And for those suffering from an allergy to some grasses the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of the oral dissolvable tablets designed to help treat symptoms may be beneficial.
How Capn Crunchs gaze is influencing your purchasingin a study of 65 cereals in 10 different grocery stores Cornell researchers found that cereals marketed to kids are placed half as high on supermarket shelves as adult cereals--the average height
To examine the influence of cereal box spokes-characters Cornell Food and Brand Lab Researchers Aner Tal and Brian Wansink in collaboration with Aviva Musicus Yale university asked two questions:
To test this they evaluated 65 types of cereal and 86 different spokes-characters in 10 different grocery stores in New york and Connecticut.
Participants were shown randomly one of two versions of the box in one version the rabbit was looking straight at the viewer
and in the other the rabbit looked down. Findings show that brand trust was 16%higher
when the rabbit made eye contact. Furthermore participants indicated liking Trix better compared to another cereal
when the rabbit made eye contact. This finding shows that cereal box spokes-characters that make eye contact may increase positive feelings towards the product
It's a surprise to find methane is such a big source of energy in these gin-clear waters famed for their luxuriant plant growth said co-author Professor Mark Trimmer Head of the Aquatic Ecology Group at Queen Mary
In the riverbed of the Lambourn the contribution of energy derived from methane to the food web varied seasonally peaking in the summer
and limits photosynthesis. Particular types of bacteria consume methane creating food for grazing insects and consequently the rest of the food web including trout.
The research could have implications for the agriculture sector which contributes to more than a third of greenhouse gas emissions.
000 yearscharred grains of barley millet and wheat deposited nearly 5000 years ago at campsites in the high plains of Kazakhstan show that nomadic sheepherders played a surprisingly important role in the early spread of domesticated
Bread wheat cultivated at least 6000 years ago in Southwest asia was absent in China before 2500 B c
Finding this diverse crop assemblage at Tasbas and Begash illustrates first evidence for the westward spread of East Asian
and weight of the catch for 40 species. The hydrological data include daily water level measurements recorded in the Madeira Purus and Amazonas-Solimã es rivers.
According to the researchers particles in fine clay-like soil seem to have a larger surface area to bind nutrients and water.
In contrast sandy soils have larger particles with less surface area retaining fewer nutrients and less organic matter.
If you disrupt the community in a sandy soil all of the nutrients the microbes rely on for food are leached away:
and the nutrients remain trapped tightly in the muddy clay. The researchers also examined how the effects of deforestation on microbial biodiversity change over time.
Contrary to their expectations they found no correlation even over the course of 200 years. The effects are consistent no matter how long ago deforestation happened Crowther said.
and the nutrients are retained for long periods of time and the community doesn't change.
In an era of climate change pollution and the global spread of pathogens these new grains must also be able to handle stress.
#Patients with gluten intolerance: New therapies possibleresearchers at Mcmaster University have discovered a key molecule that could lead to new therapies for people with celiac disease an often painful and currently untreatable autoimmune disorder.
Celiac disease is a food sensitivity to dietary gluten contained in cereals. In people who are predisposed genetically gluten containing food will trigger an immune response that leads to destruction of the intestinal lining abdominal pain changes in bowel habits malnutrition
and many other symptoms that include anemia and neurological problems. People with this disease cannot eat food containing wheat rye or barley
which is a main source of protein intake in the western diet. Researchers in the Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute at Mcmaster University have discovered that a molecule elafin
which is present in the intestine of healthy individuals is decreased significantly in patients with celiac disease.
When people with celiac disease eat food containing gluten the digestive enzymes cannot digest it and left over peptides from digestion induce inflammation.
This inflammation is amplified further by an enzyme called tissue transglutaminase 2. An intriguing finding of the research say scientists was that elafin by interacting with the transglutaminase 2 enzyme decreased the enzymatic reaction that increases the toxicity of peptides derived from gluten.
In studies with mice the researchers found that the administration of the elafin molecule protects the intestinal lining of the upper gut that is damaged by gluten.
Following a gluten-free diet is very difficult because gluten is used not only in the food industry
but in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as a common low cost filler. â#oepeople who have to strictly avoid gluten for life often find this very difficult due to these hidden sourcesâ#said Elena Verdu associate professor of Medicine in the Michael G. Degroote
School of medicine. â#oethere is need a great for a therapy that will protect patients with celiac disease from these accidental contaminations. â#Verdu says the results raise the possibility of elafin administration
or replacement as a new adjuvant therapy to the gluten free diet. â#oethis would add flexibility to a restrictive lifelong diet
Recently gluten intolerance has been reported in patients who do not have celiac disease (non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
Development of new therapies such as this one could help in the management of common gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome that could be triggered also by wheat containing food.
and vegetable consumption with lower mortalityeating seven or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day reduces your risk of death at any point in time by 42%compared to eating less than one portion reports a new UCL study.
Researchers used the Health Survey for England to study the eating habits of 65226 people representative of The english population between 2001 and 2013 and found that the more fruit
Compared to eating less than one portion of fruit and vegetables the risk of death by any cause is reduced by 14%by eating one to three portions 29%for three to five portions 36%for five to seven portions and 42%for seven or more.
and alcohol intake and exclude deaths within a year of the food survey. The study published in the Journal of Epidemiology
%Salad contributed to a 13%risk reduction per portion and each portion of fresh fruit was associated with a smaller but still significant 4%reduction.
We all know that eating fruit and vegetables is healthy but the size of the effect is staggering says Dr Oyinlola Oyebode of UCL's Department of Epidemiology
Whatever your starting point it is always worth eating more fruit and vegetables. In our study even those eating one to three portions had a significantly lower risk than those eating less than onethe researchers found no evidence of significant benefit from fruit juice
and canned and frozen fruit appeared to increase risk of death by 17%per portion.
Most canned fruit contains high sugar levels and cheaper varieties are packed in syrup rather than fruit juice explains Dr Oyebode.
The negative health impacts of the sugar may well outweigh any benefits. Another possibility is that there are confounding factors that we could not control for such as poor access to fresh groceries among people who have preexisting health conditions hectic lifestyles
or who live in deprived areas.**Note: 13. 0m tons of canned fruit and vegetables were sold in the EU in 2008 compared to 3. 7m for frozen fruit and vegetables.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University college London. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and much of that harvest is burned inefficiently for cooking. They found that increasing the wood harvest to the equivalent of 34
#Fast food giants ads for healthier kids meals dont send the right messagefast food giants attempts at depicting healthier kids'meals frequently goes unnoticed by children ages 3 to 7
when shown Mcdonald's and Burger king children's advertising images depicting that product. Sliced apples in Burger king's ads were identified as apples by only 10 percent of young viewers;
instead most reported they were french fries. Other children admitted being confused by the depiction as with one child who pointed to the product
and said And I see someâ#are those apples slices? The researcher replied I can't tell youâ#you just have to say what you think they are.
In 2010 Mcdonald's and Burger king began to advertise apples and milk in kids meals. Sargent and his colleagues studied fast food television ads aimed at children from July 2010 through June 2011.
In this study researchers extracted freeze frames of Kids Meals shown in TV ads that appeared on Cartoon Network Nickelodeon and other children's cable networks.
Of the four healthy food depictions studied only Mcdonald's presentation of apple slices was recognized as an apple product by a large majority of the target audience regardless of age.
Researchers found that the other three presentations represented poor communication. This study follows an earlier investigation conducted by Sargent and his colleagues
which found that Mcdonald's and Burger king children's advertising emphasized giveaways like toys or box office movie tie-ins to develop children's brand awareness for fast food chains
despite self-imposed guidelines that discourage the practice. While the Food and Drug Administration and the Federal trade commission play important regulatory roles in food labeling
and marketing the Better Business Bureau operates a self-regulatory system for children's advertising.
Two different programs offer guidelines to keep children's advertising focused on the food not toys and more specifically on foods with nutritional value.
The fast food industry spends somewhere between $100 to 200 million dollars a year on advertising to children ads that aim to develop brand awareness
but the drying will spread to 30 percent of land if higher evaporation rates from the added energy and humidity in the atmosphere is considered.
We know from basic physics that warmer temperatures will help to dry things out said the study's lead author Benjamin Cook a climate scientist with joint appointments at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth
Today while bad weather periodically lowers crop yields in some places other regions are typically able to compensate to avert food shortages.
Food-price shocks could become far more common said study coauthor Richard Seager a climate scientist at Lamont-Doherty.
#Urban gardeners may be unaware of how best to manage contaminants in soilconsuming foods grown in urban gardens may offer a variety of health benefits
which may be present in urban soils said Keeve Nachman Phd senior author of the study and director of the Food Production and Public health Program with CLF.
or eat food that was grown in it. In some cases exposure to soil contaminants can increase disease risks especially for young children said Brent Kim MHS lead author of the paper and a program officer with CLF.
Unlike most vegetation food crops are managed to maximize productivity. They usually have access to abundant nutrients
and are irrigated. The Corn belt for example receives water from the Mississippi river. Accounting for irrigation is currently a challenge for models
According to Frankenberg the remote sensing-based techniques now available could be a powerful monitoring tool for food security especially data from OCO-2
#Meeting climate targets may require reducing meat, dairy consumptiongreenhouse gas emissions from food production may threaten the UN climate target of limiting global warming to 2 degrees Celsius according to research at Chalmers University of Technology Sweden.
On Monday 31 march the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents their report on the impacts of climate change.
Emissions from agriculture threaten to keep increasing as global meat and dairy consumption increases. If agricultural emissions are addressed not nitrous oxide from fields
We have shown that reducing meat and dairy consumption is key to bringing agricultural climate pollution down to safe levels says Fredrik Hedenus one of the study authors.
Broad dietary change can take a long time. We should already be thinking about how we can make our food more climate friendly.
By 2070 there will be many more of us on this planet. Diets high in meat milk cheese
and other food associated with high emissions are expected to become more common. Because agricultural emissions are difficult and expensive to reduce via changes in production methods
or technology these growing numbers of people eating more meat and dairy entail increasing amounts of climate pollution from the food sector.
These emissions can be reduced with efficiency gains in meat and dairy production as well as with the aid of new technology says co-author Stefan Wirsenius.
But the potential reductions from these measures are limited fairly and will probably not suffice to keep us within the climate limit
if meat and dairy consumption continue to grow. Beef and lamb account for the largest agricultural emissions relative to the energy they provide.
By 2050 estimates indicate that beef and lamb will account for half of all agricultural greenhouse gas emissions while only contributing 3 percent of human calorie intake.
Cheese and other dairy products will account for about one quarter of total agricultural climate pollution. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by Chalmers University of Technology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Health costs of air pollution from agriculture clarifiedammonia pollution from agricultural sources poses larger health costs than previously estimated according to NASA-funded research.
The improved simulation helped the scientists narrow in on the estimated health costs from air pollution associated with food produced for export--a growing sector of agriculture and a source of trade surplus.
This information was combined then with food export data from the U s. Department of agriculture and the United nations Food and agriculture organization averaged from 2000 to 2009.
Results show that U s. food exports account for 11 percent of the total U s. emissions of ammonia.
Lead researcher Jared Decker an assistant professor of animal science in the MU College of Agriculture Food and Natural resources says the genetics of these African cattle breeds are similar to those of cattle first domesticated
Decker also said that cattle breeding is important for animal farmers looking to maximize their herds'meat and dairy production.
whether that is through breeding more disease-resistant animals or finding ways to increase dairy or beef production.
#Eating fruits, vegetables linked to healthier arteries later in lifewomen who ate a diet high in fresh fruits
and vegetables as young adults were much less likely to have plaque build up in their arteries 20 years later compared with those who consumed lower amounts of these foods according to research to be presented at the American College of Cardiology's 63rd Annual Scientific Session.
This new finding reinforces the importance of developing healthy eating habits early in life. Previous studies have found that middle-aged adults whose diet consists of a high proportion of fruits
because lifestyle behaviors such as a heart healthy diet are the foundation of cardiovascular prevention and we need to know what dietary components are said most important Michael D. Miedema M d. M p h. a cardiologist at the Minneapolis Heart Institute and the lead investigator of the study.
and that process can be slowed down with a healthy diet at a young age Miedema said.
and vegetables and the number of servings they had eaten in the past month using a semi-quantitative interview food-frequency questionnaire.
In their analysis researchers controlled for smoking exercise consumption of red meat sugar-sweetened beverages and other dietary and cardiovascular risk factors that correlate with atherosclerosis.
Participants with extreme high or low caloric intake/day or those missing CAC scores were excluded from the analysis. The current findings are in line with the 2011 U s. Department of agriculture Dietary Guidelines that advise Americans to fill half of their plates
with colorful fruits and vegetables at each meal or snack. Based on these recommendations adults who consume a 2000-calorie a day diet should be consuming 2. 5 cups of vegetables and two cups of fruit a day--a big jump from
what the average American usually gets from their diet according to government figures. Fruits and vegetables are packed with vitamins minerals fiber antioxidants
and other things that are known to promote good health. Plant-based diets in general have also been linked to greater longevity less cancer lower cholesterol lower blood pressure
and healthier body weight Miedema emphasized that more studies are needed to further define the relationship between fruits vegetables
They also put a spider in alcohol as holotype the obligatory reference specimen for the naming of any new species
The project fostered by the Okinawan government involves three activities by the medical agricultural and food industries:
However excessive consumption of sugars (simple carbohydrates) can cause life-style-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
of lipid accumulation in the liver. Despite its great promise when researchers planted the original strain of resistant-starch rice in Okinawa the yield per hectare was about half that achieved in mainland Japan.
The resistant-starch rice can be used in many food products. I hope that our project will improve people's health said Prof.
Moreover some local companies are working together to develop processed foods with rice powder produced from the resistant-starch rice.
although proper nutrient and water management appear to slow tree decline in some situations. A bacterium called Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLAS) vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid is presumed the causal agent of the disease.
Writing in the journal Frontiers in Zoology today (Wednesday 26 march) the scientists trained a group of goats to retrieve food from a box using a linked sequence of steps;
when the mice were consuming the peach extract said Dr. Luis Cisneros-Zevallos a food scientist for Agrilife Research in College Station.
and metastasis. It gives opportunity to include in the diet an additional tool to prevent
but to see how that feeds back into the global climate system. The data are published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
%Nome Census Area AK 35.8%Buffalo County SD 35.4%Knox County KY 34.7%Shannon County SD 34.1%Elliott County KY
improving food safetya new biological treatment could help dairy cattle stave off uterine diseases and eventually may help improve food safety for humans a University of Florida study shows.
Kwang Cheol Jeong an assistant professor in animal sciences and UF's Emerging Pathogens Institute examined cattle uterine illnesses
Jeong said it may someday be possible for chitosan microparticles to be used to help humans who have become ill from consuming E coli-contaminated food
whether on farms hospitals or in the environment they can infect humans through water food
but can contaminate beef unpasteurized milk soft cheeses made from raw milk and raw fruits and vegetables that haven't been washed properly The most recent outbreak of meat-traced E coli was in 2010 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
That year 21 people in 16 states fell ill from the pathogen including one in Florida the agency reported.
when two or more people get the same illness from the same contaminated food or drink the CDC says.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Florida Institute of food and agricultural sciences. The original article was written by Brad Buck.
Food is harder to find; eggs and chicks are at risk of getting cold. The result is that by the end of the breeding season the adult birds are exhausted.
The study found no real effect of winter weather in recent years on adult survival
#Pathogens in cheese: Case study on Austrian curd cheeseif food products are produced not in a hygienic environment consumers can face the threat of dangerous pathogens.
This is exactly what happened in 2009 and 2010 when two different strains of Listeria monocytogenes were found in the traditional Austrian curd cheese known as Quargel. 34 people were infected
and a total of 8 patients died. Experts from the University of Veterinary medicine Vienna analysed the genomes of the outbreak strains
and entered the food chain independently. The results were published in the journal PLOS ONE and will increase the understanding of outbreaks and their prevention.
and soft cheeses smoked fish raw meat and ready-to-eat products. In Austria health care providers are required to report all cases of listeriosis which can be fatal particularly for patients with weakened immune systems.
When an outbreak occurs though the disease has among the highest mortality rate of all food-borne illnesses explains lead author Kathrin Rychli from the Institute for Milk Hygiene Milk Technology and Food Science at the University of Veterinary medicine Vienna.
and therefore entered the food chain independently. Genetics reveal the pathwayin their current study the scientists sequenced
The first contamination event from June 2009 to January 2010 was attributed to one L. monocytogenes strain very effective at infecting epithelial cells of the intestine and liver cells.
It is absolutely essential that appropriate disinfectants are used properly lots of salt and that possible food for the bacteria be limited.
Any products listeria is found in must be recalled immediately. Recalls are very expensive for producers
Austria-wide the Institute for Milk Hygiene Milk Technology and Food Science at the University of Veterinary medicine Vienna offers effective Listeria monitoring and a range of molecular and microbiological examination methods for the food industry.
Therefore experts recommend pregnant women to avoid raw milk raw meat and raw fish products. Story Source:
Nearly 1. 6 billion people worldwide depend on forests as a source of food medicines timber and fuel.
and the importance of folate in their diet especially those who are planning a pregnancy Dr Borradale said.
Folate is found in foods such as green leafy vegetables like spinach citrus fruits legumes whole grains and vegemite.
Folic acid is added also to many foods such as breads flours and pastas. Folic acid can also be taken as a pill.
#Diet of elusive red widow spider revealed by biologistbeetles: it's what's for breakfast--at least for the red widow spider of Florida's scrub habitat according to a study by University of Missouri biologist James Carrel.
The study provides a first glimpse at the diet of this mysterious spider revealing that it primarily preys upon species of scarab beetles common to the scrub habitat.
Carrel's findings shed light on red widow spiders'restriction to the Florida scrub habitat and the need for habitat conservation efforts.
because they are reliable food sources. Carrel said that red widow spiders are difficult to study due to habitat confinement
#Ancient clam gardens nurture food securitya three-year study of ancient clam gardens in the Pacific Northwest has led researchers including three from Simon Fraser University to make a discovery that could benefit
coastal communities'food production. PLOS ONE a peer-reviewed science journal has published just their study.
The researchers discovered that ancient clam gardens made by Aboriginal people produced quadruple the number of butter clams and twice the number of littleneck clams as unmodified clam beaches.
Our discovery provides practical insights into sustainable ancient marine management techniques that can inform local food security strategies today says Groesbeck.
The lessons learned here have global implications for food security and about the way indigenous people interact with their land and seascapes.
which are preferred food for wild deer. Our findings show that there is a link between disruption of the native animal community
It was brought to the United states--Long island N y. specifically--in the 1860s for use as a kitchen herb.
and biostatistics at Johns hopkins university one of the directors of the loblolly genome assembly team who was also an author on the papers.
This will enable the loblolly to serve as a high-quality reference genome that considerably speeds along future conifer genome projects.
The loblolly genome data have also been freely available throughout the project with public releases starting back in June 2012.
The new sequence confirmed that the loblolly genome is so large because it is crammed full of invasive DNA elements that copied themselves around the genome.
and ways to increase carbon sequestration and mitigate climate change said Sonny Ramaswamy director of USDA's National Institute of Food
The loblolly genome project was led by a team at the University of California Davis and the assembly stages were led by Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland.
Global food trade saves billions of gallons of water each year as food is exported from humid temperate places to drier locales that would have used much more water to grow crops Dourte said.
In addition to soybeans coffee beans and shirts if made from cotton consume lots of water from the growing process to processing to shipping--with most of that water consumption resulting from evaporation
#Future heat waves pose threat to global food supplyheat waves could significantly reduce crop yields and threaten global food supply
if climate change is tackled not and reversed. This is according to a new study led by researchers at the University of East Anglia and published 20 march in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters
which they create food from sunlight CO2 and water. When there is more CO2 in the atmosphere the leaves of plants can capture more of it resulting in an overall increase in the biomass of the plant.
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