and perform tasks such as remembering a grocery list or what a drawing looked like Peiffer said.
In the study Argerich and colleagues analyzed concentrations of stream nitrogen which despite regulations have been on the rise across the country as energy and food production release reactive forms of the compound into waterways.
#How does the price of cheese influence perceptions of wolves? Relationships between humans and wolves are linked often to conflicts with livestock breeding activities.
#Strong anticancer properties discovered in soybeansproteins found in soybeans could inhibit the growth of colon liver and lung cancers.
Soybean meal is a bi-product following oil extraction from soybean seeds. It is rich in protein
and protein the researchers looked to monitor bioactivity between the peptides derived from the meals of soybean and various types of human cancer cells.
The study showed that peptides derived from soybean meal significantly inhibited cell growth by 73%for colon cancer 70%for liver cancer
#Hunting for meat impacts on rainforest, fruit tree seed dispersalhunting for meat in the African rainforests has halved the number of primates.
The researchers studied rainforests in Nigeria where the local population hunts for food. The animals that are hunted include almost all mammals including gorillas and chimpanzees and some small species of monkey.
The meat forms a cheap and accessible source of protein for poor people as well as a source of income
if the carcasses can be sold in the towns where people are prepared to pay high prices for ape meat.
Scientists fed the tomatoes to mice that lacked the ability to remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL or bad cholesterol) from their blood and readily developed inflammation and atherosclerosis when consuming a high-fat diet.
The researchers found that mice that ate the peptide-enhanced tomatoes which accounted for 2. 2 percent of their Western-style high-fat diet had significantly lower levels of inflammation;
Several hours after the mice finished eating the intact peptide was found in the small intestine
which is part of the natural course of healing. But with many chronic diseases inflammation becomes an abnormal ongoing process with long-lasting deleterious effects in the body.
If the work in animal models applies to humans said Fogelman who is also the Castera Professor of Medicine at UCLA consuming forms of genetically modified foods that contain apoa-1-related peptides could potentially help improve these conditions.
if given by injection or in a purified pill form but when it is a part of the fruit of a plant it may be no different from a safety standpoint than the food in which it is contained
The team chose a fruit--the tomato--that could be eaten without requiring cooking that might break down the peptide.
and future studies may yield important and fundamental knowledge about the role of the intestine in diet-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis.
or soy--when the children were 2 years old and again when they were 4. All the children were taking part in the Early childhood Longitudinal Study
but also fruit juice squash fizzy drinks and sports drinks so that they could calculate the fat and sugar intake from these sources.
The children were weighed also and measured at both time points. At both time points the prevalence of overweight/obesity was high affecting around one in three of the children (30%of 2 year olds;
and 16%of heavy 4 year olds drinking it compared with 9%of normal weight 2 year olds and 13%of normal weight 4 year olds.
Milk fat may increase a feeling of fullness so reduce the appetite for other fatty/calorie dense foods they say.
and sugary drinks and increasing exercise and fruit and vegetable intake they suggest. Story Source:
Unchecked the pest burrows into potato roots to feed obstructing nutrients and causing stunted growth wilted leaves and other symptoms that can eventually kill the plant.
Now however U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) and cooperating scientists are evaluating new ways to control G. pallida using naturally occurring chemicals called egg-hatching factors.
According to lead scientist Roy Navarre with USDA's Agricultural research service (ARS) the egg-hatching factors are exuded actually chemicals from the roots of potato and certain other solanaceous plants into surrounding soil.
There the chemicals stimulate G. pallida eggs to hatch Normally this helps ensure the survival of emerging juvenile nematodes.
But Navarre's approach calls for using the chemicals to trick the eggs into hatching
when no potato plants are present leaving juveniles without food or a host on which to reproduce.
However the eggs are encased in cysts that can resist fumigation according to Navarre who works at the ARS Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Laboratory in Prosser Wash.
He is exploring two approaches to force the eggs to hatch in the absence of a host:
amending the soil with purified forms of egg-hatching factors and planting sticky nightshade as a trap crop
and believe that chickens provide an excellent model. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cell Press.
Research from North carolina State university shows that the invasive spotted-wing vinegar fly (Drosophila suzukii) also prefers sweet soft fruit--giving us new insight into a species that has spread across the United states over the past four years
and lay their eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae that feed on the flesh of the fruit until they reach maturity--ruining the fruit in the process.
Sellers go to great pains to remove infested fruit before it reaches the marketplace so consumers won't notice a difference in fruit quality.
The work was supported by the Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium North carolina Tobacco Trust fund Commission North carolina Department of Food and Agriculture U s. Department of agriculture and North carolina Blueberry Council.
In the U s. alone cigarette smoking accounts for more deaths annually than HIV illegal drugs alcohol motor vehicle injuries suicides and murders combined.
or evaporated milk pudding ice cream custard flan and also cheeses and yogurts that were not low-fat or nonfat.
and butter most often and they consumed relatively limited amounts of low-fat dairy desserts low-fat cheese and high-fat yogurt.
High-fat dairy is recommended generally not as part of a healthy diet said senior author Bette J. Caan Drph research scientist with the Kaiser permanente Division of Research.
Women entered into the cohort approximately two years after their breast cancer diagnosis. At the beginning of the study 1893 women completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire
The women were asked how often they consumed dairy foods during the previous year; what portion sizes they generally consumed;
which products they ate including milk cheese dairy desserts yogurt and beverages made with milk (such as hot chocolate or lattes);
and whether the dairy products were full fat low fat or nonfat. Of the total sample 349 women had a recurrence of breast cancer
This research was part of the Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) study one of several efforts by investigators with the Kaiser permanente Division of Research to consider the role of lifestyle factors such as nutrition exercise
among these findings are that soy decreases the risk of breast cancer recurrence quality of life after diagnosis influences outcomes
Susan E. Kutner MD chair of the Kaiser permanente Northern California Regional Breast Care Task force said that the new study bolsters the counseling that Kaiser permanente gives breast cancer survivors about the importance of a low-fat diet as well as exercise
but is known not to spread between humans frequently. While the World health organization has identified six countries as hosts to ongoing widespread bird flu infections in poultry in 2011--China Egypt India Vietnam Indonesia
And only one in four young persons in the study was getting the recommended amount of dairy said Margarita Teran-Garcia a U of I professor of food science and human nutrition.
In the study 339 Mexican college applicants filled out a food frequency questionnaire and were evaluated then for metabolic syndrome risk factors.
The scientists suspected that students were substituting high-calorie sugar-sweetened beverages--for example soda and juice drinks--for milk
but they found that wasn't the case. Instead a quarter of the group drank these sorts of beverages
in addition to dairy products contributing surplus calories she said. Teran-Garcia stressed the importance of developing healthy food habits early in life
and she sees her efforts at the university as an intervention that could change the students'thinking.
And in a few years when our survey participants are parents they'll be able to model good nutrition for their children.
Dilger's group is interested in the effects of early-life nutrition on the brain. They are looking at the effects of specific fatty acids as primary structural components of the human brain and cerebral cortex and at choline a nutrient that is important for DNA production and normal functioning of neurons.
Choline deficiency has been tied to cognitive deficits in the mouse and human and we're developing a pig model to study the direct effects choline deficiency has on brain structure
Many women of childbearing age may not be receiving enough choline in their diets and recent evidence suggests this may ultimately affect learning and memory ability in their children.
Luckily choline can be found in common foods especially eggs and meat products including bacon. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences.
They are finding success using the byproducts of biofuels made from corn stover wheat straw and rice straw.
Corn ethanol's byproduct--called distiller's dried grains--can be used as cattle feed but cellulosic ethanol's byproduct--called high-lignin residue--is perceived often as less valuable.
and some cellulose in it but it's not really a feed material anymore Riding said.
and corn stover can be used for making cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol byproducts then can be added to cement to strengthen concrete.
Essentially Dutch elm disease is caused by a fungus that prevents the normal distribution of nutrients in the tree by blocking the flow of sap said Alan Moses an Assistant professor with the University of Toronto's department of Cell & Systems Biology one of the authors of the study.
and it's a very distant relative of the fungi that are studied more often by researchers like bread mould or beer yeast.
and observed whether the bees advised the rest of their conspecifics of the danger of gathering nectar at a certain plant.
and has sought not Food and Drug Administration approval for these products as required by law said study co-author Gregory Connolly director of the Center for Global Tobacco Control at HSPH and professor of the practice of public health in the Department of Social and Behavioral
#Goats milk with antimicrobial lysozyme speeds recovery from diarrheamilk from goats that were modified genetically to produce higher levels of a human antimicrobial protein has proved effective in treating diarrhea in young pigs demonstrating the potential for food products from transgenic animals to one
Many developing parts of the world rely on livestock as a main source of food said James Murray a UC Davis animal science professor and lead researcher on the study.
or skim feeding) yet both feeding styles rely on a remarkable substance in the whales'mouths to filter nutrition from the ocean:
Alexander Werth from Hampden-Sydney College USA explains that no one knew how the hairy substance actually traps morsels of food.'
He publishes his discovery that baleen is a highly mobile material that tangles in flowing water to form the perfect net for trapping food particles at natural whale swimming speeds in The Journal of Experimental Biology.
and fingernails#Werth also describes how the protein forms large continually growing plates each with an internal fibrous core sandwiched between smooth outer plates.
#and Werth explains that the plates are worn continually away by the tongue to form bristly food-trapping fringes on the tongue-edge of each plate.
single baleen plates are less effective filters at higher swimming speeds. However Werth says'It doesn't make sense to look at flow across a single plate of baleen it's like looking at feeding with a single tooth;
you can't chew anything with just one tooth you need a whole mouthful.''So he built a scaled down rack of six 20 cm long baleen plate fragments
This time Werth could clearly see the fringes from adjacent baleen plates becoming tangled and more matted as the flow increased trapping the most particles at speeds ranging from 70 to 80 cm/s
and investigate how full-sized 4 m long baleen plates performstory Source: The above story is provided based on materials by The Journal of Experimental Biology.
San francisco. In the morning each bee goes looking individually for a sugar source then comes back to the hive
In experiments with a mouse model of human immune function the scientists vaccinated mice for listeria a common bacterium that causes food-borne illness
IPM focuses on eliminating the cause of pest infestations by minimizing access to food water hiding places
#Bitter melon juice prevents pancreatic cancer in mouse modelsa University of Colorado Cancer study published this week in the journal Carcinogenesis shows that bitter melon juice restricts the ability of pancreatic cancer cells to metabolize glucose
Three years ago researchers showed the effect of bitter melon extract on breast cancer cells only in a Petri dish.
We used the juice--people especially in Asian countries are already consuming it in quantity. We show that it affects the glucose metabolism pathway to restrict energy
After studies in cell cultures the group showed that mouse models of pancreatic cancer that were fed bitter melon juice were 60 percent less likely to develop the disease than controls.
and certain other mushrooms tend to be something we associate with moldy bread or dank-smelling mildew.
what's there in terms of food and light and moisture he said. Mycelia can take in nutrients from available organic materials like wood
and use them as food and the fungus is able to grow as a result.
When you think of fungi and their mycelia their function--ecologically--is really vital in degrading and breaking things down Horton added.
These are sterilized mixed with nutrients and chilled. Then the mycelia spawn are added and are so good at proliferating that every cubic inch of material soon contains millions of tiny fungal fibers.
and other nutrients to accumulate; and inhibiting the invasion of aggressive nonnative species including Scotch broom and hairy cat's ear.
and other foods and now we know they also smoked tobacco--the earliest known usage in the Pacific Northwest according to a new University of California Davis study.
#Pesticide application as potential source of noroviruses in fresh food supply chainscontaminated water used to dilute pesticides could be responsible for viruses entering the food chain warn scientists.
sufferers have to let the virus run its course for a few days. The consumption of fresh produce is associated frequently with outbreaks of hnov
A new study published in the International Journal of Food Microbiology investigated whether contaminated water used to dilute pesticides could be a source of hnov.
They found that most Malawi soils cannot supply enough selenium for adequate human nutrition and in a paper published today in the journal Scientific Reports they call for further investigation into the benefits
and other strategies to boost levels within the country's food. Leading the study was Dr Martin Broadley of the University's School of Biosciences he said:
People with low dietary selenium intakes are increased at risk of suffering from a variety of diseases.
'The study examined the diet and the resulting nutritional status of a total of 120 otherwise healthy women aged between 18 and 50 years old living in villages in Zombwe in the north of Malawi and Mikalango
It is of course feasible for people to diversity their diets to increase the consumption of other selenium-rich foods such as meat poultry fish
and eggs but this is particularly challenging for people who are living in developing countries on an extremely low income.
which is used often to make a thick porridge type dish called nsima which is eaten often with a vegetable-based relish.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Nottingham. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Mandating fruits and vegetables in school meals makes a difference, study findsstate laws that require minimum levels of fruits
and vegetables in school meals may give a small boost to the amount of these foods in adolescents'diets according to a study published in the American Journal of Preventive medicine.
With the recent requirements from the USDA's National School Lunch Program to incorporate healthier options in school meals the researchers wanted to find out
and 0. 61 cups more vegetables than did lived those who in states with no fruit or vegetable requirements in school lunches.
School nutrition standards have been targeted by policymakers as a way to reduce obesity and disparities in diet and to get teenagers into the habit of eating fruits and vegetables.
Mississippi and other southern states have been aggressive about improving school foods as a means of combating obesity Taber said.
They are seeing evidence already. Reports in last few months show that childhood obesity is declining in Mississippi.
but the data does not reflect the new school meal regulations from the U s. Department of agriculture than went into effect in July 2012 said Deborah Beauvais RD district supervisor of school nutrition for the Gates Chili and East
Rochester School Districts in New york and a spokesperson f or Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Newer rules affect all schools participating in the National School Lunch Program and require that a half-cup of fruit
or vegetable and up to two cups be in every lunch menu each day noted Beauvais adding These changes will make the findings from this study more likely.
School cafeterias are becoming recognizable as educational centers. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Health Behavior News Service part of the Center for Advancing Health.
We hope this information can be used with other studies to build realistic expectations for water resource availability in the future said study lead author Benjamin Cook a climate scientist with joint appointments at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty
The late monsoon in 2005 hindered summer grass development to the point that U s. ranchers had to buy supplemental feed for their cattle Andrea Ray a researcher at the National Oceanic
The cucumber Family cucurbitaceae includes many of our favorite foods: pumpkins melon cucumber watermelon bottle gourds and bitter gourd.
& Hydrology (UK) National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA) The Australian National University (Australia) CCST/Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)( Brazil) James Cook
and traditional foods says Research Professor Bruce Forbes University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland. They will also impact the global community through changes in regulatory ecosystem services relating to emissions of greenhouse gases.
and availability of food and all food on land comes first from plants says Dr. Scott Goetz Deputy Director
#Celebrity endorsement encourages children to eat junk fooda study by the University of Liverpool has found that celebrity endorsement of a food product encourages children to eat more of the endorsed product.
and credibility for a brand and celebrities are used frequently in television advertising to induce children to try foods.
and a non-food context--on the choice and intake of the endorsed snack product over the same product offered as a non-branded snack item.
and in particular sports stars in advertising unhealthy or High Fat Salt and Sugar (HFSS) products.
and their appearance in other contexts prompts unhealthy food intake then this would mean that the more prominent the celebrity the more detrimental the effects on children's diets.
#Bees get a buzz from flower nectar containing caffeineyou may need a cup of coffee to kick start the day
but it seems honeybees also get their buzz from drinking flower nectar containing caffeine. Publishing in Science researchers have shown that caffeine improves a honeybee's memory
In tests honeybees feeding on a sugar solution containing caffeine which occurs naturally in the nectar of coffee
and citrus flowers were three times more likely to remember a flower's scent than those feeding on just sugar.
Study leader Dr Geraldine Wright Reader in Neuroethology at Newcastle University explained that the effect of caffeine benefits both the honeybee and the plant:
In turn bees that have fed on caffeine-laced nectar are laden with coffee pollen and these bees search for other coffee plants to find more nectar leading to better pollination.
So caffeine in nectar is likely to improve the bee's foraging prowess while providing the plant with a more faithful pollinator.
In the study researchers found that the nectar of Citrus and Coffea species often contained low doses of caffeine.
They included'robusta'coffee species mainly used to produce freeze-dried coffee and'arabica'used for espresso and filter coffee.
Grapefruit lemons pomelo and oranges were sampled also and all contained caffeine. Co-author Professor Phil Stevenson from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
so we were surprised to find it in the nectar. However it occurs at a dose that's too low for the bees to taste
Typically the nectar in the flower of a coffee plant contains almost as much caffeine as a cup of instant coffee.
Just as black coffee has a strong bitter taste to us high concentrations of caffeine are repellent to honeybees.
Dr Julie Mustard a contributor to the study from Arizona State university explains further: Although human and honeybee brains obviously have lots of differences
Unfortunately 50 to 70 percent of the phosphorus in grain is in the form of phytic acid a compound indigestible by pigs.
Phytase breaks down phytic acid and helps pigs digest more of the nutrient. The phytase enzyme has a hefty price tag for farmers
or destroyed when farmers mix feed. The Enviropig was created to solve this problem. The transgenic pig synthesizes phytase in its salivary glands eliminating the need for additional supplements or enzymes in the feed.
By digesting more phosphorus the Enviropig also produces less phosphorus in its waste. The enzyme is secreted in the saliva
and functions in a similar fashion to that of phytase included in the diet said Dr. Cecil Forsberg Professor Emeritus Department of Molecular
Though no studies indicate a food safety risk from genetically modified Enviropig pork meat from the Enviropig is not yet available for human consumption.
Forsberg said using Enviropigs could improve food production and the environment. When transgenic food animals are accepted by consumers the Enviropig perhaps would be one of the first innovations to be introduced into swine production said Forsberg.
We have demonstrated that the gene can be transferred by breeding through many generations in a stable fashion.
They have been collected occasionally in agroecosystems specifically from the canopies of orchard crops in South africa (avocadoes macadamias and pistachios)
#Pancakes with a side of math: A physiological model for sap exudation in maple treesfor many of us maple syrup is an essential part of breakfast--a staple accompaniment to pancakes
and waffles--but rarely do we think about the complicated and little-understood physiological aspects of syrup production.
Each spring maple growers in temperate regions around the world collect sap from sugar maple trees
which is one of the first steps in producing this delicious condiment. However the mechanisms behind sap exudation--processes that trigger pressure differences causing sap to flow--in maple trees are a topic of much debate.
Sugars are produced in the leaves of the maple tree by photosynthesis with the help of absorbed water carbon dioxide
In the period between this dormant state and the active growing season (during cold nights with below-freezing temperatures followed by mild warm days with above-freezing conditions) the stored starch is converted into sugar
Osmotic pressure which exists due to differences in sugar concentration between different components of the vascular tissue helps maintain stable gas bubbles
and appreciate the opportunity to interact regularly with maple syrup producers. These are people that come from a surprising variety of backgrounds ranging from farmers to retired teachers to construction company owners including very few scientists
Nonetheless we find that maple syrup producers have a real enthusiasm for our work and are excited by the potential for mathematics to contribute to their understanding of very practical problems for the industry.
and perhaps to improve efficiency in the growing and food industries as well as at the supermarket. Shiv Ram Dubey and Anand Singh Jalal of GLA University in Mathura India have developed an automated image processing system that not only quickly distinguishes between oranges
Through community-based kitchen garden programs particularly those with dedicated cooking components schools are successfully introducing students to healthier foods.
In a new study released in the March/April 2013 issue of the Journal of Nutrition Education
and then cooking the foods that kids grew increased their willingness to try new foods.
and includes 45 minutes per week in a garden class with a garden specialist and 90 minutes per week in the kitchen with a cooking specialist.
and cook 3-or 4-course meals based on available fresh produce from the garden. Different dishes prepared each week included handmade pastry bread and pasta salads curries and desserts.
According to Lisa Gibbs Phd principal investigator one of the major themes that emerged from the study was children eating
and appreciating new foods. She said The program introduced children to new ingredients and tastes and within a short time almost all children were prepared to at least try a new dish.
Teachers at several schools also reported that they had seen a noticeable improvement in the nutritional quality of the food that children had been bringing to school for snacks
and lunches since the program had been introduced. Petra Staiger Phd co-investigator from Deakin University added Data and class observations also suggested that the social environment of the class increased children's willingness to try new foods.
This included sitting down together to share and enjoy the meal that they had prepared with encouragement to taste
but no pressure to eat. For school gardens this study emphasizes the other half of the equation to growing the food in school gardens
which is learning how to prepare it#true farm to fork programs. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Elsevier.
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