The clustering shows that nations generally do not trade broadly worldwide. Nations that import maize primarily from only one other nation may be vulnerable to any changes in their exporters'ability to produce
and windpipes created from stem cells this is the first time 3d printing has been used to treat tracheobronchomalacia--at least in a human.
researchers to test 3d printed bioresorbable airway splints in porcine or pig animal models with severe life-threatening tracheobronchomalacia.
and a 3d CAD program to design and print the splints. These devices were made from an FDA-approved material called polycaprolactone
The glaciologist and her team used the high resolution radar images of the DLR earth observation satellite Terrasar-X to observe the progress of the two cracks
#Flash memory: Silicon oxide memories transcend a hurdlea Rice university laboratory pioneering memory devices that use cheap plentiful silicon oxide to store data has pushed them a step further with chips that show the technology's practicality.
The team led by Rice chemist James Tour has built a 1-kilobit rewritable silicon oxide device with diodes that eliminate data-corrupting crosstalk.
With gigabytes of flash memory becoming steadily cheaper a 1k nonvolatile memory unit has little practical use.
But as a proof of concept the chip shows it should be possible to surpass the limitations of flash memory in packing density energy consumption per bit
The circuits require only two terminals instead of three as in most memory chips. The crossbar memories built by the Rice lab are flexible resist heat
which would allow higher density information storage than conventional two-state memory systems. The devices dubbed one diode-one resistor (1d-1r) worked especially well
In a (1r) crossbar structure with just the memory material if we made 1024 cells only about 63 cells would work individually.
From the engineering side of this integrating diodes into a 1k memory array is no small feat Tour said.
From the very last 45 minutes of the hatching process two videos were produced using the real-time MRI technology termed FLASH 2 and powerful graphics processing computers.
However we do not yet have sufficient computing power to operate the complex Earth System Models needed for such probabilistic simulations.
Camphuysen has equipped also gulls with a GPS data logger so as to be able to see where they look for food.
Prior research has demonstrated that the MB is associated with learning and memory especially in relation to the sense of smell also known as olfaction.
This confluence of sensory input in the MB is important for memory formation which comes about through a linking of different types of information.
It is the sparseness of the signals in the Kenyon cell neurons that makes studying memory formation in flies
and memory with regard to smell Turner says. In particular Turner's group wanted to see if they could link these signals with actual behavior in flies.
#Unzipped nanotubes unlock potential for batteriesresearchers at Rice university have come up with a new way to boost the efficiency of the ubiquitous lithium ion (LI) battery by employing ribbons of graphene that start as carbon nanotubes.
Proof-of-concept anodes--the part of the battery that stores lithium ions--built with graphene nanoribbons (GNRS)
After 50 charge-discharge cycles the test units retained a capacity that was still more than double that of the graphite currently used for LI battery anodes.
Better batteries are desired greatly by everyone who carries a cellphone or computer or drives an electric car.
One area ripe for improvement is the humble battery. In an increasingly mobile world battery capacity is becoming a bottleneck that generally limits devices to less than a day's worth of use.
In the new experiments the Rice lab mixed graphene nanoribbons and tin oxide particles about 10 nanometers wide in a slurry with a cellulose gum binder and a bit of water spread it on a current collector
and encased it in a button-style battery. GNRS are a single atom thick and thousands of times longer than they are wide.
GNRS could also help overcome a prime difficulty with LI battery development. Lithium ions tend to expand the material they inhabit
GNRS take a different approach by giving batteries a degree of flexibility Tour said. Graphene nanoribbons make a terrific framework that keeps the tin oxide nanoparticles dispersed
Lin said the lab plans to build batteries with other metallic nanoparticles to test their cycling and storage capacities.
and attach a battery that starts the flow of the electrons. The current goes around the loop Then
The national data storage system was stretched to the limit and there were many other practical problems that had to be solved along the way to pull through the project.
when it comes to the analysis of big data sets. This significant work will certainly challenge the community of evolutionary biologists to rethink how best to reconstruct phylogeny said Michael F. Whiting program director of systematics
when it comes to the analysis of big data sets. This significant work will certainly challenge the community of evolutionary biologists to rethink how best to reconstruct phylogeny said Michael F. Whiting program director of systematics
#Data storage: Synchronized at the write timenumerical simulations show how to avoid imperfections in the next generation of high-density data storage.
The rise of the internet and the move from paper to digital information has driven a need for large-volume electronic data storage.
Maria Yu Lin and her co workers at the A*STAR Data storage Institute Singapore have established now some important design principles to consider
when developing bit patterned media recording (BPMR)--a potential high-density magnetic recording system of the future.
however this information reduces the capacity of the disk for data storage. Lin and co-workers used computer simulations to theoretically analyze the optimum number of the synchronization sectors.
The A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Data storage Institutestory Source The above story is provided based on materials by The Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR.
and apples apartswedish and Spanish engineers have created a system of sensors that detects fruit odours more effectively than the human sense of smell.
Researchers from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV Spain) and the University of Gävle (Sweden) have created an electronic nose with 32 sensors that can identify the odours given off by chopped pears and apples.
which reaches the tower with the sensors which are metal oxide semiconductors that detect odorous compounds such as methane
This study which is published in the'Sensors and Actuators A'journal is the starting point for new research the team is involved already in to develop multisensor systems that increase the capacity to differentiate complex mixtures of volatile substances.
Studies suggest that the nicotine-like compounds fry bees'navigation systems and leave them unable to learn
and other laboratories around the world had previously been under the radar--known only to a small group of plant biologists
In a paper to be published in May the joint team will announce a record-breaking simulation speed of 504 billion events per second on LLNL's Sequoia Blue Gene/Q supercomputer dwarfing the previous record set in 2009
Constructed by IBM the 120-rack Sequoia supercomputer has a peak performance of 25 petaflops per second
and is the second fastest supercomputer in the world with a total speed and capacity equivalent to about one million desktop PCS.
Prior to the record-setting experiment a preliminary scaling study was conducted at the Rensselaer supercomputing center the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI.
This is an exciting time to be working in high performance computing as we explore the petascale and move aggressively toward exascale computing Carothers said.
which are sorted by robots and fingerprinted on sequencing machines and pseudochromosomal molecules are reassembled using powerful computers and algorithms.
He said the ideal next step in the research would be to partner with local school districts to teach parents a battery of parenting strategies that can be used to curtail teen misbehaviors.
The scientists also tested the Mosoy catalyst anchored on sheets of graphene--an approach that has proven effective for enhancing catalyst performance in electrochemical devices such as batteries supercapacitors fuel cells and water electrolyzers.
and signposting the more dangerous sections Lagos believes that the creation of GPS -and mobile phone-based systems to warn drivers as they approach risk zones may be a more efficient system in Galicia and in the rest of Europe.
The vast amount of data generated through large-scale DNA sequencing required supercomputing resources for analysis. The result is the largest and most comprehensive studies of fish phylogeny to date.
These have found for instance that orientation relies on place cells--neurons located in the hippocampus a part of the brain involved in memory especially spatial memory.
which tracked wild fruit bats using miniature GPS devices. One of the discoveries was that when bats arrive at a fruit tree they fly around it utilizing the full volume of space surrounding the tree.
navigation spatial memory and spatial perception. To a large extent this is due to the development of innovative technology that allowed the first glimpse into the brain of a flying animal.
We attached GPS transmitters to these birds that collect location data Kessler says. These transmitters relay the datasets to a satellite system
Once captured and anesthetized the lions'sex was determined they were weighed measured fit with an ear tag and a collar with a GPS transmitter.
and monitored remote cameras at 44 scrape locations and documented males and females which confirmed GPS data from the pumas'collars.
They visited 224 GPS clusters where activities suggested a feeding site and located prey remains at 115 sites.
#Chimpanzees use botanical skills to discover fruitfruit-eating animals are known to use their spatial memory to relocate fruit yet it is unclear how they manage to find fruit in the first place.
#NASA flies radar south on wide-ranging expeditiona versatile NASA airborne imaging radar system is showcasing its broad scientific prowess for studying our home planet during a month-long
A NASA C-20a piloted aircraft carrying the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) is wrapping up studies over the U s. Gulf Coast Arizona and Central and South america.
UAVSAR uses a technique called interferometry that sends microwave energy pulses from the sensor on the aircraft to the ground.
The radar'S l-band microwaves can penetrate clouds and the tops of forests making it valuable for studying cloud-covered tropical environments and mapping flooded ecosystems.
Another study site in Argentina will be overflown by both UAVSAR and The argentine sensor SARAT as part of a collaboration between research scientist Thomas Jackson of the U s. Department of agriculture and Argentina's Comision Nacional
The radar also is imaging the northern coastal Peruvian desert where the Moche culture lived almost 2000 years ago.
and data GPS data Google earth data and his own months-long work in the region Washam found that his study area in the Grand canyon is being safeguarded and protected.
and Dr Sally Williamson at Newcastle University who found that combinations of these same pesticides affected learning and memory in bees.
or performed poorly in memory tests. Again the experiments mimicked levels that could be seen in the wild this time by feeding a sugar solution mixed with appropriate levels of pesticides.
#Super batteries? Hybrid ribbons a gift for powerful batterieshybrid ribbons of vanadium oxide (VO2) and graphene may accelerate the development of high-power lithium-ion batteries suitable for electric cars and other demanding applications.
The Rice university lab of materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan determined that the well-studied material is a superior cathode for batteries that could supply both high energy density and significant power density.
The research appears online this month in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters. The ribbons created at Rice are thousands of times thinner than a sheet of paper yet have potential that far outweighs current materials for their ability to charge
This is the direction battery research is going not only for something with high energy density but also high power density Ajayan said.
It's somewhere between a battery and a supercapacitor. The ribbons also have the advantage of using relatively abundant and cheap materials.
and in fact vanadium pentoxide has been used in lithium-ion batteries for its special structure and high capacity.
and lead author Shubin Yang said they believe that to be among the best overall performance ever seen for lithium-ion battery electrodes.
We think this is real progress in the development of cathode materials for high-power lithium-ion batteries Ajayan said suggesting the ribbons'ability to be dispersed in a solvent might make them suitable as a component in the paintable batteries developed in his lab. Co-authors of the new paper are Rice graduate students
Shengkai Pan bioinformatics expert from BGI said The two falcon genomes are the first predatory bird genome published.
#Record simulations conducted on Lawrence Livermore supercomputerresearchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have performed record simulations using all 1572864 cores of Sequoia the largest supercomputer in the world.
It also is No. 2 on the list of the world's fastest supercomputers operating at 16.3 petaflops (16.3 quadrillion floating point operations per second.
High performance computers such as Sequoia enable these codes to follow the simultaneous evolution of tens of billions to trillions of individual particles in highly complex systems.
The combination of this unique supercomputer and this highly efficient and scalable code is allowing for transformative research.
battery electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf; hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles such as the Mercedes F-Cell scheduled to be introduced about 2014;
These vehicles also rely on batteries which are projected to drop steeply in price. However the report says that limited range
Advanced battery technologies under development all face serious technical challenges. When hydrogen is used as a fuel cell in electric vehicles the only vehicle emission is water.
Fuel cell vehicles are not subject to the limitations of battery vehicles but developing a hydrogen infrastructure in concert with a growing number of fuel cell vehicles will be difficult and expensive the report says.
Matt Conrad a student in Johnson's lab used three-dimensional visualization software on over 200 images to manually segment each region on three planes.
and recent evidence suggests this may ultimately affect learning and memory ability in their children.
what is known as a memory pool the mechanism by which the immune system recognizes a pathogen to
in case of autoimmune disorders such as diabetes or lupus it might be possible to attenuate the immune response by blocking the formation of a memory pool.
They fitted each cow with an intravaginal sensor to measure core body temperature. They also fitted each cow with a special leg sensor to measure the angle of the leg
and track whether the cow was standing or lying. After comparing data from cows in Arizona California
#Untangling lifes originsresearchers in the Evolutionary Bioinformatics Laboratory at the University of Illinois in collaboration with German scientists have been using bioinformatics techniques to probe the world of proteins for answers to questions about the origins of life.
They then used bioinformatics techniques to compare them to each other on a time scale to determine
Publishing in Science researchers have shown that caffeine improves a honeybee's memory and could help the plant recruit more bees to spread its pollen.
Shiv Ram Dubey and Anand Singh Jalal of GLA University in Mathura India have developed an automated image processing system that not only quickly distinguishes between oranges
and vegetables so that the image analysis software can assign common features to a database. The process involves photographing an image of the different fruits removing the background
It also maintains the National Invasive Species Information center. Noxious weeds on federal or state lists and invasive weeds are defined generally as plants with adverse social economic or ecological effects.
in scheduling image processing online product recommendation network analysis and scientific computing to name just a few. Only in 2004 did researchers first propose an algorithm that solved graph Laplacians in nearly linear time meaning that the algorithm's running time didn't increase exponentially with the size of the problem.
His main tool is open-source 3d printing which he uses to save thousands of dollars by making everything from his lab equipment to his safety razor.
which now holds over 54000 open-source designs 3d printers make all manner of objects by laying down thin layers of plastic in a specific pattern.
While high-end printers can cost many thousands of dollars simpler open-source units run between $250
and $500--and can be used to make parts for other 3d printers driving the cost down ever further.
Though vastly less expensive than most manufactured products the plastic filament that 3d printers transform into useful objects isn't free.
But if you could turn them into plastic filament Pearce reasoned you could solve the disposal problem and drive down the cost of 3d printing even more.
Their process is open-source and free for everyone to make and use at Thingiverse. com. The process isn't perfect.
which is not ideal for 3d printing. HDPE is a little more challenging to print with Pearce says.
With more experimentation the results would be even better he says. 3d printing is where computers were in the 1970s.
Recyclebots and 3d printers have all kinds of applications but they would be especially useful in areas where shopping malls are few and far between Pearce believes.
Concerned that previous estimates were targeting some areas where land is not marginal the scientists did the calculations using data obtained through crowdsourcing
These kinds of adaptations of existing structures are common in natural history notes Robert Berwick a co-author of the paper who is a professor of computational linguistics in MIT's Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems in the Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science.
Their research based on a massive data set unique to Houston is due to be published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation.
The researchers'findings are scheduled to be published in the April issue of the Journal of Bionic Engineering.
The K-State team is expanding its research into this new technology developing more robust models using different types of sensors adding genotypes
Also this summer the team members plan to test the use of aerial sensors in addition to the ground-based sensors.
Electronic cigarettes also known as e-cigs are operated battery devices that produce a vaporized or aerosolized nicotine--known to be addictive
Zno is used widely in sunscreen products as gas sensors antibacterial agents optical and electrical devices and as pigments.
and oil cracking processes and is used also in gas sensors sunscreen products and cosmetic creams.
Even using statistical shortcuts processing these images was still so intense that a supercomputer was required to reduce the time to a practical level.
In their Nature Methods paper the researchers offer other scientists the tools they need to use an easier alternative-the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon Elastic EC2) a service that provides access to supercomputing via the Internet
The method uses a cluster analysis to investigate the effects of ozone and greenhouse gas on several different observed wind patterns.
Computations were performed on the National Science Foundation-funded Data analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure at Rice along with resources at the National Institute for Computational Sciences and the DOE's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center.
The research using Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite transmitters to track the movements of adolescent vultures is published in the journal PLOS ONE.
five for 200 days and one for 101 days) across southern Africa using GPS tracking units
#Researchers break million-core supercomputer barrierstanford Engineering's Center for Turbulence Research (CTR) has set a new record in computational science by successfully using a supercomputer with more than one million computing cores to solve a complex fluid
Sequoia once topped list of the world's most powerful supercomputers boasting 1572864 compute cores (processors)
and 1. 6 petabytes of memory connected by a high-speed five-dimensional torus interconnect. Because of Sequoia's impressive numbers of cores Nichols was able to show for the first time that million-core fluid dynamics simulations are possible
Only recently with the advent of massive supercomputers boasting hundreds of thousands of computing cores have engineers been able to model jet engines
CFD simulations test all aspects of a supercomputer. The waves propagating throughout the simulation require a carefully orchestrated balance between computation memory and communication.
Supercomputers like Sequoia divvy up the complex math into smaller parts so they can be computed simultaneously.
The more cores you have the faster and more complex the calculations can be. And yet despite the additional computing horsepower the difficulty of the calculations only becomes more challenging with more cores.
A homecomingthe current simulations were a homecoming of sorts for Nichols. He was inspired to pursue a career in supercomputing as a high-school student
Back then he worked on the Cray Y-MP one of the fastest supercomputers of its time.
The scientists used a big data approach to hunt down interactions between gene variants previously associated with increased risk for type-2 diabetes
An international research team led by Sassan Saatchi of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. analyzed more than a decade of satellite microwave radar data collected between 2000 and 2009 over Amazonia.
In contrast Quikscat's scatterometer radar was able to see through the clouds and penetrate into the top few meters of vegetation providing daily measurements of the forest canopy structure
Areas of drought-damaged forest produced a lower radar signal than the signals collected over healthy forest areas indicating either that the forest canopy is drier
and other biofuels or using photovoltaics (PV) to directly power battery electric vehicles (BEV)? The energy source for biofuels is the sun through photosynthesis he says.
life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel requirements--the researchers identified PV electricity for battery electric vehicles as the superior sun-to-wheels conversion method.
They then used a supercomputer to identify and model biomass production that could grow enough feedstock to support a local biorefinery with a capacity of at least 24 million gallons per year.
Studying big areas over many years means handling big data sets and figuring out how to get all the data to work together for meaningful comparisons.
as long as you had the computing power to handle it. Not that long ago the size of an individual Landsat scene would have crippled most desk top computers says Doug Morton a physical scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md. who uses Landsat
and Kennedy's new technique for creating single visualizations out of millions of bits of data from hundreds of Landsat images has revealed not just the patchwork of fire scars and clear cuts
Piface devices sit on top of the Raspberry Pi to control the real world--powering motors controlling robots triggering cameras
and using sensor networks. With the Pi they have all the capabilities of a computer but are more flexible
Todd Mockler Ph d. Geraldine and Robert Virgil Distinguished Investigator and Doug Bryant Ph d. director of the bioinformatics core facility have developed algorithms
#New records set for silicon quantum computingtwo research teams working in the same laboratories at UNSW Australia have found distinct solutions to a critical challenge that has held back the realisation of super powerful quantum computers.
The teams created two types of quantum bits or qubits--the building blocks for quantum computers--that each process quantum data with an accuracy above 99%.
For quantum computing to become a reality we need to operate the bits with very low error rates says Scientia Professor Andrew Dzurak who is Director of the Australian National Fabrication Facility at UNSW where the devices were made.
We've now come up with two parallel pathways for building a quantum computer in silicon each
Large quantum computers are expected to consist of many thousands or millions of qubits and may integrate both natural and artificial atoms.
That done the 3d printer heated and spun plastic cord into the delicate thread to create the costume elements for the witchy wardrobe.
and how complicated a design is 3d printing may take 20 minutes to a couple hours.
The 3d printer is rapidly becoming part of the designer tool bag. While students still need to learn traditional drawing
and Basic Research to Enable Agriculture Development (BREAD) the Howard Buffett Foundation the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the Center for Data analytics at Georgia Tech.
In a computer game Krause asked them to lift up a platform carrying a few or many pieces of fruit by pressing a button.
The breakthrough in morphology control should have widespread use in solar cells batteries and vertical transistors he adds.
We envision that our nanopillar solar cells will appeal to low-end energy applications such as gadgets toys sensors and short lifetime disposable devices.
and when using a robot milking system in the worst-case scenario when a cow has failed to enter the robot for milking
or when it has failed several milking attempts in its history. Kauppi's doctoral dissertation sought to identify critical points in cow behaviour pointing to deterioration in the cow's health.
The study also investigated alterations in cow behaviour in relation to successful completion of robotic milking procedure as well as in dairy management practices
#Graphene imperfections key to creating hypersensitive electronic noseresearchers have discovered a way to create a highly sensitive chemical sensor based on the crystalline flaws in graphene sheets.
But Salehi-Khojin and his colleagues showed that these imperfections are important to the working of graphene-based gas sensors.
Researchers have been trying to develop a highly sensitive and robust sensor for decades said UIC postdoctoral fellow Bijandra Kumar a co-author on the paper.
We can easily fabricate chip-scale sensor arrays using these grain boundaries for real-world use.
and would make an ideal sensor. Other co-authors are Reza Hantehzadeh Artem Baskin Nikita Repnin Canhui Wang and Robert Klie of UIC and Morteza Kayyalha and Yong Chen of Purdue University.
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