biologists many of whom hope that a polar vortex or two will help slow the northward march of invasive species
I really do think it helps with some of the major insect problems that we have Robert Venette a biologist with the U s. Forest Service in Minnesota told NPR. 6 Invasive Pests Threatened by Cold weather The Earth's average temperature warmed 1. 53
In Dewitt County Texas most people are convinced this is the elusive chupacabra said a reporter with KAVU News an ABC affiliate based in Victoria Texas though a wildlife biologist suggested it might be a dog or coyote.
and the chances for widespread crop application are slim Sean O'Donnell a professor of biology at Drexel University in Philadelphia who worked on the experiment said in a statement.
and is the son of Daniel Marenda a biology professor at Drexel. The father-son team first tested the method on fruit flies raised in small vials in their home.
The researchers found that eating the diet high in red meat changed levels of a type of genetic material called microrna in rectal tissue.
which in turn regulate gene expression. The researchers noted that the amount of red meat people ate during the study may exceed levels consumed by many people in the general population
In our study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology we re-analysed data collected on biodiversity one potential environmental benefit of organic farming.
which biodiversity on conventional and organic farms was compared. This was measured in terms of species richness (the number of different species in a particular area or time rather than the number of individuals.
while there are benefits to biodiversity lower yields mean more land is required to grow the same amount of food.
This means that the biodiversity benefits or otherwise to many familiar tropical crops such as bananas or cacao beans simply haven t been assessed.
and biodiversity even more important and this should be the focus of further research. A new aspect to our study was to use maps obtained from Google earth to quantify land use in the areas surrounding the study farms.
This is probably because the biodiversity on conventional farms in such areas is correspondingly lower. In which case perhaps we should deliberately encourage the scattering of organic farms around the landscape to maximise their impact.
But even now efforts are being made to improve the natural biodiversity of conventional farmland such as through the European Common Agricultural Policy s new greening#measures that came into force in January.
These recognise the disastrous effect intensive agriculture has had on biodiversity and acknowledge the current failure to prevent further losses.
or hedgerows and wider crop diversity provides biodiversity benefits is variable. Much will depend on the way they are interpreted and implemented farm by farm.
Ancient Beasts Roam an Arctic Landscape To understand the ancient landscape better researchers analyzed the plant genetic material found in 242 samples of permafrost from across Siberia Northern europe and Alaska that dated as far back
and some even made it past 30000 feet (9000 m) the height of the peak of Mount everest the team reported Tuesday (Feb 4) in the journal Biology Letters.
</p><p>Chapulines are grasshoppers of the genus<em>Sphenarium</em >and are eaten widely throughout southern Mexico.
& State Parks a designated World Heritage Biosphere Reserve injuring trees than can live up to 2000 years old
and further study will help them understand the forest ecology and biodiversity in this region immediately before the dinosaurs fell.
Canidae Genus and species: Canis latranssubspecies: There are 19: Coyotes are endangered not. In fact some believe that the coyote population has never been higher.
#Coffee Genome Reveals Why Your Java Smells So Good Not all caffeine is created equal. Researchers recently sequenced the genome of the coffee plant
and found the caffeine in your morning cup evolved independently from caffeine found in other plants.
The study based on the genome sequencing helps explain how and why the coffee plant might have started producing caffeine in the first place.
And like many exercises in genome sequencing the researchers behind the coffee study say their work could lead to better coffee varieties in the future.
Accordingly a genome sequence could be a significant step toward improving coffee said Philippe Lashermes a researcher at The french Institute of Research for Development in a statement.
By looking at the coffee genome and genes specific to coffee we were able to draw some conclusions about
To identify gene families specific to C. canephora the researchers used comparative genomics software on proteins from a variety of plants that are genetically related to the species including tomato and grape.
They found that compared with some of its closest relatives C. canephora possesses larger families of genes related to the production of alkaloid
For example the researchers found that coffee has six genes for one such compound linoleic acid which is partially responsible for coffee's distinct aroma after roasting.
Arabidopsis a small flowering plant that is closely genetically related to C. canephora has only one gene for linoleic acid.
And in addition to these extra flavor-and aroma-enhancing compounds the researchers found that C. canephora has a larger genetic assortment linked to N-methyltransferases (NMTS) the enzymes encoded by genes involved in the production of caffeine.
They discovered that C. canephora's NMTS were more closely related to other genes within the coffee plant itself than to the genes responsible for caffeine production in tea and chocolate.
Even though the caffeine genes in coffee tea and chocolate are all members of the same giant superfamily core eudicots the whole development of the caffeine genes in coffee is said independent Victor Albert
professor of biological sciences at the University of Buffalo and one of the study's authors.
Prizes such as the automotive XPRIZE (vehicle efficiency) the lunar XPRIZE (space exploration) the genomics XPRIZE (genome sequencing)
Thousands more develop tick-borne diseases such as the malarialike disease babesiosis the flulike anaplasmosis and the Heartland virus infection.
and many species are said quite passive Eileen Hebets a biology researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln who studies amblypygids.
but are slow-moving and docile creatures said David Shiffman a shark biologist and doctoral student at the University of Miami.
and they've learned their survival skills from biologists who dress up in vaguely birdlike costumes.
The chicks are always in sight of actual adult whooping cranes Biologists just don't want the birds to be handled by people in street clothes Olsen told Live Science.
Olsen and other biologists think the birds'strange upbringing might have something to do with their tendency to abandon their eggs.
This has baffled left biologists for decades. Now with advances in data analysis Phyllis Coley and Thomas Kursar of the University of Utah may have finally found an explanation.
However so far biologists have found it hard to determine whether it applies to tropical forests because of the sheer size of the task.
and total numbers) between trees and herbivores but that may not actually be true according to Jeff Ollerton professor of biodiversity at the University of Northampton.
Also some recent work has called out biologists for depending on the Red Queen hypothesis for many explanations.
Chief among the alternate explanations is the idea of genetic drift where some genetic mutations are passed on to progeny randomly.
Research by U s. Forest Service biologist Rob Venette suggests that temperatures below minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 29 degrees Celsius) will kill 79 percent of emerald ash
which included an apex predator a genus known as Dimetrodon. This animal had a lizard-like body
and teeth are closer to mammal skulls than to reptiles Another genus of Synapsids Lystrosaurus was a small herbivore about 3 feet long (almost 1 meter) that looked something like a cross between a lizard and a hippopotamus.
Biodiversity Abounds: Stunning Photos of the Amazon According to MODIS algorithms an area is covered likely in green vegetation
or more has coincided with the wide-scale adoption of genetically modified crops that are resistant to the weed-killer glyphosate also known as Round up.
In addition to providing a food source greenery offers the added benefits of converting carbon dioxide exhaled by settlers into oxygen essential for maintaining a long-term bio-regenerative life support system.
Myers group included crop scientists around the world who were conducting FACE experiments on 41 different genetic strains or cultivars#of grains and legumes over three continents.
or wonder GM CROPS but something seemingly much more challenging: our ability to share the Earth s resources more equitably.
At its end 503 had been admitted to hospital with typhoid 403 with bacteriological confirmation. Among those affected there was a significant over-representation of women aged 15 to 25 living in the more prosperous west end of the city.
We might now be in a position where we could genome sequence E coli 0104: H4 quickly but because it was a new strain the authorities initially confused it for the more prevalent E coli 0157:
Biodiversity of the Amazon (Photos) Questions answered The discovery that the human activity came before the forest answers some questions like how Amazonian people could have built in the rainforest with no more than stone tools (they didn't have to) how many people would have been necessary to construct the structures (fewer than
which is created by crossing male pollen for a watermelon containing 22 chromosomes per cell with a female watermelon flower with 44 chromosomes per cell.
When this seeded fruit matures the small white seed coats inside contain 33 chromosomes rendering it sterile and incapable of producing seeds. i
He at first attributed it to genetic protection. But when Kunas migrated to Panama city their blood pressure increased pointing to an environmental cause.
but rather a possible change in their body size or genetics the researchers said. Follow Tanya Lewis on Twitter and Google+.
It's not clear how these traits are passed on Talhelm said who cautioned that he is not arguing that they are genetic in origin.
Balmy British columbia The tapir is a species of the Heptodon genus which is part of a group that is the oldest in the tapir lineage.
and performing spectacular aerobatics biologist John Altringham told Live Science in a 2013 article. Related:
Canidae Genus: Canis Species: C. lupus (gray wolf) C. rufus (red wolf) C. lycaon (Eastern wolf) Though wolves once roamed far and wide they are very scarce today.
Our research at the Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology at Nottingham University s Malaysia Campus is making these natural products into nano-forms or submicron particles to control postharvest diseases.
These sometimes indicate a genetic disorder that causes nerve tumors. References to various types of cheese help doctors identify certain bacterial infections
A croissant in a cell nucleus cues doctors to diagnose benign growths on peripheral nerves and blueberry muffin rash is a sign of congenital rubella
There are 100 million microorganisms in a single gram of forest soil making them the largest repository in the world of novel genes.
In work published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology we found a surprisingly large shift in microbial community composition
The results imply that there is still time to conserve the immense genetic diversity of microbes as sources of new antibiotics and absorbers of carbon dioxide.
Jorge Rodrigues receives funding from US Department of agriculture US Department of energy/Joint Genome Institute. This article was published originally at The Conversation.
#King penguins'Genes Explain Ancient Island-Hopping King penguins colonized a string of islands north of Antarctica about 15000 years ago after glaciers melted
and the climate warmed according to a new genetic study. The balmier weather gave the penguins two things they needed to thrive:
When you have these two conditions these two parameters that are met then the population can just explode said study co-author Emiliano Trucchi an evolutionary biologist at the University of Vienna in Austria.
The team found that most of the genetic regions were very similar in the penguins indicating that they originated from a very small initial population.
and appeared in the February 2014 issue of Chemical engineering Progress. Morse contributed this article to Live Science's Expert Voices:
or with additives Mango Materials has identified a range of applications. We are focused currently on applications where biodegradability is key says Molly Morse CEO at Mango Materials.
However we're open to all sorts of applications and are eager to bring PHA bioplastics to market.
This unique approach addresses challenges that have derailed previous attempts at PHA commercialization. Other processes use sugar as a carbon feedstock
In addition the process relies on a mixed community of wild bacteria that are obtained through natural selection rather than genetic engineering Using wild bacteria that are altered not genetically alleviates some people's concerns about genetically modified organisms.
This stands in contrast to the processes many biotech companies use that require high-purity genetically engineered cultures says Allison Pieja Director of Technology at Mango Materials.
Field studies have shown that the methane-consuming cultures grow just as well on waste biogas which includes contaminants such as sulfides as on pure methane.
and appeared in the February 2014 issue of Chemical engineering Progress. Follow all of the Expert Voices issues
Another harmful effect of back burning is the unintentional destruction of fire-sensitive biological communities.
what genus or species the spider belongs to Vetter said. And that's a shame he said
The other genus Cupiennius contains some big but totally harmless spiders. There are 12 species of Phoneutria
One genus Shonisaurus measured more than 50 feet long (15 meters) and probably weighed close to 30 tons (27 metric tons).
One genus Lystrosaurus has been called the Permian/Triassic Noah#as fossils of this animal predate the mass extinction
Biologists banded Wisdom in 1956 as she incubated an egg and have been following her ever since.
despite the threats that albatross face at sea refuge biologist Pete Leary said in a statement.
Then while working in the Panamanian forest as a biologist Dudley saw monkeys eating ripe fruit
and biomechanics of flight at the University of California Berkeley has published a book The Drunken Monkey:
However in the modern one where booze is plentiful this adaptation produces a major public health problem for some people according to his hypothesis. His idea echoes the thrifty gene hypothesis which proposes that millennia of natural selection for an efficient metabolism led to diabetes
In 2004 four years after Dudley proposed his hypothesis she published a critique in the journal Integrative and Comparative Biology.
Some call this activity bionics others call it biomimetics. Whatever you call it it is big business:
The term I prefer is bioinspired design and here s why. If it hadn t been for birds
I consider several bioinspired concepts. One is the work of the German engineering Claus Mattheck.
Learning from Trees is a classic on biomimetics. Mattheck s lifelong love affair with trees has led to many important innovations in engineering design.
The report predicted that this fascinating result will be used by bioengineers to improve engineering design. Well perhaps it will
But a simple biomechanical model applying the appropriate scaling laws would suggest that all animals should be able to run at the same absolute speed not the same relative speed.
and clinical immunology at the University of Florida and chairman and CEO of the Gout & Uric acid Education Society told Live Science.
See Photos of Leopards in Western Maharashtra The researchers found that domestic dogs were by far the most common prey making up 39 percent of the leopards'diet (in terms of biomass.
or one every 20 minutes day and night study researcher Fiona Maisels a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society said in a statement.
Food poisoning is caused by eating food contaminated by organisms such as bacteria viruses and parasites. Symptoms include nausea vomiting diarrhea abdominal cramps and fever.
That was probably the most heroic event in our beekeeping saga to date says evolutionary biologist Nancy Moran a professor at the University of Texas at Austin who studies symbiosis particularly among multicellular hosts and microbes.
but also love insects and insect biology she says. So this is a system that has both.
The gut microbiota is another dimension of animal biodiversity particularly when the animals have distinctive
Colony Collapse Disorder While Moran and her colleagues are primarily trying to gain a basic understanding of biodiversity
Moran's team identified eight different tetracycline resistance genes among U s. honeybees that were exposed to the antibiotic
but the genes were largely absent in bees from countries where such antibiotic use is banned.
This has massive consequences for patterns of genome evolution in the symbionts. Because they are undergoing recombination
and have larger genetic population sizes they retain normal genome sizes andhave far more dynamic genomes.
The antibiotic resistance study was an early hint about the dynamic nature of these genomes she adds.
And the gut microbiota of U s. honeybees is a treasure trove of tetracycline resistance genes that have been transferred horizontally from other bacteria.
Now we are finding that strains of the bee gut microbiota show a large set of`accessory'genes and functions.
A given strain can have hundreds of genes that are not present in another strain of the same species
Snodgrassella alvi Gilliamella apical and Frischella perrara named after three biologists who made major contributions in honeybee biology Robert Snodgrass Martha Gilliam and Karl von Frisch.
and RNA VIRUSES such as`Deformed Wing Virus'she adds. In some of our experiments we want to infect bees with pathogens to see
The results accepted for publication in the journal Zoo Biology suggest that the forest melodies were more effective at reducing stress-induced habits such as hair-plucking
and chief science officer for Phage Biocontrol Inc. This article was prepared by the U s. National Science Foundation (NSF) for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers publication Chemical engineering Progress.
and a reduced biofuel yield of as much as 20 percent per pound of input material potentially shutting production.
Over the years yogurt manufacturers have experienced episodes of widespread lactic acid bacteria-culture death due to the activity of a virus that attacks the bacteria.
The virus injects their DNA into bacterial cells replicating inside and then causing bacterial cell lysis (i e. bursting) to release progeny phages (viruses).
We are trying to harness the innate ability of that lactic acid bacteriophage to control unwanted lactic acid bacteria during ethanol fermentation.
Each type of virus or phage kills only one type of bacteria. This specificity makes the phages safe enough for human consumption;
Developing phage products to control such bacteria during ethanol fermentation represents an attractive phage application in the larger picture of industrial microbiology.
but researchers have observed certain biochemical abnormalities that are often present in the cells of people with autism the investigators said.
With new discoveries in astrophysics evolutionary biology molecular genetics geology and paleoanthropology a continuous story has emerged starting from the Big bang. Soon after that penultimate origin event
In 1967 biologist Lynn Margulis was the first to recognize that some prokaryotic organisms were able to merge together in a cooperative arrangement she named endosymbiosis that helped them survive the Snowball Earth crisis. We now understand that the mitochondria in animal cells
and these organelles still carry primitive genomes from their days as prokaryotes. The emergence of eukaryotic life opened the door for all higher forms of life that would follow including humans.
Curiously geneticists have found that the total human population On earth about that time plummeted to perhaps just a few thousand individuals.
and priestesses and is now available at liquor stores across the United states thanks to a reconstruction effort by Patrick Mcgovern a biomolecular archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Delaware-based Dogfish Head Craft
Biodiversity Abounds: Stunning Photos of the Amazon For the project FAS uses Open Data Kit (ODK) a set of tools designed to help organizations collect
They Probably Got That From Your Genes This article was published originally at The Conversation. The publication contributed the article to Live Science's Expert Voices:
and dislikes are to some extent determined by their genes. Twin studies in which the similarity between pairs of identical twins is compared with that between nonidentical pairs allow scientists to tease apart these influences.
If identical twins are more similar than nonidentical twins in some behaviour traits for example then genes are likely to be involved.
Statistical analyses then provided estimates of the contribution of genes and the environment to these preferences.
and protein foods can be attributed to genetic factors and the remainder to environmental factors like what parents choose to feed their children and foods available in the home.
and salty and sugary snacks liking for which is determined more by the environment and only around 30%by genetic factors.
While the genetic effects on food preferences suggested by this study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition are large it s clear that a child s actual experiences with food are very influential.
although genes play a part in their children s food preferences there are scientifically tested strategies to help them to create a healthy home environment and happy mealtimes even with fussy eaters.
Polyphenols suppress the genes of bacteria that control the production of smelly compounds in the mouth"
Mark Hulett Marc Kvansakul and others from the Biochemistry Department used a range of techniques to examine the structure and function of a protein called Nad1.
However the color additives in cosmetics do have to go through FDA approval. There is no data on the number of people who use temporary tattoos each year said Hollinger.
but both conditions are autoimmune diseases an dmay share similar genes as triggers Wu said. To follow up on the mouse study a future study could look at information already collected from women who happened to followed a gluten-free diet in pregnancy
and lower rates of burning fat suggesting they were storing more fat stated the study published today (July 14) in the journal Biological Psychiatry.
#Vampire Plant Sucks Victim's Genes While Feeding Like an herbivorous Count Dracula a snakelike vine coils around its leafy victim punctures its stem
and nutrients from its host but it also exchanges genetic messages with its victim according to a study detailed today (Aug 15) in the journal Science.
along with these nutrients the weed also transports RNA the genetic material cells use to translate instructions in the organism's DNA into cellular machinery or proteins.
In this study the researchers examined the movement of a type of RNA called MESSENGER RNA (mrna) the genetic messages a plant uses to control growth processes such as leaf shape and root growth.
which may be operating like a genetic Trojan horse making the host more susceptible to the invading plant Westwood said.
and that's where the rub comes in said Todd Dawson a forest biologist at the University of California Berkeley who was involved not in the study.
A new genetic analysis of bony nodules found in a 700-year-old skeleton from Italy reveal that the man had brucellosis a bacterial infection caught from livestock
and Canada combined Malcolm Campbell receives funding from the Natural sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and from Genome Canada.
and the public to work together to uncover the biodiversity hidden in own backyard. Derek Hennen received funding from the Ohio Biological Survey.
This article was published originally on The Conversation. Read the original article. Follow all of the Expert Voices issues
The most prominent biodiversity offset projects are underpinned by poor science when it comes to quantifying losses
and gains despite claims from the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme a collaboration of industry banks and government agenies that the process is transparent#and science-based#.
To measure the net benefits the company would need to deduce from its calculation the passive restoration that may have occurred for different key biodiversity attributes without any offset investment.
The issues of additionality and leakage are dealt poorly with in existing biodiversity offset projects and as a result they are much less effective than they could be.
whether the biodiversity gains are permanent. After all the impacts of a mining project can be considered permanent
What if the two sites have different biodiversity? Is it possible to compare apples and oranges?
Biodiversity offsetting should not just be about protecting ecosystems. The approach should also be fair to local communities not least
because biodiversity is often the commodity of the poor. Again in the Rio tinto case the utilitarian value of the biodiversity to communities turned out to have a much higher conservation importance than was anticipated by the company.
For example the company s 680 hectares measurement of habitat loss becomes 1396 hectares when calculated according to the amount of utilitarian plant diversity lost to local communities.
do touted biodiversity offsets by mining companies actually work? First we should acknowledge that efforts by many companies including first and foremost by Rio tinto in aiming to create a net positive biodiversity impact for all mining operations is a laudable one.
But as the science of offsetting evolves these companies need to keep up-to date and develop better ways of quantifying the losses and gains.
This will help them design ways to deliver biodiversity gains that are genuine additional permanent and fair to local communities.
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