or was used it for food production? It was a time of great social change so we were keen to roll back the turf to see what we could find.
Western diets that are based in animal and grain products are highly acidic and can lead to metabolic acidosis when too much acid builds up in the body.
--which contain alkali--to the diet might also help. Nimrit Goraya MD Donald Wesson MD (Texas A&m College of Medicine) and their colleagues tested this by randomizing 71 patients with hypertensive stage 4 CKD to receive added fruits and vegetables
or if they are using the products simultaneously with alcohol or drugs. Young adults are a big market for tobacco companies as they are often willing to try new products
Visual reconstruction of the placental ancestor--a small insect-eating animal--was made possible with the help of a powerful cloud-based and publicly accessible database called Morphobank.
Zinc is a critical element that we get from our diet but we do not think we can give zinc and fix everything.
Knoell's lab previously showed that zinc-deficient mice developed overwhelming inflammation in response to sepsis compared to mice on a normal diet.
Red meat and poultry provide the majority of zinc in the American diet according to the National institutes of health.
Other food sources include beans nuts some shellfish whole grains fortified cereals and dairy products. The nutrient is also available in supplement form.
Knoell said it is possible but relatively uncommon to take in too much zinc to reach toxic levels.
because most volcanoes are located on island arcs tectonic plate boundaries that don't contain continental crust.
The standard view of the greenhouse state is that you draw carbon dioxide from the deep Earth interior by a combination of more activity along the mid-ocean ridges--where tectonic plates spread--and massive breakouts of lava called'large igneous
and officials to determine similarities and differences of perspectives on biodiversity in changing farming and food systems.
The farmers'families tend to become better educated and local nonprofit groups currently supporting food security health
For example parched or toasted maize and a kind of popular fermented beverage from Bolivian maize are both readily available in Washington D c
In recent years several prominent summits on ecological concerns have identified biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems as a major sustainability issue with implications for food security conservation health and well-being and adaptation
and peoples'livelihoods there that will ultimately determine the fate of humankind's global centers of biodiversity and agrobiodiversity in particular--unequalled and unique types of many major food plants as well as minor and increasingly familiar ones.
Maize agriculture for example is both a subsistence crop--ideal for helping to ensure food security which is most important among the rural poor--and a cash crop.
Women farmers food-preparers and small-scale commercial processors are vitally important as those responsible for a majority of the management
#No clear evidence more gluten in new wheat is responsible for increase in celiac diseaseno clear evidence exists to support the idea that celiac disease is increasing in prevalence
because farmers are growing strains of wheat that contain more gluten. That's the conclusion of an article in the ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Donald D. Kasarda cites evidence that the incidence of celiac disease increased during the second half of the 20th century.
Also known as gluten intolerance celiac disease occurs when gluten a protein in wheat barley and rye damages the lining of the small intestine causing a variety of symptoms.
Nobody knows why the disease is increasing. One leading explanation suggests that it results from wheat breeding that led to production of wheat varieties containing higher levels of gluten.
Kasarda's Perspective article examined the scientific evidence for that hypothesis and found that gluten levels in various varieties have changed little on average since the 1920s.
Overall gluten consumption however has increased due to other factors. One involves increased consumption of a food additive termed vital gluten
which has tripled since 1977. Vital gluten is made a food additive from wheat flour and it is added to various food products to improve their characteristics such as texture.
Overall consumption of wheat flour also has increased so that people in 2000 consumed 2. 9 pounds more gluten annually than in 1970 nearly a 25 percent increase.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference e
#Biodiversity helps protect nature against human impactsyou don't know what you've got'til it's collapsed.
That's how University of Guelph integrative biologists might recast a line from an iconic folk tune for their new research paper warning about the perils of ecosystem breakdown.
Unlike other scientists usually relying on short-term artificial study plots the researchers studied longstanding pasture grasslands on southern Vancouver Island for 10 years.
Mccann who studies food webs and ecosystem stability said many ecosystems are at a tipping point including grasslands that may easily become either woodlands or deserts.
These patients usually had no other vascular risk factors apart from tobacco alcohol and other drug usage.
#Benefits of Bt corn go beyond rootworm resistanceengineered to produce the bacterial toxin Bt Bt corn resists attack by corn rootworm a pest that feeds on roots
Nitrogen is an important nutrient for corn and with better root systems it's possible that Bt corn uses nitrogen differently than non-resistant strains the scientists hypothesized in turn affecting corn production.
If you can protect the investment the plants made in the root system explains Below you can realize everything that roots do like take up nutrients
and the pest requires a cycad plant for food. The insect's recent invasion to the island of Guam has endangered the island's endemic cycad species. Local biologists introduced a voracious beetle predator to the island to eat the scale insects
#X-rays reveal uptake of nanoparticles by soybean cropsmetals contained in nanoparticles can enter into the food chain.
and whether engineered nanoparticles can enter into the food chain. The study was published on 6 february 2013 in the journal ACS Nano.
This is why it is very important to study the interactions of crops with nanoparticles as their possible translocation into the food chain starts here. says Jorge Gardea-Torresdey a Professor
and oil cracking processes and is used also in gas sensors sunscreen products and cosmetic creams.
Our results have shown also that Ceo2 nanoparticles can be taken up by food crops when present in the soil.
but still reaches the food chain and the next soya bean plant generation. adds Jorge Gardea-Torresdey. One must keep in mind that once engineered nanoparticles enter the food chain this is an accumulative process.
Tolerable levels today can become dangerous tomorrow. This is why it is important to study not only whether man-made nanoparticles can be taken up from soil
The syrup you pour on a pancake piles up before slowly oozing out to the sides says Dr. David Mccomas IBEX principal investigator and assistant vice president of the Swri Space science and Engineering Division.
#Exposure to pesticides in food, air and water increases risk of type 2 diabetes, study findsa study led by the University of Granada reveals that there is a direct relationship between the presence of Persistent Organic Pollutants
A study conducted at the University of Granada has revealed that there is a direct relationship between exposure to pesticides (Persistent Organic Pollutants CPOS) in food air and water and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults regardless
These compounds penetrate the body mainly through food but also through air or the skin. According to professor Arrebola the mechanism of action by which COPS increases the risk of diabetes is still unknown.
when they penetrate estrogen receptors in tissues associated with the metabolism of sugars. The prevalence of diabetes in the world has increased significantly in the last decades.
The findings published online this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences show that grooming helps insects maintain acute olfactory senses that are responsible for a host of functions including finding food sensing danger and even
The research was supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture the U s. Department of agriculture the National Science Foundation and the Blanton J. Whitmire Endowment at NC State.
#Omega-3-rich ground beef available soonthanks to Kansas State university research part of a healthy diet can include a hamburger rich with omega-3 fatty acids.
Jim Drouillard professor of animal sciences and industry developed a technique that enriches ground beef with omega-3 fatty acids--fatty acids that have been shown to reduce heart disease cholesterol and high blood pressure.
The enriched ground beef is named Greato Premium Ground beef and is being sold through Manhattan Kan. -based company NBO3 Technologies LLC.
It will be available Mid-february at select retailers in Buffalo N y . and expand to leading retailers and restaurants nationwide later this year.
Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish and plant oils. The U s. currently does not have recommended a daily intake of omega-3s
A quarter-pound hamburger made of the enriched ground beef has 200 milligrams of omega-3s and tastes the same as regular ground beef Drouillard said.
This makes the ground beef an alternative for people who want to add or increase their omega-3 fatty acids intake
but do not want fish or supplements to do so. As a society Americans'consumption of fish especially fish that contributes to these omega-3 fats is quite low compared to other proteins Drouillard said.
Americans do however like hamburgers. So if we can give people a hamburger that is rich in omega-3s it's an alternative form of a product that they already eat
and does not require a lifestyle change which is difficult to make. The health benefits of omega-3s are limited not to humans.
and beef cattle with an enriched diet of flaxseed and other omega-3 rich grains have fewer respiratory diseases.
The technology to enrich ground beef with omega-3s is a spinoff of flaxseed research Drouillard began in 1998.
Research showed that omega-3 levels dramatically increased in the cattle as more flaxseed was introduced into their diet.
This causes ground beef to have low levels of omega-3s. Christian Alvarado Gilis a doctoral candidate in animal sciences and industry is researching how to improve omega-3 levels in cattle diets to further enhance the fat profile of beef.
Gilis is from Chile. According to Drouillard substituting omega-3 fatty acids for saturated fats does not change the ground beef's flavor.
Knowing that there are a lot of desirable flavor characteristics associated with the fat in beef we performed tons of sensory panel tests with Kansas State university's meat science faculty
and with the department of human nutrition throughout the years to ensure that the flavor is compromised not Drouillard said.
We found that our panelists were never able to detect appreciable differences in the flavor profiles of the omega-3 rich beef
and non-omega-3 beef even though the fats are quite different. The owners of NBO3 Technologies LLC have worked closely with Drouillard in developing the concept
and after more than a decade of research on improving the enrichment process have started to distribute omega-3 enriched ground beef to retailers and food vendors.
The ground beef is part of the company's line of omega-3 enriched foods which includes pork chicken cheese milk butter and ice cream.
It will be the first ground beef to carry the U s. Food and Drug Administration's seal of approval for containing omega-3 fatty acids.
Todd Hansen CEO of NBO3 Technologies LLC said consumer response has been positive in test markets.
We have to leap two hurdles with Greato Premium Ground beef which are that the omega-3 fatty acids are really in the beef
and that it doesn't change the flavor Hansen said. Based on our consumer response we've cleared those hurdles.
We really believe in the health aspect of this product and are using the slogan 'When Every Bite Counts'to emphasize that.
and this work supports the USDA priority of promoting international food security. The researcher selected three winter cover crops often grown in the Salinas Calif. area--rye mustard
and a legume-rye mix --and planted each cover crop using either a typical seeding rate
The legume-rye and rye cover crops produced approximately 25 percent more dry matter biomass than the mustard crops.
while rye and mustard crops appeared to suppress weeds adequately with typical seeding rates. The long-term study also provided Brennan with more data about year-to-year yield variations in the legume-rye mix including why legumes
when she was incubating an egg in the same area of the refuge. She was at least five years old at the time.
Albatross lay only one egg a year but it takes much of a year to incubate
However as reported by James Cook sailors regularly killed and ate albatross. Albatross are remarkable fliers who travel thousands of miles on wind currents without ever flapping their wings.
They do this by angling their 6-foot wings to adjust for wind currents and varying air speeds above the water.
Nineteen of 21 species of albatross are threatened with extinction according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Although the plastic may not kill the chicks directly it reduces their food intake which leads to dehydration
which prey on chicks nesting adults and eggs. Albatross evolved on islands where land mammals were absent
Called corn by most people in North america modern variants of the Zea mays plant are among the indispensable food crops that feed billions of the planet's people.
As global population soars beyond 6 billion and heads for an estimated 8 to 9 billion by mid-century efforts to boost yields of essential food crops takes on ever greater potential significance.
or allele associated with higher kernel yield with the best maize lines used in today's food crops to ask
Dairy foods provide several important nutrients that are beneficial for bone health says lead author Shivani Sahni Ph d. Musculoskeletal Research Team IFAR.
However cream and its products such as ice cream have lower levels of these nutrients and have higher levels of fat and sugar.
In this study 2. 5--3 servings of milk and yogurt intake per day were associated with better bone density.
More research is needed to examine the role of cheese intake (some of which can be high in fat
and sodium) and whether individual dairy foods have a significant impact in reducing fractures. IFAR researchers based their findings on data collected from a food frequency questionnaire completed by 3212 participants from the Framingham Offspring study.
They then compared participants'dairy intake with BMD measurement which revealed the benefits of milk and yogurt versus cream in largely middle-aged men and women.
According to the study nutrient composition varies among dairy foods. Choosing low-fat milk or yogurt over cream can increase intake of protein calcium and Vitamin d while limiting intake of saturated fats.
This study is an example of a growing area of research focused on the relationship between nutrition and bone health.
Past studies suggest that dairy products contain more than one beneficial nutrient and for this reason certain dairy products may contribute towards maintaining healthier bones.
Research like this supports the idea that proper nutrition can help combat osteoporosis and fractures.
Osteoporosis is considered a major public health threat for an estimated 44 million Americans or half of those aged 50 and older.#¢
#¢An estimated 10 million in the U s. already have the disease. Women are at higher risk than men.#¢
-HC-25195) the Melvin First Young Investigator Award and General mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition.
Dogs caring for orphaned kittens chimps sharing food or dolphins nudging injured mates to the surface.
which each fertilized seed contained two siblings--an embryo and a corresponding bit of tissue known as endosperm that feeds the embryo as the seed grows said CU-Boulder Professor Pamela Diggle.
We found that endosperm that does not share the same father as the embryo does not hand over as much food--it appears to be acting less cooperatively.
Diggle said it is fairly clear from previous research that plants can preferentially withhold nutrients from inferior offspring
When the endosperm gives all of its food to the embryo and then dies it doesn't get more altruistic than that.
what feeds the world said Friedman who also directs the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard. If flowering plants weren't here humans wouldn't be here.
and characterized with regards to its protein and sugar composition. The antibody was shown also to be active in neutralizing a broad panel of rabies viruses
and associated fishery yields threatening riverine livelihoods and food security. Adequate protection of Amazon freshwater ecosystems requires broadening the forest-centric focus of prevailing environmental management
but that they weren't a significant source of any other plant nutrients. Results from this work have been published in Agronomy Journal.
It's still unclear why the habitats would create such a perfect storm for the virus. The researchers speculate that mosquitoes are drawn to orchards for plant nectar during flowering
and away from other competing carnivores such as lions and the new study shows that the birds will go to considerable lengths to find food crossing multiple state boundaries with each bird on average ranging across an area twice the size of England.
We found that young vultures travel much further than we ever imagined to find food sometimes moving more than 220 kilometres a day.
The vultures may actively avoid parks with numerous large mammal predators due to competition for food
We found evidence that individual birds were attracted to'vulture restaurants'where carrion is regularly put out as an extra source of food for vultures
Such'restaurants'could be used in future to attract vultures to areas away from sites where they are at high risk of poisoning.
The provision of an uncontaminated supply of food research into veterinary practices and education for farmers could all be part of a future solution
#In beef production, cow-calf phase contributes most greenhouse gasesscientists have known long that cattle produce carbon dioxide
and methane throughout their lives but a new study pinpoints the cow-calf stage as a major contributor of greenhouse gases during beef production.
which production system farmers used beef production has a carbon footprint ranging from 10.7 to 22.6 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per kg of hot carcass weight.
If you look at everything that contributes to greenhouse gases through the beef supply chain then it is the cow-calf that produces the greatest greenhouse gases Mitloehner said.
During this time the cow eats rough plants like hay and grasses. The methane-producing bacteria in the cow's gut thrive on these plants.
The more roughage is in the diet of the ruminant animal the more methane is produced by the microbes in the gut of the ruminant
In feedlots by contrast cattle eat mostly corn and grains which the methane-producing bacteria cannot use as effectively.
The beef industry has been paying close attention to greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. We are doing a lot to measure
and mitigate our impact said Chase Adams director of communications for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.
In a 2011 paper for the Journal of Animal Science researcher Jude Capper showed that the beef industry today uses significantly less water and land than 30 years ago.
The industry has reduced also its carbon footprint by 16.3 percent per billion kilograms of beef produced.
According to Mitloehner beef producers can further reduce their carbon impact by using new technologies like growth promotants.
and they choose organic beef or beef with reduced amounts of growth promotants. The technologies many consumers are critical of are those that help us receive the greatest environmental gains Mitloehner said.
Researchers show ionic liquids effective for pre-treating mixed blends of biofuel feedstockswinemakers have known long that blending different grape varietals can favorably balance the flavor characteristics of the wine they produce.
and can generate high yields of fermentable sugars regardless of upstream processing says Blake Simmons a chemical engineer who heads JBEI's Deconstruction Division.
and milled into either flour or pellets then pre-treated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mim OAC) the ionic liquid used at JBEI as a benchmark for biomass processing.
and densification on the efficiency at which the complex polysaccharides in cellulosic biomass could be converted into fermentable sugars for fuel production.
but not much scientific attention has been paid to the efficiency of converting mixtures of feedstocks into fermentable sugars and fuels.
Produced from the microbial fermentation of sugars in lignocellulosic biomass advanced biofuels are clean green and renewable
The sugars in lignocellulosic biomass however are complex polysaccharides that are embedded deeply within a very recalcitrant material called lignin.
and help hydrolyze the released polysaccharides into sugars that can be fermented by microbes researchers at JBEI
Milling feedstocks into flour or pellets is an effective process for large-scale energy densification but before this latest study it was unknown as to how densification of single
or mixed feedstocks would impact ionic liquid pretreatment and sugar yield. The JBEI/INL collaboration mixed switchgrass lodgepole pine corn stover and eucalyptus in flour and pellets and within 24 hours of saccharification were able to obtain sugar yields of up to 90-percent
for both forms. Pellets because of their higher energy density would be preferred the form. Our work is the first demonstration that ionic liquid pretreatments can effectively handle mixed
We're continuing the collaboration to next identify the most economical pelletized feedstock mixtures based on targeted regions of the United states. We''then determine how efficiently our process can convert these mixtures into fermentable sugars.
and other dramatic negative interactions but those alone do not determine the course life On earth.
and is now studying nutrition in a doctoral program at Cornell University. She said her work studying protein metabolism in gypsy moth caterpillars shaped her decision to pursue a doctorate in nutrition.
My career in nutrition research began in Ray's lab she said. I am looking forward to seeing where it leads me.
Kochmanski is now a master's student at the U-M School of Public health focusing on toxicology.
The protein study showed that gypsy moths would have to devour more maple leaves than oak leaves to achieve the same amount of nourishment.
Advice commonly given to consumers includes reducing the number of flights taken replacing energy-hungry appliances and lightbulbs with energy efficient ones and eating less red meat.
He claims that out of the above examples only eating less meat reduces total emissions
Driving your car less eating less red meat and improving the insulation of your home substantially reduces your carbon footprint.
so researchers led by David Med vigy assis tant pro fes sor in Princeton's depart ment of geo sciences wanted to eval u ate pre dic tions of spring bud burst
The date of bud burst affects how much car bon diox ide is taken up each year yet most cli mate mod els have used overly sim plis tic schemes for rep re sent ing
spring bud burst mod el ing for exam ple a sin gle species of tree to rep re sent all the trees in a geo graphic region.
In 2012 the Prince ton team pub lished a new model that relied on warm ing tem per a tures and the wan ing num ber of cold days to pre dict
spring bud burst. The model which was pub lished in the Jour nal of Geo phys
i cal Research proved accu rate when com pared to data on actual bud burst in the north east ern United states. In the cur rent paper pub lished online in Geo phys
i cal Research Let ters Med vigy and his col leagues tested the model against a broader set of obser va tions col lected by the USA National Phe nol ogy Net work a nationwide tree ecol ogy mon
The team incor po rated the 2012 model into pre dic tions of future bud burst based on four pos si ble cli mate sce nar ios
The team esti mated that com pared to the late 20th cen tury red maple bud burst will occur 8 to 40 days ear lier depend ing on the part of the coun try by the year 2100.
The researchers also eval u ated how warm ing tem per a tures could affect the bud burst date of dif fer ent species of tree.
They found that bud burst shifted to ear lier in the year in both early-budding trees such as com mon aspen (Pop u lus tremu loides)
and that over time the dif fer ences in bud ding dates narrowed. The researchers noted that early bud burst may give decid u ous trees such as oaks
and maples a com pet i tive advan tage over ever green trees such as pines and hem locks.
or bud burst that moves from south to north across the con ti nent dur ing the spring.
because bud burst causes an abrupt change in how quickly energy water and pol lu tants are exchanged between the land and the atmos phere.
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