians get drinking water from the San Joaquin and south delta. Today that supply is compromised really by the low quality
s<a href=http://www. livescience. com/11283-glaciers. html>glaciers</a>feed the scenic White river of Washington state which flows into the Puyallup River and Puget sound.
</p><p>Another White river makes the list of endangered waterways in the No. 7 spot.
</p><p>A new levee proposed by the Army Corps of Engineers would change all that cutting off water from 75000 acres of wetlands.
The Eastern wolf also known as Great lakes wolf Eastern timber wolf Algonquin wolf or deer wolf has been deemed a distinct species from their western cousins according to a review by U s. Fish and Wildlife Service scientists.
But the discovery of fossilized Agathis leaves branches and cones in the rich deposits at Argentina's Laguna del Hunco suggests the tree covered much more ground in prehistoric times.
The layers of volanic ash and lake sediments at Laguna del Hunco have turned up some other amazing ancient plants including a fossilized tomatillo and the remains of eucalyptus buds and flowers.
They focused on the western Sierra between about 6000 and 8000 feet (1800 and 2400 meters) above sea level where glaciers did not remove soil during the last ice age.
The lanternfishes congregate in an ocean region called the polar front where cold polar water meets the warmer tropical water creating a sharp temperature gradient.
Methane gas comes from natural sources such as decomposing plants in wetlands and from human activities including oil and gas production and animals and manure on farms.
when life outside of the oceans began to diversify. At the beginning of the Triassic most of the continents were concentrated in the giant C-shaped supercontinent known as Pangaea.
Late in the Triassic seafloor spreading in the Tethys Sea led to rifting between the northern and southern portions of Pangaea
The oceans had been depopulated massively by the Permian Extinction when as many as 95 percent of extant marine genera were wiped out by high carbon dioxide levels.
The mid-to late Triassic period shows the first development of modern stony corals and a time of modest reef building activity in the shallower waters of the Tethys near the coasts of Pangaea.
Early in the Triassic a group of reptiles the Order ichthyosauria returned to the ocean. Fossils of early ichthyosaurs are lizard-like
By the mid-Triassic the ichthyosaurs were dominant in the oceans. One genus Shonisaurus measured more than 50 feet long (15 meters)
#Stress Makes Antarctic Penguins Less-Attentive Parents Stress induced by changes in Antarctic sea ice may cause adult male Adã lie penguins to be less attentive to their chicks and may increase chick mortality according to a new study.
Adã lie penguins#medium-size cousins of emperor penguins common along much of the Antarctic coastline spend lots of time on sea ice searching for the krill that they feed on in the water below.
In recent years changes in the distribution of sea ice have forced the penguins to travel farther
Adã lie penguins Cope with Changing Sea Ice Conditions. Changed ice more stress As the distribution of sea ice is projected to continue to change throughout the century as climate change progresses researchers based at the University of Strasbourg in France were interested in determining how this environmental stress may impact the future population of Adã lies on the southernmost continent.
The team traveled down to the eastern coast of Antarctica to observe a colony during a breeding season from Mid-november 2009 through Mid-february 2010
But the new findings do add to the growing body of evidence suggesting penguin populations may shrink with future changes in sea ice.
But the problem in recent years would be the food availability and the sea-ice conditions in Antarctica.
Changes in sea-ice distribution hit one particular Adã lie colony hard this year: On eastern Antarctica's Petrel Island not a single chick has survived the 2013-2014 summer season among the 20000 breeding pairs that live there Thierry said.
North and West Frisian spoken around the Rhine estuary; and Danish primarily spoken in the area along the Danish border.
</p><p>Pacific gray whales migrate thousands of miles from cold plankton-rich Arctic waters to relatively nutrient-poor tropical lagoons off of the coast of Mexico where they give birth.
Green sea turles (Chelonia myadis) on the other hand are herbivores that feed on algae and seagrasses. A freshwater turtle's diet is varied
and life in the dark oceans was driven nearly to extinction. Yet somewhere in the midst of this two-headed crisis a new and more complex form of life emerged:
and other effects that were devastating for most land plants and animals and much of life in the sea.
and the efforts under way to preserve the Gulf Coast. And the United nations'environmental voice the U n. Environment Programme is using Google technology to explore the Earth's changing landscape
The baby mammoth was likely crossing a frozen lake with her mother when she crashed through the ice
Rob Robbins and Steve Rupp have been diving under the Antarctic sea ice for a combined 60 years.
above an old mulberry couch a map labeled Ross Sea Soundings in Fathom and Feet;
Man in the Sea Volumes I & II; Mixed Gas Diving; and the Antarctica Scientific Diving Manual which includes this advice:
Beneath 10 feet of sea ice is a wildly colorful dense and ever-changing aquatic landscape
and they may not have the capacity to adapt to our swiftly escalating ocean temperatures and acidification of the water.
a tiny heated shed plopped on top of a large hole drilled in the middle of the Ross Sea ice.
which simulate the best-and worst-case scenarios for ocean warming and acidification forecasted for the next century.
In the past 200 years the ocean has absorbed 50 percent of our skyrocketing carbon emissions and even if we hugely curb our destructive output the ocean is headed still for a record change in temperature and chemical makeup.
Todgham and her team want to know how the combination of warming and acidity will impact these fragile fish
Somewhere below the sea ice as we dug into our mashed potatoes and green beans hundreds of dragonfish mothers stood guarding their eggs dedicated and hardworking guardians of the next generation.*
or wedge into the ocean with volcanoes Chiappe said. It was a moist temperate forest mostly of conifer trees and gingkos with dry hot summers and pretty cold winters.
Lakes in the region held fish frogs and salamanders. It was uncertain what Changyuraptor ate
#Massive Antarctic Glacier Uncontrollably Retreating, Study Suggests The glacier that contributes more to sea level rise than any other glacier on Antarctica has hit a tipping point of uncontrollable retreat
which would raise average global sea level by between 10 and 16 feet (3 and 5 meters).
As it slips into the ocean the glacier's ice shelf#the part that floats on water
Last year an iceberg larger than the city of Chicago broke off into the surrounding Amundsen Sea.'
Their models suggest that this would cause the glacier to uncontrollably retreat about 25 miles (40 kilometers) over the next several decades potentially raising global sea levels by more than 0. 4 inches (1 centimeter.
#Tomatoes Watered by the Sea: Sprouting a New Way of Farming (Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.
At the top of the Spencer Gulf near Port Augusta in South australia Sundrop Farms is turning sunlight and seawater into fresh water and food inside greenhouses.
ocean explorers Sylvia Earle and Walter Munk; retired NASA astronaut Franklin Chang DÃ az; and planetary scientist Maria Zuber.
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky the 19th-century Russian composer is renowned world for Swan Lake and the 1812 Overture among other pieces.
#Nearly 600 Years of Tree Rings Show Altered Ocean Habitat Ocean currents that deliver important nutrients to shallow coastal waters have become weaker and more variable over the last half-century
Researchers pieced together this long-term look at ocean trends from an unlikely source: tree rings. Coastal upwelling happens
when winter winds lift deep nutrient-rich waters up to the shallow layers of the sea.
The Wonders of the Deep Sea But the weather pattern that causes the coastal upwelling also blocks storms from coming ashore.
so they live in and around lagoons or lakes. These bodies of water tend to be saline or alkaline.
and orange while lesser flamingos of the drought-plagued Lake Nakuru in central Kenya tend to be a paler pink.
To eat flamingos will stir up the bottom of the lake with their feet and duck their beaks down into the mud and water to catch their meal.
In 2011 the Dollar Lake fire burned more than 6000 acres (about 2400 hectares) of the Mount Hood National Forest.
Varner a doctoral student in biology at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City was unaware of the fire until she returned to her field site on Pinnacle Ridge in 2012 and discovered it was destroyed.
According to satellite data and the U s. Forest Service the Dollar Lake fire hit the slope between Sept. 11
In 1979 when I was fending off mosquitoes at the Continental divide the official National park service estimate was down to 75 glaciers
Scientists think the shrinking glacier could raise global sea level by up to 0. 4 inches (10 millimeters) in the next few decades.
and its flow to the sea has sped up. The glacier's grounding line the point at
warm ocean water melting the ice shelf that holds the glacier back like a buttress. Ice shelves are the portions of glaciers that float on the water.
Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Is Rifting Before Pine Island Glacier starting shrinking about 8000 years ago there was a large ice shelf in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.
when warmer ocean waters melted it from below. The same scenario plays out today with warm ocean currents melting the bottom of Antarctic ice shelves studies show.
when playing in the sea than at other times perhaps because they are more conspicuous and less vigilant.
In 2013 scientists discovered evidence that this delayed response actually happened a layer of volcanic ash from an eruption in Iceland found in ancient mud on the floor of Lake Meerfelder Maar in western Germany.
and his colleagues analyzed more sediment from Lake Meerfelder Maar. They examined the organic remains of land
Rapid change Prior studies found that 170 years after the onset of cooling North Atlantic winter sea ice reached southward enough to channel dry polar air into Western europe
Around 500 bighorn sheep can be found on Tiburã n Island in the Gulf of california today but that population descends from a group of animals brought there by conservationists in 1975.
We hypothesize that isolation of the prehistoric Tiburã n bighorn sheep population resulting from sea level rise combined with subsequent drivers that act on small populations including inbreeding overharvesting by hunters
Colorado river Reaches Gulf (Photos) For the first time in 16 years freshwater from the Colorado river has flowed into the salty waters of the Gulf of california.
On Thursday (May 15) a high tide surged past a stubborn sandbar and connected the river with the Sea of Cortez said Francisco Zamora director of the Colorado river Delta Legacy Program for the Sonoran Institute.
Because of water use upstream little flow from the 1450-mile Colorado river 2330 kilometers has reached the sea in 50 years.
Zamora watched the high tides make the final link between river and sea last week via a pilot channel dug by the Sonoran Institute to increase freshwater flow into the Gulf of california.
The freshwater comes from agricultural runoff and releases from wastewater treatment plants. The seawater ran north through the Rio Hardy a series of swampy wetlands and mudflats that drains 15 miles (24 km) downstream into Gulf waters.
Images: Colorado river Connects With Sea The reunion is the end of a 53-day journey for the long-planned Colorado river pulse flow an artificial flood meant to restore the river's parched delta.
The water comes from an international agreement called Minute 319. The plan allocates about 1 percent of the river's flow to a five-year experiment that will mimic spring floods in the delta.
if the water would enter the Gulf or remain in the river's broad delta.
This pulse flow opens the door for new possibilities for restoring riparian and estuary habitats.
cottonwood and willow forests along with wetlands thick with cattail marshes. The flood was timed for the spring seed release from these trees to provide moist ground for seedlings.
Though the amount of water reaching the estuary habitat where river mixes with sea will likely be said small Zamora it could help the hundreds of bird species who nest in the Gulf
and perhaps even restore some species that had vanished from the estuary. I think everyone is excited very about the opportunities Zamora said.
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