and dish soap and put a light over the pan to attract the bugs in a dark room.
Still the solution could give some reprieve to homeowners who find thousands of these cilantro-smelling bugs in their homes.
Stink bugs feed as nymphs and adults on the fruit and pods of plants which maximizes their chances to render a crop unmarketable.
These bugs have been documented to feed on many of our important agricultural crops including apples peaches grapes soybean peppers tomatoes corn and cotton.
and play an important role in the decomposition of organic material as well as serving as a food source for other higher level species. However the almost 7000 species living in European waters are currently facing a major challenge
At the same time farmers need better pesticides to grow food while pesticide manufacturers aim to design effective pesticides without unacceptable side effects based on our understanding of pesticide effects in nature.
and play an important role in the decomposition of organic material as well as serving as a food source for other higher level species. However the almost 7000 species living in European waters are currently facing a major challenge
At the same time farmers need better pesticides to grow food while pesticide manufacturers aim to design effective pesticides without unacceptable side effects based on our understanding of pesticide effects in nature.
#School-based gardening encourages healthier eating in childrenschool-based gardening schemes can increase the amount of fruit
Before and after the project the children completed questionnaires about their eating habits and had recorded BMI measurements.
It seems that encouraging children to see the benefits of healthy eating through integrated school projects could help to entrench healthy eating behaviour.
When they emerged there were likely ash trees nearby providing food for the beetles and their offspring.
In addition this was the first study to use tree rings to track the spread of an invasive tree-feeding insect.
Some of the spread was natural--adult beetles flying from one ash tree to another. However new satellite populations were started by people transporting infested ash trees from nurseries or as logs and firewood.
Problems ranged from road salt to drought to changing water tables. When shiny green beetles emerged from dying ash trees
some crop nutrients will fall, researchers findresearchers have some bad news for future farmers and eaters:
As carbon dioxide levels rise this century some grains and legumes will become significantly less nutritious than they are today.
and sorghum grown in fields with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels like those expected in the middle of this century.
Nutrients in sorghum and maize remained relatively stable at higher CO2 levels because these crops use a type of photosynthesis called C4
and sorghum and millet have said he. Our previous work here at Illinois has shown that their photosynthesis rates are stimulated not by being elevated at CO2.
because that's just a terrible gap in our knowledge given that that's where food security is already the biggest issue he said.
These chemical crosslinks are attached by phosphate ester bonds which can be degraded by catalysts--in particular alkaline phosphatase--that are produced naturally by bone tissue.
which through nutrition and hormones results in long-lived queens that lay all the thousands of eggs in a colony
and barren workers that forage for food and protect the hive. Bee researchers had observed already that honeybees including Africanized Apis mellifera better known as killer bees divide tasks by age.
The GCIS enables traceability between environmental data streams (such as observations from sensors and outputs from models) and the resulting scientific findings and publications.
Going forward the GCIS is intended to expand to provide this traceability for other key reports. The Third National Climate Assessment was developed over four years by hundreds of the Nation's top climate scientists
and some of the fastest-growing metropolitan areasâ#The Gulf and Atlantic coasts are major producers of seafood
Increasingly constrained freshwater supplies coupled with increased temperatures stress both people and ecosystems and decrease food and water security.
and illnesses transmitted by food water and disease carriers such as mosquitoes and ticks. Some of these health impacts are already underway in the United states. Climate change will absent other changes amplify some of the existing health threats the Nation now faces.
and livestock across the country--a trend that could diminish the security of our food supplyâ#Climate change effects on agriculture will have consequences for food security both in the U s. and globally through changes in crop yields and food prices and effects on food processing
Climate change impacts on biodiversity are already being observed in alteration of the timing of critical biological events such as spring bud burst and substantial range shifts of many species. In the longer term there is an increased risk
and productivity of many marine species. The rising temperature and changing chemistry of ocean water combine with other stresses such as overfishing and coastal and marine pollution to alter marine-based food production
#College kids need to change unhealthy waysparents forget the comfort food! It's time to send your college students care packages of fruit veggies
Other unhealthy behaviors or conditions--alcohol binge drinking tobacco use and obesity/being overweight--appear to cluster differently among college students depending on their race the scientists found.
For example tobacco use and alcohol binge drinking seem to go hand in hand for all subgroups except black students.
which there were students who engaged in all five unhealthy behaviors/conditions (alcohol binge drinking tobacco use insufficient fruit
and ethyl phenol could leach into salt and fresh water and be acutely toxic to aquatic microorganisms and fish.
The researchers call filtered cigarettes a farce in terms of consumer safety with a recent National Cancer Institute review showing that these are not healthier
and a deposit-return scheme similar to that used for glass and metal beverage containers. Other options include requesting the industry to pay an advanced recycling fee
Quick, easy, keeps you trimtofu has long been a favorite among vegetarians and families with eastern ancestry.
But now Tofu is becoming a bigger part of western diets especially with 20-something women who want dishes that are quick easy to cook
A new Cornell study published this May in Eating Behaviorsinvolving 502 young women (20-35 years old) showed that tofu lovers saw it as a great source of light inexpensive energizing protein.
Importantly they also believed you could cook firm Tofu just like chicken but you didn't have to worry about it spoiling said co-author Adam Brumberg.
The study also uncovered some interesting insights into how Tofu lovers can get their reluctant friends and family members to try new foods like Tofu.
and an easy-to-cook food the non-users thought Tofu was difficult to cook needed special extra ingredients
in fact many estimated prices being as much as one dollar per pound higher than beef when asked to estimate the cost of a 1 pound block of Tofu.
and diet related aspects of Tofu such as being high in protein and calcium or that it has no cholesterol only resulted in a 12%increase in the likelihood of purchase.
and having them read the phrase Cooks Like Chicken made the non-users almost 50%more likely to say they'd be willing to try cooking with Tofu at home!
and putting it on salads. Although Tofu is sold in different firmness levels the study's sponsor House Foods America indicated that the firm
and extra firm Tofu are the most popular among new Tofu converts. What's the key take away of this study?
and filling and cooking like chicken. In no time they'll be making Tofu Scramble Stir fry and all the other dishes the Tofu lovers in the study listed as big parts of their diets.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cornell Food & Brand Lab. The original article was written by Adam Brumberg.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Perceived barriers limit healthy eating in low-income, minority communitieslow-income and minority communities and people participating in food assistance programs are more likely to consume fewer fruits
and vegetables depriving them of the health benefits of those foods. However the government provides assistance such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants
and Children (WIC) designed to improve the dietary quality of at-risk women and children and improve their ability to purchase nutrient-dense foods.
To help promote the purchase of nutrient-dense foods WIC provides cash value vouchers (CVV) to participants specifically for fruit and vegetable products.
However researchers discovered that some barriers to purchasing nutrient-dense foods still exist for WIC participants in a recent study of WIC participants in Arizona.
Barriers that emerged from participant discussions included negative interactions with either the cashier or other shoppers issues with lack of training of store cashiers difficulty keeping up with changes in the WIC rules and embarrassment and judgment in relation to using WIC said lead author Farryl M
. W. Bertmann Phd RD Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition Omaha NE. Benefits were discussed also by participants such as comparative ease of use of CVV
and inclusion of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables to maximize convenience. The study took place in the form of focus groups in areas of metro Phoenix with high WIC enrollment.
Participants were recruited from current WIC participant lists. Of 192 women recruited for the study 41 participated across the focus groups 11 currently pregnant eight up to six months postpartum nine breastfeeding
The above story is provided based on materials by Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Home food environment of overweight womenthe home is an important microenvironment in models of obesity
and the Cancer Coalition of South Georgia sought to examine the home food environment and determine which aspects are associated with healthy eating in low-income overweight and obese women who receive healthcare through local federally-qualified community health centers.
Among a group of primarily obese African american female patients in southwest Georgia researchers looked at food inventories food placement grocery shopping food preparation meal serving practices family
meals from non-home sources television watching while eating and family support for healthy eating.
Participant behaviors were documented first at baseline and then at 6-and 12-month with follow-up telephone interviews.
The women all of whom lived with at least 1 other person reported an average of 14 types of fruits and vegetables in their home 4. 6 unhealthy foods in the home during the past week and 1. 8
unhealthy beverage items. They occasionally used healthy food preparation methods and they used healthy meal-serving practices fairly often.
Participants reported serving family meals from non-home sources 2. 6 days per week; most often those meals came from fast-food restaurants or takeout.
Eating evening meals other meals and snacks in front of the television was fairly common. According to lead author Michelle C. Kegler Drph Many factors likely contribute to obesity in South Georgia
but the home clearly plays a role through easy access to high fat snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages like sweet tea.
The methods used for preparing meals also make a difference like frying versus baking. This led the researchers to conclude that
although fruit and vegetables in the home were plentiful the methods of preparation and availability of high-calorie foods in the home may be contributing to obesity.
Likewise eating in front of the television was fairly common and may be a challenging practice to address
when people spend a lot of time at home. According to the researchers of this study future work should use these results to examine social and other types of support in the home necessary to change behaviors that lead to obesity.
Likewise studies should examine how the home food environment varies in different regions. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference e
#Factors leading to diabetes may contribute to milk supply problems for new mothersnew studies provide fresh evidence that the same factors that lead to diabetes contribute to low milk supply in some new mothers.
The findings show how a simple mechanism allows an insect the pea aphid to regulate the manufacturing of essential nutrients supplied by its symbiotic bacteria called Buchnera aphidicola.
The pea aphid feeds on plant sap. Its diet is deficient in essential nutrients called amino acids.
The aphid can produce some amino acids on its own but the rest it must get from beneficial bacteria that live inside aphid cells.
That conversion of going from a diet with an inappropriate nutritional profile to an appropriate profile occurs in collaboration between the bacteria
whether the production of nutrients changes with supply and demand and if so how it happens.
and it's deficient in the pea aphid's diet. Glutamine is ferried across a membrane that surrounds the cells where the bacteria lives by an amino acid transporter named Apglnt1.
To study this transport mechanism the researchers used a procedure that uses frog eggs (called oocytes) to manufacture Apglnt1.
When aphid demand for essential nutrients is high the transporter imports large amounts of precursor
and the precursor is converted into essential nutrients that are returned to the aphid Price says. Conversely when there is low aphid essential nutrient demand little precursor is imported
and the essential nutrient production factory is shut down. A remarkably basic mechanism regulates the biosynthesis of symbiont-produced arginine in response to the needs of the pea aphid.
Further these expansions result from large-scale gene duplications that took place independently in different sap-eating insects.
#Food security increased by new scientific model in agricultural productionfarmers are used to optimizing crop production on their own lands.
and they sometimes plant row crops on some fields while keeping others in pasture. But is it possible to optimize production across a much bigger area--say the whole East Coast of the United states?
What's driving the research are mounting concerns about food security across the Eastern Seaboard Region (ESR.
The region is wealthy enough to import all the food it needs says USDA-ARS researcher Dave Fleisher who leads the overall project.
and vegetables and there are a substantial number of people who are food insecure. Add in uncertainties like climate change and volatile transportation prices and it's clear why many people think the ESR should meet more of its own food needs.
So the big question from my perspective is: what are the biophysical constraints that limit agricultural production in this region?
It's a staple food for one and yet the ESR grows only about 30%of the potatoes it consumes according to U s. Census data.
The research is part of a much larger effort called Enhancing Food security in the Northeast with Regional Food Systems (EFSNE) led by Penn State university.
Funded by USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) EFSNE is investigating the benefits that increased regional food production may hold both for consumers--especially in disadvantaged neighborhoods--and for local farmers retailers distributors and others in the food supply chain.
The goal in other words isn't just to see how much food the Northeast can grow. Says Fleisher We also want to know:
what is the value of regionally produced food? Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Crop science Society of America (CSSA.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Is self-fumigation for the birds? Save threatened species by giving them treated cotton for nestswhen University of Utah biologists set out cotton balls treated with a mild pesticide wild finches in the Galapagos islands used the cotton to help build their nests killing parasitic
Parasitic nest flies lay their eggs in finch nests which have shaped dome roofs of woven plant fibers.
When the eggs hatch they become larva or maggots which feed on the blood of nestlings
and on mother finches brooding their eggs and nestlings. Past studies found that in some years maggots kill all the nestlings in nests they parasitize
the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) and vegetarian finch (Platyspiza crassirostris.
tomato eaters winscientists from the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have identified a benign bacterium that shows promise in blocking Salmonella from colonizing raw tomatoes.
Since the millennium this pathogen has caused 12 multistate outbreaks of food-borne illness--more than one each year.
and other crops that have lately been responsible for outbreaks of food-borne Salmonella and E coli.
How did humans get food? Without domestication--without food--it's hard for populations to settle down he said.
Domestication was the key for all subsequent human civilization. The study appears this the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Examining crop domestication tells us how our ancestors developed food feed and fiber leading to today's crops and products.
but there are increasing demands for food production and understanding the genetic basis of past plant improvement should help future efforts he said.
and provide low-cost food sources the level of physical activity required also offers a multitude of health benefits.
Nagrath director of Rice's Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases said the new metabolic analysis indicates that ovarian cancer may be susceptible to multidrug cocktails particularly
They allowed adult insects to feed for two to three days and immature stages to feed until full maturity when possible.
U s. corn and soybeans account for approximately 40 and 35 percent of global production respectively making the results important to the world's food supply.
because the findings have strong implications throughout the food chain. There are a number of risk management implications for farmers he said.
What happens to meat prices when corn yields diminish? There are lots of tradeoffs involved in this issue.
#Antimicrobial edible films inhibit pathogens in meatantimicrobial agents incorporated into edible films applied to foods to seal in flavor freshness
and color can improve the microbiological safety of meats according to researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences.
Using films made of pullulan--an edible mostly tasteless transparent polymer produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pulluns--researchers evaluated the effectiveness of films containing essential oils derived from rosemary oregano
and nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens associated with meat and poultry. The results demonstrate that the bacterial pathogens were inhibited significantly by the use of the antimicrobial films said Catherine Cutter professor of food science.
She hopes that the research will lead to the application of edible antimicrobial films to meat and poultry either before packaging or more likely as part of the packaging process.
In the study which was published online in the April issue of the Journal of Food Science researchers determined survivability of bacterial pathogens after treatment with 2 percent oregano essential oil 2 percent rosemary essential oil
zinc oxide nanoparticles or silver nanoparticles. The compounds then were incorporated into edible films made from pullulan
and the researchers determined the antimicrobial activity of these films against bacterial pathogens inoculated onto petri dishes.
Finally the researchers experimentally inoculated fresh and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products with bacterial pathogens treated them with the pullulan films containing the essential oils
or further-processed meat and poultry products said Cutter. The research shows that we can apply these food-grade films
and have them do double duty--releasing antimicrobials and imparting characteristics to protect and improve food we eat.
Working in Cutter's laboratory in the Department of Food Science Mohamed Morsy a doctoral student at Benha University in Egypt conducted the research.
Morsy was at Penn State as a Borlaug Fellow through a grant provided by the USDA-Foreign Agricultural Service.
but effective way to deliver antimicrobial agents to meats Cutter explained because the bacteria-killing action is longer lasting.
The pullulan films adhere to the meat allowing the incorporated antimicrobials to slowly dissolve providing immediate and sustained kill of bacteria.
Cutter conceded that pullulan films are not as oxygen-impermeable as plastic packaging now used to package meats so the edible films are not likely to replace that material.
The meat industry likes the properties of the polyethylene vacuum packaging materials that they are using now she said.
and keep bacteria in meat at bay further research will be aimed at creating what Cutter referred to as active packaging--polyethylene film with antimicrobial properties.
because marrying the two materials together in packaging would make foods--especially meat and poultry--safer to eat.
On a beautiful December day in 2013 they found the precious nutrients in the tears of a spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) relaxing on the banks of the RÃ o Puerto Viejo in northeastern Costa rica.
Though bountiful in the ocean salt is often a rare and valuable resource on land especially for vegetarians.
Tear-drinking lachryphagous behavior in bees had only recently been observed by biologists. He remembered a 2012 report of a solitary bee sipping the tears of a yellow-spotted river turtle in Ecuador's Yasunã National park
He was surprised to find more evidence of tear-drinking than he expected in the collective online record of wilderness enthusiasts casual tourists professional photographers and scientists.
A search of the scientific literature produced a detailed study of bees drinking human tears in Thailand as well as the remembered October 2012 Trails
One day he spied a new species of dragonfly on his way to breakfast. It had emerged from its larval form in the small pool of water caught in the cupped leaves of a bromeliad plant.
However in cattle pastures there were only 11. Lead researcher Dr James Gilroy from the University of East Anglia's school of Environmental sciences carried out the research while at the Norwegian University of Life sciences.
Von humboldt Bogota Colombia and James Cook University Australia. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Sheffield University of.
and Dr Estrella Luna at the University of Sheffield has identified the key receptor binding a chemical called BABA (Î-aminobutyric acid)
BABA has long been known for its protective effects against devastating plant diseases such as potato blight but has so far not been used widely in crop protection because of undesirable side effects.
We have found that the plant receptor binding BABA is an'aspartyl trna synthetase 'which we have called IBI1.
By contrast priming of multi-genic immunity by BABA is difficult to break thus offering more durable crop protection.
Since plant immunisation by BABA is primed long-lasting crops would require fewer applications of fungicides thereby increasing sustainability of crop protection.
Proof-of-concept experiments have shown already that BABA is detected in a similar manner by tomato plants.
#Summer grazing enables high milk yield of dairy cowspart-time grazing is a good alternative to full-time silage diet of dairy cows.
When planned properly the milk yields of rotationally-grazed dairy cows remain as high at pasture as in indoor feeding.
Agriculture & Forestry) Senior Researcher at the MTT Agrifood Research Finland detected in his doctoral dissertation study that the principles of feeding planning normally used for silage feeding also apply to grazing.
No particular factor was found in grazing that would significantly differ from silage feeding as long as the pasture rotation is in order
and the forage value of the pasture is taken into account he points out. Dietary experiments provide information of forage digestibilitythe objective of the doctoral dissertation was to seek dietary factors that limit the milk yield of grazing cows.
The study included nine different dietary experiments with concentrate supplement varying from zero to 12 kg provided twice a day as the cows were milked.
With the exception of two experiments the concentrate was of industrial origin. In addition to changing the amount of concentrate supplement the cows had free access to forage at pasture or an herbage allowance between 19 and 25 kg of dry matter/cow per day.
In milk yield experiments the yield responses to concentrate supplementation were defined facilitating economic comparison between grazing
One of the experiments looked into the physiological factors of a diet of freshly cut grass in tie-stall conditions.
The flow of nutrients was defined by taking samples from the cow's rumen and omasum.
when the feed contains digestible forage from pasture and a varying amount of concentrate supplement.
The control group was in full-time silage feeding indoors. Sufficient amount of pasture and flat-rate concentrate feeding The responses to concentrate at pasture were quite similar to those reported in the reference material for concentrate feeding.
In numerical terms the response to silage seems to be somewhat higher at pasture than with exclusive silage feeding considering the high forage value of the grass from pasture.
This can only be explained by the fact that for some reason or another a cow cannot intake unlimited amounts of forage from pasture.
The physiology of the rumen did not limit the intake of forage so the limitation must derive from pasture management factors.
One example of such factors is that cows have to collect their forage from a large area
Judging by changes in the milk production and live weight of cows 20 kg of dry matter per day per hectare at pasture is not enough for per cow
and ensure availability of a sufficient amount of forage from pasture. On the basis of the study 25 kg of dry matter is a sufficient amount of pasture
but to avoid any risks the amount of forage from pasture can be even higher.
The responses to concentrate remained the same throughout the lactation period with the exception of the very end of the period.
This means that the proportion of concentrate in the diet can be the same during the most part of lactation.
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