Wastewater can contain pathogens and dangerous metals like mercury chromium and arsenic said Pavlo Bohutskyi an environmental engineering doctoral student and leader of this team.
At the same time the pathogens in wastewater such as viruses fungi and bacteria could destroy the algae themselves
We found two strains that can grow well alongside pathogens and one that is already present in wastewater samples Bohutskyi said.
It has been proven to decrease the risk of obesity and diabetes. This discovery holds promise on many fronts beyond food systems.
This leads to levels of inbreeding that can reach a critical extent from which there's no return causing susceptibility to disease
or triple cassava and maize yields by introducing disease-resistant plant varieties increasing fertilizer use
#Drinking cup of beetroot juice daily may help lower blood pressurea cup of beetroot juice a day may help reduce your blood pressure according to a small study in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
People with high blood pressure who drank about 8 ounces of beetroot juice experienced a decrease in blood pressure of about 10 Mm hg.
Nitric oxide is a gas that widens blood vessels and aids blood flow. We were surprised by how little nitrate was needed to see such a large effect Ahluwalia said.
In the United states more than 77 million adults have diagnosed high blood pressure a major risk factor for heart diseases and stroke.
#Without adequate funding, deadly wheat disease could threaten global food suppliesdisease-resistant wheat developed over the past half century helped ensure steady world food supplies
but a global team led by researchers from the University of Minnesota warns in a new paper that without increased financial support for disease resistance research new strains of a deadly fungal disease could leave millions without affordable access to food.
Scientists have developed new wheat varieties with some resistance to the deadly disease but the disease evolves
and mutates into new forms requiring new resistant varieties to be developed. Several projects to develop resistance to Ug99 are under way including an international consortium known as the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative a $26 million five-year effort funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
They arrived at that conclusion by estimating the economic losses that would likely have occurred without the 20th century research that kept earlier variations of the disease at bay.
if science is to keep on top of these ever-evolving crop diseases. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Minnesota.
Tobias Hoch Ph d. who conducted the study said the results shed light on the causes of a condition called hedonic hyperphagia that plagues hundreds of millions of people around the world.
And the chronic form is a key factor in the epidemic of overweight and obesity that here in the United states threatens health problems for two out of every three people.
The team at FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg in Erlangen Germany probed the condition with an ingenious study in
#Why do people with apple-shaped bodies have increased an risk of kidney disease? High blood pressure in the kidneys of people with apple-shaped bodies may be increased responsible for their risk of developing kidney disease later in life according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN.
The findings suggest that these individuals may benefit from treatments that reduce kidney blood pressure. People with apple-shaped bodies--when fat is concentrated mostly in the abdominal area--are more likely than those with pear-shaped bodies to develop kidney disease.
The mechanisms underlying this risk are understood not well. To study the issue Arjan Kwakernaak MD/Phd candidate (University Medical center Groningen in The netherlands)
This suggests that elevated blood pressure in the kidneys of individuals with apple-shaped bodies may be increased responsible for their risk of developing kidney disease later in life.
Previous studies have shown that high blood pressure in the kidneys can be treated through salt restriction or with drugs that block
#Self-medication in animals much more widespread than believedit's been known for decades that animals such as chimpanzees seek out medicinal herbs to treat their diseases.
We can learn a lot about how to treat parasites and disease by watching other animals.
and butterflies can choose food for their offspring that minimizes the impacts of disease in the next generation Hunter said.
Disease problems in agricultural organisms can worsen when humans interfere with the ability of animals to medicate they point out.
For example increases in parasitism and disease in honeybees can be linked to selection by beekeepers for reduced resin deposition by their bees.
A reintroduction of such behavior in managed bee colonies would likely have great benefits for disease management the authors say.
and build protective coatings--are at work in the survival of the human pathogen Salmonella. One out of every six Americans becomes ill from eating contaminated food each year with over a million illnesses caused by Salmonella bacteria according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Finding out what makes Salmonella resistant to antibacterial measures could help curb outbreaks. Researchers affiliated with the Fralin Life science Institute discovered that
Biofilms are an increasing problem in food processing plants serving as a potential source of contamination said Monica Ponder an assistant professor of Food Science and Technology in the College of Agriculture and Life sciences.
and because of this are more likely to cause disease said Ponder. Outbreaks of Salmonella associated with dried foods such as nuts cereals spices powdered milk
and pet foods have been associated with over 900 illnesses in the last five years. These foods were thought previously to be safe
The bacteria's stress response to the dry conditions also made it more likely to cause disease.
Biofilms allowed the Salmonella to survive the harsh acidic environment of the stomach increasing its chances of reaching the intestines where infection results in the symptoms associated with food poisoning.
and treat cancer. In diagnosing cancer nanoparticles with cancer-seeking properties might be injected into a patient before a medical scan.
If even an early form of cancer were present the particles would accumulate in the abnormal tissue
and make it visible for early diagnosis and the best chances for recovery. For treating the disease nanoparticles would preferentially collect in
and destroy only the abnormal cells sparing healthy tissue from the damage that triggers side effects with existing cancer chemotherapy.
Warner acknowledges that his studies are not at this stage yet because to date all of their studies are based on in vitro measurements
#Fighting disease from within the mosquito: New techniques to help halt the spread of diseasescientists have revealed a new technique to introduce disease-blocking bacteria into mosquitoes with promising results that may halt the spread of diseases such as dengue yellow fever and potentially malaria.
When infected with the bacteria Wolbachia mosquitoes are unable to spread viruses such as dengue a disease
which kills round 40000 people each year with no vaccines or specific treatments currently available. There have been around 2400 cases of dengue infection in Northern Australia in recent years.
However the bacteria has been difficult to spread within the mosquito population because it reduces the mosquitoes'ability to lay viable eggs.
Now Professor Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne and Professor Michale Turelli from the University of California have shown that by introducing an insecticide resistance gene alongside the Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito that the insects pass on the disease-blocking bacteria to other mosquitoes faster.
The results are published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. This could mean that the spread of disease can be stopped faster
and less infected mosquitoes would need to be released in a disease control program said Professor Ary Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne's Bio21 Institute and Department of Genetics.
Our results show that Wolbachia-based strategies could hold the key to a cheap and sustainable approach to disease control Professor Hoffmann said.
and are known to protect them against viral infection. The disease-blocking strain of Wolbachia was discovered first in Australian fruit flies in 1988 by Prof Hoffmann
and trials with collaborators at Monash and James Cook Universities in 2011 showed that Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes were unable to spread the dengue virus.
which is a strong blocker of dengue and other viruses. Insecticide use is very common in dengue
and malaria-prone regions and so this strategy should select for the survival of only the Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes
but then these insects would be unable to pass on a virus to humans. Prof Hoffmann added that insecticide resistance genes would not spread to the uninfected mosquito populations
So the association between resistance and the infection is maintained the resistance does not move into the rest of the population
and nervous systems are more prone to disease or permanent damage as a slowing rate of self-cleaning autophagy hampers the body's ability to deploy stem cells to replace damaged or diseased cells.
and embryonic stem cells as well as cancer stem cells. As stem cell-based treatments continue to develop the authors say it will be increasingly important to understand the role of autophagy in preserving stem cells'health
Though he and his team knew it was important to cellular activity they didn't have a particular disease connection in mind.
Together with colleagues in Japan they did demonstrate its importance to autophagy--a process whose importance to disease research continues to grow as scientists learn more about it.
what we were actually intending to study says Guan as it suggested that without FIP200 something was causing damage to the home of neural stem cells that normally replace nerve cells during injury or aging.
what's currently known about the process in hematopoietic neural cancer cardiac and mesenchymal (bone and connective tissue) stem cells.
The team is also looking at the role of autophagy in breast cancer stem cells because of intriguing findings about the impact of FIP200 deletion on the activity of the p53 tumor suppressor gene
which is important in breast and other types of cancer. In addition they will study the importance of p53 and p62 another key protein component for autophagy to neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in relation to FIP200.
Although not known to transmit disease their bites can cause burning itching swelling and psychological distress.
and body weight that underpin type 2 diabetes. Their presentation on chlorogenic acids#widely available as a dietary supplement#was part of the 245th National Meeting
Joe Vinson Ph d. who led the research pointed out that type 2 diabetes the most common form of diabetes is an increasing global health problem.
In the United states alone almost 26 million have the disease in which the pancreas does not produce enough of the insulin that enables the body to use sugar
Blood sugar levels rise increasing the risk of heart attacks stroke and other health problems. Current treatments focus on oral medications that stimulate insulin secretions
and foster weight loss at the same time would be a major advance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes Vinson said.
There is significant epidemiological and other evidence that coffee consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes.
I am trying to make the coffee and diabetes story as clear as possible for the public.
The evidence points to chlorogenic acids as the active ingredients in coffee that both prevent diabetes
and improve glucose control in normal pre-diabetic and diabetic people. Chlorogenic acids are a family of substances that occur naturally in apples cherries plums dried plums and other fruits and vegetables.
and a growing recognition of the impacts of contaminants that cannot be removed easily by existing treatment processes.
Dow has made also investments that are solving the waterborne disease crisis by bringing affordable potable water through deployment of low-cost community-based water systems.
Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke are major health problems for adolescents resulting in short-term
Among adolescents active smoking has been associated with increased asthma risk reduced lung function and growth early atherosclerotic lesions and increased cancer risk as well as premature mortality in adulthood.
According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention smoking is also a risk factor for several autoimmune diseases including Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
Small changes in the distribution of estimated glomerular filtration rate levels in the population could have a substantial impact in kidney-related illness as it is well known for changes in blood pressure levels and hypertension-related disease.
Tobacco as a chronic kidney disease risk factor is of great concern given the high prevalence of use
We will need another'Green revolution'to feed the world by 2050 said John Floros Ph d. referring to the development of high-yield disease-resistant breeds of grain
or spoil 20 percent of the world's food supply due to contamination with their urine and feces.
And consumption of too much food and less nutritious foods underpins epidemics in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The knock-on effect is this profound impairment of research. We are the first people ever to have done a psilocybin study in the UK
if we can find new and beneficial uses for them in people whose lives are affected often severely by illnesses such as depression.
Through these activities the BRC supports studies in a broad range of fields from basic research to the treatment of disease health promotion food production and environmental conservation.
We suggest that bees are using similar logic to a person who might get a headache
and the next day feel very ill. A week later the headache is accompanied back by a nasty rash.
Even though they do not feel ill this time when the rash appears again the following week they start to dread feeling ill again
Hepatitis a is endemic in developing nations that lack modern sanitation and clean water. The virus is transmitted orally
One major question raised by the finding is why the Hepatitis a vaccine works so well to contain the infection.
It makes us rethink completely the mechanism underlying the well-documented efficacy of Hepatitis a vaccine.
The research at UNC was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases. Future studies will investigate the mechanisms behind the vaccine's effectiveness Dr. Lemon said.
They also transmit such diseases as the tomato spotted wilt virus causing millions of dollars in damage to U s. agricultural crops each year.
#Verifying that sorghum is a new safe grain for people with celiac diseasestrong new biochemical evidence exists showing that the cereal grain sorghum is a safe food for people with celiac disease who must avoid wheat
Their study which includes molecular evidence that sorghum lacks the proteins toxic to people with celiac disease appears in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
and barley trigger an immune reaction in people with celiac disease that can cause abdominal pain and discomfort constipation diarrhea and other symptoms.
Sorghum they note has emerged as an alternative grain for people with celiac disease. In Western countries sorghum traditionally has been feed an animal.
and grab circulating tumor cells or CTCS that break away from cancers and enter the blood often leading to the spread of cancer to other parts of the body.
If more studies confirm the technology's effectiveness the Nanovelcro Chip device could enable doctors to access
and identify cancerous cells in the bloodstream which would provide the diagnostic information needed to create individually tailored treatments for patients with prostate cancer.
The researchers believe this technology may function as a liquid biopsy revolutionizing conventional biopsy practices
Today's biopsies require the removal of tissue samples through a needle inserted into a solid tumor a procedure that is invasive and sometimes painful.
Biopsies are extremely difficult in metastatic prostate cancer because the disease often spreads to bone where the availability of the tissue is low.
The biggest challenges in the treatment of cancer are that every person's tumor differs greatly
and often mutates over time especially in response to treatment. Researchers hope that by analyzing these CTCS doctors will be able to understand the tumor evolution in each individual.
By monitoring the genetic changes in CTCS and their invasiveness in a tissue culture dish doctors may be able to quickly adjust their treatment plans in response We are optimistic that the use of our Nanovelcro CTC technology will revolutionize prostate cancer treatment.
We know that cancers evolve over time and that every patient's cancer is a unique problem--the'one-size-fits-all'approach is not going to allow us to cure prostate cancer
or any other cancer said Edwin M. Posadas MD medical director of the Urologic Oncology Program at Cedars-Sinai's Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute and senior author
of the article in the March online issue of Advanced Materials. This evolution means that we need to be able to monitor these changes over time
and to ensure a patient's treatment is individualized and optimized. The molecular characterizations of CTCS will provide real-time information allowing us to choose the right treatment for the right patient at the right time.
The existence of CTCS and their role in cancer metastasis was suspected first more than 140 years ago
the Nanovelcro CTC chip laser capture microdissection and whole exome sequencing said Yi-Tsung Lu MD a postdoctoral scientist at the Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer
This advancement will in principle allow us to track the genomic evolution of prostate cancer after we initiate a therapy
and will allow us to better understand the mechanism of drug resistance that is common in prostate cancer patients.
We hope the comprehensive understanding of cancer biology at the individual level will ultimately lead to better therapy choice for patients suffering from advanced cancer.
and pick up the CTCS from the Nanovelcro Chip virtually eliminating any trace of any contamination from white blood cells
and may help doctors personalize therapies to a patient's unique cancer. To date CTC capture technologies have been able to do little more than count the number of CTCS which is informative but not very useful from a treatment planning perspective.
His enthusiasm is echoed by Leland W. K. Chung Phd director of the Urologic Oncology Research Program at the Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute.
Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Science Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA and VA Greater Los angeles Healthcare System Beijing Genomics Institute in China Cytolumina Technologies
Cedars-Sinai researchers were supported by a Young Investigator Award and a Challenge Award from the Prostate Cancer Foundation research grants (P01 CA098912 and R01 CA122602) from the National institutes of health a Department of defense Idea
UCLA researchers were supported by a Creativity Award from the Prostate Cancer Foundation and research grants (R21 CA151159 and R33 CA157396) from the National institutes of health/National Cancer Institute Innovative Molecular Analysis
and to verify that ABCB1 is in fact the gene that controls dwarfism. After Devos and Parvathaneni located the dwarfing gene they tested pearl millet dwarfs from around the world.
Previous research has shown that dietary fiber may help reduce risk factors for stroke including high blood pressure and high blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) bad cholesterol.
and having high blood pressure said Diane Threapleton M. Sc. lead author of the study and Ph d. candidate at the University of Leeds'School of Food Science & Nutrition in Leeds united Kingdom.
Among survivors the disease is a leading cause of disability. In addition to following a nutritious diet the American Heart Association recommends being physically active
and avoiding tobacco to help prevent stroke and other heart and blood vessel diseases. Co-authors are:
which cause disease. In the first study to assess the variety of these non-pathogenic bacteria scientists report that these surface bacteria vary depending on the type of produce and cultivation practices.
although such microbes don't necessarily cause disease they may still interact with and perhaps inhibit the growth of disease-causing microbes.
The results of this new research suggest that people may be exposed to substantially different bacteria depending on the types of produce they consume Story Source:
#Poultry probiotic cuts its coat to beat bad bacteriaa strain of probiotic bacteria that can fight harmful bacterial infections in poultry has the ability to change its coat according to new findings from the Institute of Food Research.
The probiotic is currently being taken forward through farm-scale trials to evaluate how well it combats Clostridium perfringens--a cause of necrotic enteritis in poultry and the second most common cause of food poisoning in the UKTHE researchers at IFR
Understanding the role of the slime capsule coat will inform the commercial development of this strain as a preventative treatment for C. perfringens infection in poultry especially in regard to how the probiotic is stored and produced.
#Cancer biologists find DNA-damaging toxins in common plant-based foodsin a laboratory study pairing food chemistry
and cancer biology scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center tested the potentially harmful effect of foods and flavorings on the DNA of cells.
and green teas and coffee activated the highest levels of a well-known cancer-linked gene called p53.
and how they affect cells in our bodies says Scott Kern M d. the Kovler Professor of Oncology and Pathology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine.
Funding for the study was provided by the National institutes of health's National Cancer Institute (CA62924) and the Everett and Marjorie Kovler Professorship in Pancreas Cancer Research.
Although there are medications that can compensate for the loss of female sex hormone production the drugs are recommended often not for long-term use due to the increased risk of heart disease and breast cancer.
and radiation treatments for certain types of cancer and menopause. The effects of hormone loss can range from hot flashes and vaginal dryness to infertility and increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease.
This research project is interesting because it offers hope to replace natural ovarian hormones in women with premature ovarian failure
The research focus of Bauer's fruit fly lab is nutrition and its relationship to longevity health and diabetes.
and lower pesticide contamination levels in organic food a recent publication reporting a large-scale analysis of all available studies concluded no clear trend was apparent.
Because of the low costs associated with fly research and the fly's short life cycle researchers use fruit flies to study human diseases from diabetes to heart function to Alzheimer's disease.
and quality by increasing genetic diversity and analyzing key traits related to its resistance to cold drought and disease.
Tauschii's enhanced disease resistance. Remarkably a higher number of genes for the cytochrome P450 family were identified in Ae tauschii (485) than sorghum (365) rice (333) Brachypodium (262) and maize (261.
At least one species--the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)--develops a neurological disease that is strikingly similar to human Alzheimer's so the animals are considered important models for understanding the aging brain.
whether a particular genetic variant in mouse lemurs is associated with Alzheimer's we need to know
but to the development of better drugs to treat the disease as well Weiner said. We know that some people are much more vulnerable to alcoholism than others just like some people have a vulnerability to cancer
or heart disease Weiner said. We don't have a good understanding of what causes this vulnerability and that's a big question.
But if we can figure it out we may be able to better identify people at risk as well as gain important clues to help develop better drugs to treat the disease.
The findings are published in the March 13 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience. Weiner who directs the Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress
#Higher soy intake prior to lung cancer diagnosis linked to longer survival in womensummary of a study being published online March 25 2013 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology reports that Chinese women who consumed more soy before being diagnosed with lung cancer
New results from a large observational follow-up study conducted in Shanghai China indicate that women with lung cancer who consumed more soy food prior to their cancer diagnosis lived longer than those who consumed less soy.
The study published March 25 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology provides the first scientific evidence that soy intake has a favorable effect on lung cancer survival.
To our knowledge this is the first study to suggest an association between high soy consumption before a lung cancer diagnosis
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide with only one in seven patients surviving for five years after diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that female hormones particularly estrogens
may affect lung cancer outcomes. Soy contains isoflavones estrogen-like substances that are known also to affect molecular pathways involved in tumor development and growth.
A recent study by the same research team showed that high intake of soy food was associated with a 40 percent decrease in lung cancer risk.
This new study assessed the impact of soy intake on lung cancer survival among participants of the Shanghai Women's Health Study which tracked cancer incidence in 74941 Shanghai women.
Information on usual dietary intake of soy food (soy milk tofu fresh and dry soybeans soy sprouts and other soy products) was collected in-person at study enrollment
During the course of the study 444 women were diagnosed with lung cancer. The median time between the first dietary assessment and cancer diagnosis was 5 8 years.
In this analysis patients were divided into three groups according to soy food intake prior to lung cancer diagnosis. The highest and lowest intake levels were equivalent to approximately 4 oz or more and 2 oz or less tofu
per day respectively. Patients with the highest soy food intake had markedly better overall survival compared with those with the lowest intake 60 percent of patients in the highest intake group and 50 percent in the lowest intake group were alive
The findings may not necessarily apply beyond this study's population which has a very low prevalence of cigarette smoking a known risk factor for the development of lung cancer
and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy use a factor that may negatively affect lung cancer prognosis. In addition the overall soy food intake is higher in Chinese women than in Western women.
whether consumption of soy food after diagnosis of lung cancer affects survival particularly among patients with early-stage disease who may benefit most from a nutritional intervention.
This research was supported by the U s. National Cancer Institute and conducted by investigators at Vanderbilt University in collaboration with those from the Shanghai Cancer Institute and NCI.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO.
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