The genetic mechanism is the same for all life. Sovereign individuals not governmentsbut before it was hatched that egg was a probabilistic uncertainty.
so its going to have to settle with a member of another already existing species. This is an unavoidable roadblock for evolution this new bird's genetic material is added merely to that of an existing species where evolution requires it branches off on it's own.
and even now should see more genetic variation. Yet despite significantly greater pressure to survive they don't.
If you ignore that environmental pressures don't make genetic mutations that almost all genetic mutations are very bad
which means its not another species. When it all comes down to it a change has to be made that makes the animal not able to reproduce with the previous genetic set up.
still have the genetic traits of the sabertooth and have seen in their evolution rise of the resurgent sabertooth.
me how anyone denies biological evolution as a fact an obvious one at this point in time.
A new paper published today in the journal Current Biology theorizes that today's natural predators (like the Ford f-150) are causing birds to adapt.
It's called survival of the fittest who then pass on their genes to surviving generations. If those birds are quicker--maybe by shorter wings
and pass their mutated genes to their offspring adding new traits into the gene pool.
@tundrasea genetic variations within a species (revealed by natural selection) is a far cry different then one species changing into another.
and side with shadow it's not a fad at all Wheat sucks becaus of generations of genetic enigeering to wheat The number of people diagnosed with Celiac disease is skyrocketing The gluten free market a couple years ago was worth half a million
and hepatitis where liver tissue has been replaced largely by scar tissue. Multiple studies have shown that coffee can lower the risk of cirrhosis by as much as 80%the strongest effect for those who drank 4 or more cups per day (23 24 25.
and humans they mapped the DNA sequences on an evolutionary family tree for primates going back 60 million years estimating what genes could have looked like for extinct primate ancestors.
We'll be able to evaluate it with better evidence as we find more fossils from that time period biological anthropologist Jeremy Desilva told Science News. Still this is a good enough excuse to add drinking back into your Paleolithic diet.
See human genome project as an example...We learned the genes in the body and now have a good understanding of how they cause disease
and are creating therapies such as enzyme replacement and gene silencing/overexpression to treat these. Stop being paranoid scientists are not elitists...
We are little kids who still have the passion to ask why not. You should too.
and deeper the challenges fruits and risks of multi-billion dollar programs such as the Human genome Project and now the Brain activity Map require much deeper scrutiny.
because personal genomics and different environments have a huge impact on brain development and fine structure.
0) cleary u folks do not understand the contribution of projects like this and the human genome project.
Human genome project cost 3 billion dollars and returned 800 billion to the US economy through various ways.
Been a fan of genome mapping from it's inception. Clearly we know who gave us genome it wasn't Obama he gave us Solynda.
PS: Its refreshing to once again have a president in charge with big visions...nice...let me know how that works out for you.:
By the way there are trillions of different critters bugs bacteria virus yeast and molds in the environment and yes birds bugs and animals dodo on our food too.
Tom Gilbert a geneticist at the University of Copenhagen has found that leeches are a great way to track down rare creatures.
While thereã¢Â#Â#s little doubt that a personã¢Â#Â#s experiences and learned behaviors have a huge impact on their disposition it is also now widely accepted that genes
When we translate material things from genes to jet planes into numbers we can analyze and manipulate them far more easily.
Talk against genetically modified crops and you immediately get assaulted by shills for the New world Order insisting So you want to see billions of people starve?
While Europe is building a massive Supergrid (much of it with DC lines) for it`s solar wind and bio energy transports.
In 1959 a Soviet geneticist named Dmitry K. Belyaev began somewhat secretively experimenting with breeding domesticated foxes.
More than five decades thousands of foxes and one collapse of the Soviet union later the program continues at The Institute of Cytology and Genetics at Novosibirsk Siberia.
Domestication is actually change at the genetic level: an animal repeatedly breeds either through intentional human effort
I am biologist who grew up and lives in Montana. This is a serious important discussion that we need to have here.
#Herd Of Secret Drug Goats Discovered At Biotech Ranchlet's say you're a giant biotech company in sunny California
and sell to biological researchers all over the world. You are in fact one of the world's biggest suppliers of these antibodies--a true industry leader.
When the real-life company Santa cruz Biotechnology found themselves in this position they went with option number two.
which made it obvious to everyone that the staff on the Santa cruz Biotechnology ranch had been blatantly lying
or a suspended license for their violations of animal welfare and for lying to the USDA but an even bigger problem (for Santa cruz Biotechnology) may come from the NIH who currently exempts off-the-shelf antibodies from the set of animal treatment rules that governs NIH-funded research.
If the NIH decides to change that rule Santa cruz Biotechnology may soon long for the simple days of USDA oversight. via Nature Liars should not prosper especially by breaking the law and
and inside the peach and the length of time of their journey they should all die from some kind of strange virus. Side note we are all nitpicking...
The Greatest Genomes Sequenced In 2012click to launch the photo galleryclick to launch the photo galleryin the 10 years
since the complete human genome was published molecular biologists have been hard at work unraveling the genomic codes of multitudes of life forms.
Did you know the domesticated watermelon has about as many genes as you do? In 2012 genome researchers sequenced the DNA of an unborn human baby the western lowland gorilla fruits and grains and livestock.
Click through our gallery to see the highlights. in 30%of the genome gorilla is closer to human
or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other. from a nature article on the gorilla genome...
which puts some of the traditional tree of life in a hard spot t
#Free To Good Home: 145 Wild Bisonthe America bison (whose scientific name we re delighted to report is used Bison bison bison to roam across the prairies by the millions
Those tests were performed in a biosafety level 3 greenhouse a precaution that was meant to protect not the human researchers who aren't susceptible to the diseases studied in the greenhouse but all of the plants outside of it.
which a species is susceptible to certain pathogens based on its genetics. The model is used a widely one for checking
what species a biological control agent living thing meant to kill weeds or pests ill affect.
These tropical forests are also important biodiversity hot spots that support incredible wildlife. Shinta Widjaja Kamdani of the Indonesian Chamber of commerce tells the press that this pledge is not just about signatures on a page
which aren treated t with chemicals and other additives for protection. AST has been nominated (along with 16 other contestants) for a Securing Water for Food award by the U s. Agency for International Development.
Now a new in depth study of the genetics of H3n2v in swine and humans in Ohio shows the epidemiological studies were right.
Samples of flu viruses taken from pigs and from people in Ohio during the 2012 outbreak were genetically close to one another according to the study
which influenza viruses evolve. Swine are susceptible to avian human and swine flus and these virus can circulate inside pigs for varying lengths of time with no signs of illness.
This makes them great meet-markets for flu viruses to exchange genetic material. The H1n1 flu that reached pandemic proportions in 2009 first spent some time circulating among pigs in Asia Europe and North america.
Luckily H3n2v doesn't readily move between people which limits its ability to spread. People mostly catch it directly from swine.
The study did find the virus was pretty widespread. Out of 40 unnamed fairs where researchers swabbed piggy noses 10 had more than one animal that carried H3n2v.
A nasty virus that causes severe diarrhea in pigs has killed off an estimated 5-10 percent of pigs in the United states causing prices to rise dramatically.
The virus is incredibly unlikely to spread to humans and pork is still safe to eat
Yet most people have no biological reaction to eating livestock which makes the tickborne meat allergy so surprising.
#Can Biohackers Succeed At Making'Real Vegan Cheese'?'A group of Oakland California-based biohackers believe they can create real vegan cheese.
Their goal-a cheese made with no animal products that fully evokes the real dairy deal has struck a nerve:
The biohackers then extract that protein from the yeast and combine it with water vegetable butter and vegan sugar (instead of lactose) to make a milk substitute.
But synthetic biologist and writer Christina Agapakis a postdoctoral research fellow at University of California Los angeles thinks Real Vegan Cheese could work.
The project is likely to encounter the same technical and economic hurdles as any biotech endeavor in scaling up to mass production
so that they have genes from a soil bacteria called Bacillus thuringiensis. The genes produce crystalline chemicals that kill insect larvae when they eat it.
A larva that chows down on a Bt-crystal-producing GM plant soon stops eating.
whether you use genetic engineering or plain old spraying. The rising Bt resistance means that farmers will likely ramp up their insecticide use.
#MERS Virus May be Able To Spread Through The Air Research strongly suggests that camels carry Middle east Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) a viral illness that has sickened nearly 700
A study published in the journal mbio found the virus in an air sample taken from a camel barn near Jeddah Saudi arabia.
The genetic signature of the virus was identical to that found in the sick camels and the owner who came down with MERS a week after administering a topical medicine to his camels'runny noses.
which were 100 percent identical with the viral genomic sequence detected from a camel actively shedding the virus in the same barn on the same day warrants further investigations
and measures to prevent possible airborne transmission of this deadly virus said study lead author Esam Azhar a virologist at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah.
The finding implies that virus could possibly be spread in enclosed spaces such as hospitals and therefore further studies are needed urgently the scientists wrote.
and looked for the DNA found in MERS viruses on three consecutive days. They only found the virus one of the days the same day that one of the camels tested positive for MERS.
This suggests that MERS may not last long in the air which would be welcome news. In May the CDC reported the first case of a man getting the MERS virus in the United states without traveling to the Middle east
--though luckily the man didn't appear to have symptoms and wasn't considered contagious. s
Earlier this month a federal court indicted a Chinese national for trying to steal GMO corn technology from Dupont Monsanto and Agreliant Genetics.
The sequences of parent plants'genes represent some of the companies'most important intellectual property.
To make Arctic apples biologists took genes from Granny smith and Golden delicious varieties modified them to suppress the enzyme that causes browning
Biologists also introduce genes to make plants pest-and herbicide-resistant; those traits dominate the more than 430 million acres of GMO crops that have already been planted globally.
Humans have been manipulating the genes of crops for millennia by selectively breeding plants with desirable traits.
and incorporate it into the genome of the same species or a second one. They do this by either using bacteria to deliver the new genetic material or by shooting tiny DNA-coated metal pellets into plant cells with a gene gun.
While scientists can't control exactly where the foreign DNA will land they can repeat the experiment until they get a genome with the right information in the right place.
That process allows for greater precision. With GMOS we know the genetic information we are using we know where it goes in the genome
and we can see if it is near an allergen or a toxin or if it is going to turn another gene off says Peggy G. Lemaux a plant biologist at the University of California Berkeley.
That is not true when you cross widely different varieties in traditional breeding. One frequently cited study published in 2012 by researchers from the University of Caen in France claimed that one of Monsanto's corn GMOS caused tumors in lab rats.
According to Wayne Parrott a crop geneticist at the University of Georgia the risk for neighboring farms is relatively low.
Genes that help wild plants survive might spread whereas those that say boost Vitamin a content might remain at low levels
Very few genetically modified crops end up on plates but the ones that do can be found in roughly two-thirds of processed foods sold in the U s. Genetically modified bacteria
Traditionally cheesemakers use rennet from the lining of cow stomachs to get their chymosin ut an estimated 80 to 90 percent of hard cheeses in the U s. are made with bacteria modified with the rennet-producing cow gene.
Resists ringspot virus Total U s. crop by acreage: More than 50%Found in: Whole fruit and other productsrapeseedtrait:
Resists various viruses Total U s. crop by acreage: 12%Found in: Whole vegetables and other productssugar beets*Trait:
Today's most common GMO technology RECOMBINANT DNA inserts genes into a plant's cells via bacteria or specialized delivery tools but it involves some trial and error.
A new method called gene editing uses enzymes to snip out a specific bit of DNA to either delete it
This allows for more precise changes to a plant's genome. Scientists at the University of California Berkeley are already working with it to create virus-resistant cassava.
Gene editing may also provide fodder for fresh controversy. Current GMO methods leave a trace behind
or example a bit of the DNA from bacterium used to insert new genes. The enzymes used in gene editing don't leave such a fingerprint so future genetically modified plants will be harder to detect with tests.
This article originally appeared in the July 2014 issue of Popular Science. Note (7/17/2014 6:
30pm EDT: Due to an editor's mistake a previous version of this story misstated several details about genetically modified wines and cheeses.
which was published this week in Current Biology. But our results show that eavesdroppers can help select for the same conspicuous signals that are intended easiest for recipients to detect
When it comes to chickens geneticist Carl Schmidt is working to prepare the most-dined-upon North american breeds to withstand greater heat stress in coming decades.
Three years into the project the geneticists have gathered just about all the data they ll need and will spend the next two years analyzing it:
mapping the birds gene sequences in order to determine the best approach for getting those good heat-resistant genes into American chickens without taking along all the genetic baggage as Schmidt calls it that s unnecessary to duplicate in the hybrid chickens.
Once Schmidt and his colleagues have deciphered and analyzed the genetic codes of these hardy African
and South american poultry they hope American producers will crossbreed them to North american birds. It could take around 10 generations of chickens carefully bred to arrive at new heat-resistant breeds that can successfully reproduce on their own.
As the White house noted the decline is blamed on various factors from a lack of good habitat to exposure to certain pesticides to mite infestations and viruses.
I read this new feature from the biologists'magazine The Scientist. There are many labs around the world working on making animals that are engineered to grow faster resist disease
which bird flu viruses don't reproduce. In spite of public opposition and a lack of funding GM meat research has continued to advance.
Scientists have developed incredibly precise techniques for genetic engineering. For example they're now able to change just one base pair in an animal's DNA code ne pair of letters in an animal that has billions of such pairs.
whose genes are similar to those found in closely related unmodified animals. So instead of giving pigs mouse genes scientists could make domestic pigs with genes normally found in wild pigs.
The end result would be engineered pigs that farmers could have made through generations of careful breeding geneticists argue.
Science just zooms to the final result faster. Have these scientists never read the comments on an article about GMOS/been on Facebook?
I don't think those who don't wish to eat GM foods will find GM pigs-with-pig-genes any better than pigs with mouse genes.
But hope springs eternal among genetic engineers apparently. However you may feel about genetically modified foods we thought you would enjoy this foray into the science of it all.
and is one of the most biodiverse places On earth with for example more than 1200 butterfly species alone.
The decoy-building spider is thought to be a species in the genus Cyclosa and Reeves and colleagues plan to formally describe the species
which may include the controlled introduction of biological predators like a fungus that's known to attack the beetle.
According to Stuart Sumida a biologist at California State university at San bernardino who served as a consultant on Guardians of the Galaxy an alien advanced enough to master space travel would need to have a large brain.
The filmmakers of Jupiter Ascending augmented human characters with animal genes to make them more physically imposing.
or benefit from human biology. The first documented example occurred in 2004 when the Mayo Clinic injected human stem cells into fetal pigs creating swine with human blood
in order to study how viruses jump between species. Last year neuroscientists at Stanford university boosted the intelligence of mice with human brain cells.
In both cases researchers sidestepped any actual genetic engineering by simply introducing foreign tissue and letting it take root.
According to Randy Lewis a biologist at Utah State university the problem with chimeric enhancements is their complexity.
It s one thing to flip a single protein as he did to create transgenic goats that produce spider-silk protein in their milk.
But adding complex traits like strength or regeneration? To do that requires a tremendous amount of genetic engineering says Lewis. Until scientists achieve a profound understanding of human and animal genomes superhuman hybrids will remain little more than a cinematic confection.
Inspired by Jupiter Ascendingthe Plot: The universe is filled with human-animal hybrids and ruled by an intergalactic monarchy (news to Earthlings.
and they exhibit the kind of physical and behavioral diversity that implies something closer to biological reproduction than mass assembly.
The Transformers in other words seem to be products of evolutionary robotics a burgeoning field of research that applies biological principles to the creation and behavior of robots.
At other points it s a naturally occurring hiccup like the X-Gene that allowed superhumans to manipulate brain waves or magnetic fields.
Genes can mutate spontaneously or be manipulated in the lab to create new traits. Take for example the ability of most adult humans to process lactose in dairy products.
and claws erupting from X-men. Bruce Demple a biochemist at Stony Brook University cites more dramatic examples of single mutations the kind of things that screenwriters might think about he says.
With targeted chemical mutagens geneticists have pulled off feats both impressive such as increasing the circumference of macaque monkeys thigh muscles by 15 percent and flat out disturbing like making legs sprout from the heads
Although bioweapon stockpiles are in short supply (with very good reason) Mathaudhu is confident that geneticists could synthesize whatever new plagues seem useful.
The technology that has revolutionized genetic analysis allowing for whole-genome sequencing of human DNA could also enable a precision pathogen of last resort.
But will they ever get there One new paper published yesterday in the journal Trends in Biotechnology aimed to find out.
Like the techniques that made last year's burger bioengineer Johannes Tramper's proposed method starts with a small number of stem cells taken from an animal.
After that however they go into a big cylindrical bioreactor like the ones used in the pharmaceutical industry today.
One bioreactor could make 25600 kilograms (56400 pounds) of meat a year Tramper a professor at Wageningen University in The netherlands calculates.
and how many batches a bioreactor processes in a year. Assuming a person eats 10 kilos of meat a year nough for 968 burgers ne bioreactor could feed 2560 people.
How much would it cost to grow a kilo of this stuff? About 391 euros ($534) Tramper calculates.
Plus it doesn't take into account other costs of running a bioreactor such as hiring three or four well-trained people.
Competition with normal meat is still a challenge says Cor van der Weele a Wageningen University bioethicist who worked with Tramper on the new paper.
We're talking about feeding cells running the bioreactor sterilizing the area the facilities we need to do all that he says.
This form of biology factory is hilariously inefficient relative to the input. Without numbers like those Tramper calculated for the price of lab meat Popular Science can't say
The realization that the salt-rising bacterium was a form of pathogen came in 1923 when a USDA microbiologist named Stuart A. Koser analyzed commercial salt-rising starters.
The safety of salt-rising bread was revisited in 2008 by a physician at West virginia University and a microbiologist at the University of Pittsburgh.
and sent samples to a microbiology lab for analysis. He discovered that cornmeal is a far richer source of Clostridium perfringens than wheat flour
if it shares genetic markers with samples gathered elsewhere. Viljoen strongly believes those tests will show that the disease came from the Philippines.
Or if consumer and regulatory resistance breaks down a transgenic banana perhaps crossed with Fusarium-resistant peppers.
#'Chameleon'Vine Looks like Whatever Tree It Climbschameleons aren t the only species that excel at mimicry as biology professor Ernesto Gianoli discovered in Chile s temperate rainforests.
and using genes from its host trees hich would explain why it mimics the nearest leaf
and Blood Institute team specially engineered its pigs to have some human genes and to lack some pig genes.
The researchers also gave their baboons drugs to suppress their immune systems. Human patients take immunosuppressant drugs
what made the transplants work was just the right balance of genetic engineering and immune system-suppressing drugs.
Arne Mooers a professor of biodiversity at Canada's Simon Fraser University and colleagues worked for seven years to assess how much evolutionary history a specific bird represents compared to other bird species currently alive.
We didn't even have genetic data for every species. The project was risky enough by scientific standards says Mooers that the principal researchers opted to limit the potential for career damage.
Meanwhile no biofuels today can compete with traditional rocket fuels on the market. Although ethanol derived from corn for example can more or less replace gasoline even the latter
A breakthrough in rocket-compatible biofuel came in 2011. That's when the Navy discovered chemicals that link together or dimerize two molecules of pinene into a fuel with properties similar to JP-10.
The new research effort--a joint venture by Georgia Tech and the Department of energy's Joint Bioenergy Institute--builds on the work of the Navy by offloading pinene synthesis to bacteria.
Stephen Sarria and Pamela Peralta-Yahya two Georgia Tech researchers who collaborated on the new work published in ACS Synthetic biology broke down the process for Popular Science in four steps:
Second they inserted genes that code for the enzymes into the DNA of E coli (chosen
For now the team is trying both methods in hopes of making a drop in biofuel that's cheaper and more sustainable option for launching rockets or missiles without changing engines or existing infrastructure.*
The aspiring plant bioengineer worked with a team of scientists to test how not getting enough water altered the quality of barley grains.
and field biologists began to find some evidence for this idea even as popular support increased for bringing wolves back.
Earlier in the week field biologist Arthur Middleton got a big reaction from readers when he asked Is the wolf a real American hero?
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011