which leaves only 5400 farms that produce milk. The decline is focused on the smallest farms
Though field corn for grain production is harvested at physiological maturity sweet corn is harvested at the R3 stage (milk stage)
which is being reared as milk meat hide and bone sources all over the world. In particular it could provide more than 5%of the world's milk supply and 20%to 30%of the farm power in Southeast asia.
Considering the importance of buffalo and realizing the need of genomic research for its improvement Lal Teer Livestock took a great effort for The Whole Genome Sequencing of Water buffalo in collaboration with BGI since March 2012.
#A thousand years ago, Central Europeans digested milk as well as us todayback in the middle Ages Central Europeans were already capable of digesting milk yoghurt
Researchers at the University of Zurich's Centre for Evolutionary Medicine have discovered that the population of the medieval town of Dalheim had a similar genetic predisposition for milk digestion to present-day Germans and Austrians.
Milk is the staple food for infants and contains the sugar lactose. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose
and thus milk as they get older. The ability to digest the sugar is governed by the production of the enzyme lactase in the small intestine.
Dairy products have long been a central feature of European cuisine and cultural identity and nowadays 60--90 percent of the European population is lactase persistent
which means they can digest milk in adulthood. Earlier studies on DNA samples taken from European farmers from around 5000 BC revealed a low lactase persistence rate.
It was only when dairy products were promoted in national and international food campaigns in the mid-20th century that it became apparent that the majority of the global population is lactose-intolerant.
#Moms favor daughters in dairy studysorry boys. In the end mothers favor daughters â#at least when it comes to Holstein dairy cows
A study of 2. 39 million lactation records from 1. 49 million dairy cows showed that cows produce significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation said Barry Bradford associate professor in K-Stateâ
He along with Katie Hinde in Harvardâ##s Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Abigail Carpenter K-State graduate student and John Clay with Dairy Records Management Systems collaborated on the study
. â#oeour results provide the first direct evidence that the sex of a gestating fetus can influence milk productionâ#Bradford said. â#oeone possible explanation is that a daughter is able to let her mom know in advance that she expects to receive more milk than her brothers. â
or diminish the production of milk during an established lactation and that the sex of the fetus gestated in the first pregnancy has persistent consequences for milk production on the second lactation.
The study could have implications for humans Hinde said. Results of the study are available in the scientific journal PLOS One. â#oeamong the surprises in this study was the fact that the bias was in favor of daughters rather than sons as some evolutionary hypotheses have predicted.
and protein in milk did not differ between cows that gestated a son or daughter so the quality of milk was the same.
However because the quantity was greater after gestating a daughter the total amount of milk fat
and protein after gestating a daughter were higher than after gestating a son. Standardized husbandry in the dairy industry combined with systematic milking procedures detailed record-keeping
and large sample sizes made the dairy cow a powerful model for the exploration of milk synthesis. The study was derived from all lactation records from 1995 to 1999 in a database managed by Dairy Records Management Systems
of Raleigh N c. How does the fetus influence milk synthesis? Itâ##s likely that hormones from the fetus and placenta differ between fetal sons and daughters.
Those hormones may subsequently enter the maternal bloodstream and affect milk-producing cells in the mammary gland the researchers said in a Jan 22 statement. â#oeafter finding the programming effect of fetal sex on subsequent lactations our team discussed the possibility that daughters were releasing hormones into the maternal
if this was true becoming pregnant with a daughter might influence milk production even in an ongoing lactation.
#or about 980 pounds â#more milk across the first two lactations than did cows with back-to-back sons he said.
Artificial insemination is standard practice in the dairy industry and sex-selected semen is an option for producers to buy. â#oeaccording to our rough calculations taking into account the wholesale value of milk the number of two-year-old heifers added to U s. dairy herds annually the production advantage
across the first two lactations of conceiving a daughter on the first pregnancy and the increased probability of conceiving a daughter from sex-selected semen suggests a gross value in the neighborhood of $200 million in milk production across the first two lactations aloneâ#the team reported.
Implications for humansâ#oewell no study has addressed yet systematically differences in milk for sons and daughters in terms of both composition and yieldâ#said Hinde. â#oebut in the last couple years there have been a handful of studies among humans reporting differences in milk composition between sons and daughters.
Humans have a very invasive placenta that would allow fetal hormones to pass into maternal circulation and possibly influence mammary gland development.
But it hasnâ##t yet been studied systematically. â#â#oethis research in cows demonstrates that the fetus can influence the milk the mother produces during lactation
and limited evidence suggests that similar processes may be operating in humansâ#she added. â#oesuch a finding has potential implications for nutrition management of babies in neonatal intensive care units and selection of donor milks.
And such research can inform infant formulas tailored more specifically to the physiological needs of sons and daughters. â#Story Source:
and differentiate the amount of fat in a commonly consumed food product milk. To do this they asked healthy subjects to smell milk containing an amount of fat that might be encountered in a typical milk product:
either 0. 125 percent 1. 4 percent or 2. 7 percent fat. The milk samples were presented to blindfolded subjects in three vials.
Two of the vials contained milk with the same percent of fat while the third contained milk with a different fat concentration.
The subjects'task was to smell the three vials and identify which of the samples was different.
In all three experiments participants could use the sense of smell to discriminate different levels of fat in the milk.
even though people in The netherlands on average consume more milk on a daily basis than do Americans.
#Probing changes to infant milk formulationsinfant milk formula is an alternative to breast milk for babies in their first year of life.
Since breast milk contains all the nutrients required by young infants formula manufacturers aim to closely match their product's ingredients to those of breast milk.
Functional proteins in human milk are essential for key biological functions such as immune system development explains Ruige Wu from the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology.
or are present at lower concentrations in infant formula products compared to human milk. Recently some manufacturers began advertising that their products contained elevated levels of functional proteins such as Î-lactalbumin and Immunoglobulin g.
Regulation of these products requires an easy and inexpensive quantitative method to detect low levels of functional proteins in milk which also contains abundant other proteins.
The reliability of the device was tested with infant milk formula samples spiked with known amounts of various functional proteins.
#Famine, not calcium absorption, may have driven evolution of milk tolerance in Europeansancient DNA from early Iberian farmers shows that the wideheld evolutionary hypothesis of calcium absorption was not the only reason Europeans evolved milk tolerance.
Most of us grew up drinking milk. We were told it was the ultimate health drink.
In the West people take milk drinking for granted because most people of European descent are able to produce the enzyme lactase in adulthood and so digest the milk sugar lactose.
if you're not consuming milk. But why was it such an advantage for our ancestors?
milk is an amazing source of calcium and there is a bit of Vitamin d in there too (Vitamin d is necessary for calcium absorption).
For them milk could have been the new superfood says Sverrisdã ttir. But what about our cousins in sunny Spain?
Although most early European farmers would not have been lactase persistent they would still have been able to consume fermented milk products such as yoghurt
when crops fail they are likely to have eaten all the fermented milk foods leaving only the more high-lactose products.
That's according to Phil Garnsworthy professor of dairy science at the University of Nottingham in the UK.
It is therefore possible to imagine a dairy herd producing the same volume of milk for lower greenhouse gas emissions.
In addition different diets mean that cows can produce the same amount of milk with lower emissions.
The methane is lost energy that could go into producing milk. So if we can find the right genetic mix we can find cattle that are less polluting more productive
Over time it could improve practice with beef as well as milk herds and with other ruminants such as sheep deer and goats.
#Oceanographer examines pollutants in Antarctic seal milkan oceanographer from the University of Rhode island is analyzing the milk from Antarctic fur seals to determine the type
because they pass their pollutants on to their pups in their milk. All of the seals the researchers are studying breed on the South Shetland islands of Antarctica
Lohmann's lab is analyzing 60 samples of seal milk collected between 2000 and 2010.
if their mother's milk is contaminated with pollutants the pups will quickly accumulate pollutants in their bodies as well.
and seeds lean meats and poultry low-fat dairy products vegetables fruits whole grains and legumes.
#Important mutation discovered in dairy cattlescientists have found a genomic deletion that affects fertility and milk yield in dairy cattle at the same time.
the negative correlation between fertility and milk production. For the past many years milk yield in Scandinavian dairy cattle has gone in one clear direction:
It now seems that this unfavorable correlation between milk yield and fertility is affected partially by a deletion of a simple gene sequence.
The reason that the deleted gene sequence causing embryo mortality has become relatively widespread is that it has such as strong positive effect on milk yield.
By selecting for high milk yields breeders have selected inadvertently also for embryo mortality--a situation of so-called hitchhiking.
and that associated positive effects on milk yield may account for part of the negative genetic correlation.
--what is based known as plant or vegetable milks --which are an alternative to conventional yogurts. The products are designed specially for people with allergies to cow's milk lactose or gluten intolerance as well as children and pregnant women.
From the laboratories at the Institute of Food engineering for Development the team has worked with almonds oats
and hazelnuts and soon will evaluate the use of walnuts and chestnuts as raw material for these new products.
The caseins of cow's milk as well as being on the list of allergens components hinder the absorption of iron.
The results we have obtained also show that the'milks'studied are a good matrix for the growth
Furthermore the research conducted offers new clues to improve commercial plant-based milks available in the market today
and health properties of vegetable milks in view of future industrial applications to develop innovative quality products suitable both for the general public
and grains represent an alternative to animal milks and soy milk. They also have components of great nutritional value that can provide numerous health benefits for both consumer groups with specific problems (lactose intolerance allergic to cow's milk vegetarian...
as for the general population. These plant milks are characterized by a profile of healthy fatty acids
and carbohydrates with low glycaemic index (suitable for diabetics). Moreover they constitute an important source of vitamins B and E antioxidant compounds (phytosterols and/or polyphenols) and dietary fibre
The milks derived from nuts are recommended especially for pregnant women because of its richness in folic acid and its good calcium/phosphorus ratio.
what make these drinks good substitutes for cow's milk concludes Chelo Gonzã¡lez. Story Source:
They banned some produce and milk from Ibaraki Prefecture where my parents live. There was a lot of talk about which vegetables were okay to eat from which prefecture,
hormone-free milk and natural syrups) with a precision and consistency wholly unattainable by humans.
me my chai, made from organic Pacific soy milk and organic Third street chai from Colorado.
I watched the machine heating the milk while the grounds were tamped with a real tamper.
and ask for a touch more milk or another pump of syrup. When the machine is done,
They came up with a system that involved milk crates lined with a landscaping fabric that allows water retention and air circulation.
and planted everything in the milk crates in upstate New york . So we got the permits in July
11 trucks pulled up with 7, 000 milk crates. Half are filled with soil and half go on the bottom because they re elevated.
Tell me more about the innovation behind using milk crates to grow the vegetables. The design team really looked at how we would design the perfect vessel to do this.
they also would have come up with a milk crate. It one cubic foot which is about twice as deep as some rooftop gardens.
We bought the crates from a company that makes milk crates from recycled plastic. Because we re using the vegetables and herbs in the restaurant,
the authors point out that the foods associated with the most energy loss are dairy products and vegetables because they more often go to waste.
Percentage of Foods Wasted in U s. Fats and Oils (33%)Dairy (32%)Grains (32%)Eggs (31%)Sugar/caloric sweeteners (31%)Vegetables (25%)Fruit (23
or a low-fat dairy option in every Happy Meal that it sells starting in September 2011.
Technology boosts Greek yogurt production, but angers traditionaliststhere are purists for just about every kind of food you can imagine.
The most recent affront to pure, traditional food has begun in the dairy isle, and it's all about Greek yogurt.
If you haven't heard, Greek yogurt is the yogurt du jour-according to NPR's blog The Salt,
the past five years have seen Greek yogurt sales swell to about a quarter of the yearly yogurt market.
The problem is Greek yogurt is hard to Make it requires special machines and techniques and straining.
So, to get a piece of the yogurt pie, companies turned to science. The Salt talked to Erhan Yidiz,
head of a dairy research group and a man tasked with figuring out how to make Greek yogurt without actually having to make Greek yogurt.
Here's how he did it. To duplicate the Greek yogurt, they started with regular yogurt,
then added different versions of starch, obtained from corn or tapioca. As they tweaked the quality and quantity of added starch,
they kept measuring those key attributes. If you can measure something you can manipulate it,
says Yildiz. Now, this thickening business has the purists all up in arms. Traditional Greek yogurt doesn't have any thickeners,
but that's just tradition. There's no rule that says you can't label yogurt made with thickening agents as Greek yogurt,
like there are about, say, labeling something Champaign that wasn't made in the Champaign region of France.
So companies can get away with taking the short cut and selling something that's like Greek yogurt,
The founder of Chobani, one of the biggest Greek yogurt brands out there and one of the few who uses the expensive machines rather than the thickener, sides with the purists.
call it Greek yogurt, and nobody could do anything to you. Which is sad! This certainly isn't the first time the technology has allowed imitation foods to enter the market.
But one thing's for sure, today's issue might be yogurt, but tomorrow it will be something else.
The milk-producing power of LED lightingconventional wisdom tells us that happy cows make more milk.
while using less energy--cause cows to make more milk. The Oklahoma State study aimed to evaluate the energy savings of LEDS
The study also tracked milk production because of concerns the LED lights could harm the animals by interfering, for example, with their feeding schedule.
The study found that cows living in areas of the barn outfitted with LED bulbs produced 6 percent more milk than those housed in spots using fluorescent lighting.
The average LED-lit cow delivered an extra half gallon of milk per day. The Oklahoma dairy farm owner who participated in the research wants to remain anonymous,
in case the LED milk production results aren't replicated in larger studies. So why are LEDS potentially driving up milk production.
There are a few theories. One OSU professor noted that LEDS are directional, allowing more light to be focused on troughs to encourage feeding.
Now Co. Exist reports on transgenic goats that produce milk with breast milk enzymes and proteins.
or milking goats for human milk? And which work-around has a better chance of widespread adoption?
UC Davis scientists created the transgenic goats by transferring human genes for breast milk enzymes and proteins into goat embryos.
The transgenic dairy goats can make milk with up to about 60%of the lysozyme and lactoferrin found in mother's milk,
which means a longer shelf life (these chemicals kill pathogenic bacteria) and also a faster cheese-ripening process (they kill off the milk's beneficial bacteria sooner).
Human breast milk gives human babies unique immunological defenses that they can't get from other animal's milk.
For babies of mothers who aren't present, or can't nurse them, milk from these transgenic goats could provide the next-best alternative.
The UC Davis team has been studying the engineered goats'milk for a number of years now to perfect the formula (no pun intended.
So far they've only tested it on the toddler equivalent in pigs, who've shown increased resistance to illness after drinking the milk.
No word yet on when it will enter clinical testing in humans. via Co. Exist Photo:
and bring me soymilk when I really wanted goat's milk. And it will never ever,
ever be able to properly order me a dozen ripe avocados, though I'll try again each time,
and butter and yoghurt are made fresh from organic milk and cream delivered from a local dairy farm.
The concept of milk-based fabric that can be used to make clothes may sound a bit far fetched,
In this case, milk is comprised of a protein that solidifies once it's separated from the rest of the liquid.
Milk is a wonderful natural raw material, said Domaske. The special thing about milk is that is has a lovely silky feel.
The fabric falls wonderfully, it's cheaper than silk and easy to care for. It's also an environmentally-friendly way to turn heads when your out on the town.
The proteins are derived from spoiled milk that would otherwise have been thrown out and the production process can be completed within an hour without the use of pesticides and chemicals.
She will be selling her Couture from Cow's Milk designs for as little as $290. Related on Smartplanet Video:
I showed up with a bagful of newspapers, some plastic yogurt containers and a few beer bottles
Apparently they take some milk, some honey, and grind up small quantities of the amber and put that in as well, he told Scientific American.
Price differences per serving for healthier vs. less healthy foods were smaller among dairy, grains, snacks/sweets,
and what wasn t. Our clients can compost meat and bones and dairy and fish,
Milk cartons, orange juice cartons, meat, bones, fish, dairy. The biodegradable products can be made from corn starch, soy starch or potato starch.
so their milk contains high levels of an antimicrobial enzyme to help infants ward off stomach infections, a problem that plagues the developing world's children.
has said one factor in moving the study was that it took the FDA a decade just to decide how to regulate bioengineered food and dairy animals.
Itã¢â â¢s like selective breeding in cattle to increase milk production or produce more beef per pound.
Black beans and pinto beans, rice and amaranth, soups and dressings, milk, yogurt, cheese and coffee, sweets and jams:
HONG KONG--Hong kong parents have been contending with a frustrating shortage of infant milk formula. The problem has grown over the past few years,
But their main target is milk powder. Hong kong s baby formula mostly imported from European countries, has been in particularly high demand
But in the case of risk-free milk powder, the supply has simply not been enough to fulfill the demand.
And many Hong kong people have come to resent these traders for aggressively buying up milk formula
and the public is still skeptical that the new limits will greatly improve the situation â parents must frantically search for the right cans of milk powder,
Some parents resort to joining the milk formula distributors clubs, which provides a steady supply of their products to members,
Other nearby cities, even ones as far as Australia, have also been affected by mainland Chinese purchases of milk formula,
You get everything from kale and melon to eggs and dairy. We just have a short growing season.
How milk jugs can make 3d printing cheaperwith 3d printing, anyone with a 3d printer can make just about anything using a digital design and plastic filament.
milk jugs. Researchers at Michigan Technological University are looking to milk jugs as a way for 3d printing to gain more widespread use.
To make this practical, the research group created the Recyclebot, a device that melts the plastic (after it has been washed
or the landfill and turn your milk jugs into useful objects. The design for the Recyclebot is open-source and available here.
Milk jugs are made out of  high-density polyethylene which isn't ideal for 3d printing,
Pearce says that it takes about 20 milk jugs to produce about 1 kilogram of plastic filament,
One dish I tasted consisted of a fresh milk curd covered with wild blueberries mixed with ant paste.
The killing of male and female cows or even milk-giving buffaloes is prohibited by federal law.
or which sort of cookies should go with the quart of milk you just bought, consider this:
Maine dairy isn't just milking sustainability anglethe 88-year-old, family-owned Oakhurst Dairy in Maine isn't just milking sustainability as a business differentiator.
The company has completed just its second solar installation, and it is adopting new technology for its delivery fleet.
Solar panels at the Oakhurst Dairy The dairy will reduce its footprint by another 52,000 pounds
The dairy figures that it will save between 6 percent and 8 percent in fuel costs based on current driving habits (an average of 30,000 miles annually per truck.
The dairy figures it will cut about 7. 6 million pounds of carbon dioxide emissions annually through the retrofit.
Co. Exist reports that Texas A&m researchers have engineered goats that can produce a malaria vaccine in their milk.
At this point the milk has to be treated to isolate the vaccine for injection, but the scientists hope to have drinkable milk vaccines within the next decade.
Head researcher Mark Westhusin tells Co. Exist's Ben Schiller: There is tremendous potential to produce malaria vaccines and other types of medicines, especially for Third world countries.
and economic needs than their moral squeamishness and put the goat milk cures into widespread use in the near future. via Co. Exist Photo:
Make low fat milk the standard drink, cut back a bit on salting the fries, and you're done.
Milkmaid replaces the milk sniff test with technologyit takes a village to raise a child,
participatory online community to raise a new milk jug. A month ago, the crowdsourcing invention incubator Quirky teamed with GE Garages
who wants a milk jug that tells her when the milk has gone bad. And she wants that to be based on science
not on the sell-by date printed on the carton, or by the smell test.
We wanted to make it reminiscent of old-school glass milk jugs. After toying with different formats, colors and 3d models, the Milkmaid went off to a model maker in Ohio
and it's time to buy more milk. The jug itself contains a temperature sensor that will alert the user
if the milk has been left outside the fridge for long enough for bacteria to form.
or her milk before getting back home. But generally, it strikes me as a lot of technology being thrown at a problem that only some people consider truly vexing.
On the other hand, some people (ahem, like my husband) can't seem to smell spoiled milk when it's sitting right under their noses.
Also, dumping milk based only on the sell-by date rather than its actual rate of spoilage can be wasteful.
Some day, your milk just may be able to talk to you. Images:
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