Benefits of carotenoidswhatâ's more according to the researchers the inclusion of carotenoids in a diet can help to reduce risk of developing diseases such as certain types of cancer heart disease or damage to vision especially those related to an aging population.
Produced by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) the position statement will be presented on July 9th 2014 at a meeting hosted by FIRS and the NCD Noncommunicable Disease Alliance Shared Drivers Shared Solutions:
The meeting coincides with the United nations High-level Review on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases on July 10-11
which will include chronic respiratory illness--including COPD the third-leading cause of death worldwide--for the first time.
(ALAT) the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (APSR) the European Respiratory Society (ERS) the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
and its untoward effects should not be underestimated. â#¢The potential benefits of electronic nicotine delivery devices including harm reduction
and as an aid to smoking cessation have not been studied well. â#¢Potential benefits to an individual smoker should be weighed against harm to the population of increased social acceptability of smoking
#Climate change provides good growing conditions for charcoal rot in soybeanswith over 100 diseases that can attack soybean crops why would charcoal rot rise to the top of the most wanted list?
If we look at diseases of soybean we find that soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is at the top
but in the past decade or so charcoal rot has become one of the top 10 diseases that affect soybean yield.
and in this way improve soybean tolerance to both the pathogen and the extreme weather conditions. The review of research on the subject has been written along with Hartman and Schuyler Korban from U of
One intriguing direction Radwan described that shows promise is that there may be interactions between M. phaseolina and other soil pathogens such as soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and sudden death syndrome (SDS.
or decrease the incidence of charcoal rot as resistance to both pathogens might be controlled by two different pathways Radwan said.
He explained that biotrophic pathogens such as SCN need plant tissue to survive but the fungus that causes charcoal rot is necrotrophic meaning that it kills the plant tissue then lives on the dead plant cells.
We need to understand at the molecular level how these two pathogens interact when they are present in soybean fields.
and breeders to design an effective method to control both diseases and to breed soybean for resistance to both pathogens he said.
Although no plants have complete immunity from the fungus some soybean lines have been shown to have partial resistance to it.
#Cinnamon may be used to halt progression of Parkinsons disease, study suggestsneurological scientists at Rush University Medical center have found that using cinnamon a common food spice
and flavoring material can reverse the biomechanical cellular and anatomical changes that occur in the brains of mice with Parkinsonâ##s disease (PD).
and the Floyd A. Davis professor of neurology at Rush. â#oethis could potentially be one of the safest approaches to halt disease progression in Parkinsonâ##s patients. â#â#oecinnamon is metabolized in the liver to sodium benzoate
spectrometric analysis we have seen that Ceylon cinnamon is much more pure than Chinese cinnamon as the latter contains coumarin a hepatotoxic moleculeâ#said Pahan. â#oeunderstanding how the disease works is important to developing effective drugs that protect the brain
Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive disease that affects a small area of cells within the midbrain known as the substantia nigra.
The decrease in dopamine results in one or more of the classic signs of Parkinson's disease that includes:
The cause of the disease is unknown. Both environmental and genetic causes of the disease have been postulated.
Parkinson's disease affects about 1. 2 million patients in the United states and Canada. Although 15 percent of patients are diagnosed before age 50 it is considered generally a disease that targets older adults affecting one of every 100 persons over the age of 60.
This disease appears to be slightly more common in men than women. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rush University Medical center.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Ancient hedgehog and tapir once inhabited British Columbiathe Earth has experienced many dramatic changes in climate
since the dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago. One of the warmest periods was the early Eocene epoch 50 to 53 million years ago.
Many young smokers arent aware of dangerdespite warnings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that hookah smoking can be
Smoking rates are highest among those with serious mental illness multiple disorders and substance use disorders.
The smoking rate among adults with mental illness remains high despite progress made in tobacco control
-Mental illness is associated significantly with poor physical health including health problems exacerbated by smoking. -Youth who reported mental illness were more than twice as likely to be current smokers (26.8 percent) as youth without mental illness (10.9 percent.
but a strain with the ability to cause disease according to research published in mbioâ the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.
and it was believed at the time that the fungal contaminant Murcor circinelloides was only a potential danger to immunocompromised individuals.
and its ability to cause harm in healthy humans. When he heard about the Chobani recall after reports of people becoming sick from yogurt contaminated with Mucor circinelloides we thought the M. circinelloides strain could cause more serious problems than one might think. says Soo Chan Lee of Duke university an author on the study.
Unlike other strains of the fungus that particular subspecies is associated commonly with human infections. Whole-genome sequence analysis of the yogurt isolate confirmed it as being closely related to Mcc
and also revealed the possibility that this fungus could produce harmful metabolites that were previously unknown in this species. The researchers then tested the strain on mice where the fungus showed an ability to cause lethal infections
When people think about food-borne pathogens normally they list bacteria viruses and maybe parasites. Fungal pathogens are considered not as food-borne pathogens.
However this incidence indicates that we need to pay more attention to fungi. Fungal pathogens can threaten our health systems as food-borne pathogens says Lee.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Microbiology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Sixth graders at North Attleborough Middle school in Massachusetts want to know the answer which could eventually be put to use healing wounds in space and On earth.
Eighth graders at Pennsauken Phifer Middle school in New jersey will examine the growth rate in microgravity of penicillium which future astronauts could grow as an antibiotic to treat infections.
cigars and various smokeless tobacco products according to a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.
and HIV Research (CDUHR) in the August 2014 edition of Pediatrics identifies how prevalent Hookah use is and
This portends a potential epidemic of a lethal habit growing among upper and middle class adolescents said Dr. Weitzman.
and public health officials to fill in the gaps in public understanding about the harm of hookah smoking.
but have lost their ability to produce certain defense chemicals making them vulnerable to attack by insects and pathogens.
#Developing better vaccine for mutating virus in cowsbovine viral diarrhea virus infections result in one of the most costly diseases among cattle with losses in U s. herds estimated at $2 billion per year according to professor Christopher
It is an immune-suppressive disease he explains. The virus shuts down the immune system and makes the animal vulnerable to pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.
Identifying persistent infectionswhen a pregnant cow becomes infected the developing calf is at risk. If the infection occurs between 40 and 120 days of gestation the calf will be born persistently infected according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
The calf appears healthy but is what Chase refers to as a walking time bomb that can infect the entire herd.
It's like Typhoid Mary a BVDV Bossy he says. The animal will shed the virus for its entire life.
The surviving calves all of whom died of mucosal disease within a year provided Chase and his graduate researchers a gold mine of samples.
The results derived from the model in the Nature paper entitled A dynamic model of bovine tuberculosis spread
and control in Great britain demonstrated that the majority of herd outbreaks are caused by multiple transmissions routes--including failed cattle infection tests cattle movement and reinfection from environmental reservoirs (infected pastures and wildlife).
and culling all cattle on infected farms would be the most effective strategies for controlling the disease.
and why the epidemic has grown over the past 15 years. Using Animal health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency
whilst badgers form part of the environmental reservoir they only play a relatively minor role in the transmission of infection.
and the local environment that are driving the front of the epidemic. Imperfect cattle skin tests contribute to the spread by delaying the time until infected herds are detected for the first time
and incorrectly identifying herds as clear of infection says co-author Dr Ellen Brooks-Pollock of the University of Cambridge.
We found that the vast majority of infected farms don't spread the infection to any other farms before they clear infection themselves.
Only a small number of farms spread the infection and they can cause the majority of new cases argues Dr Brooks-Pollock.
and caught early then it might be possible to make substantial progress in tackling the epidemic.
The control measures the researchers investigated were designed to be idealized'control options to understand what measures in theory could stop the increasing epidemic.
#Food allergies: A new, simple method to track down allergensalthough food allergies are common sufferers often don't know exactly what in foods cause their allergic reactions.
This knowledge could help develop customized therapies like training the body's immune system to respond to certain proteins found in foods.
However determining which protein in a food causes an allergic response to a patient requires time-consuming tests that often ignore rare or unexpected allergens.
The method has been tested successfully in the context of cow milk allergy. Food allergies are becoming widespread in the Western world today affecting around 6-8%of children and about 3%of adults.
These types of allergies occur when the body's immune system mistakes a harmless food protein for a threat
and attacks it as it would normally do with a bacterium or a virus. This causes symptoms like swelling rashes pain and even life-threatening anaphylactic shocks.
Cow milk allergy is common among children preventing them from breast feeding and drinking milk although some outgrow the allergy by six years of age.
Allergies including food allergies are caused when our immune system produces antibodies to destroy enemy molecules like those from bacteria and viruses.
In the case of milk allergies the antibodies are called Ige. Medical doctors can diagnose milk allergies by simply detecting an overproduction of Ige
but that does not tell them which one of the numerous proteins in milk--and other foods--is causing the allergic response.
The team of Hubert Girault at EPFL has developed a highly sensitive method that uses a patient's Ige to determine specifically which protein induces allergic responses in them.
The method uses a well-established technique called immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE. First Ige antibodies from the patient's blood are isolated by interaction with magnetic beads that are coated with a different type of antibody.
The bead antibodies recognize and bind the patient's Ige antibodies. This takes place inside a long and narrow glass tube only 50 micrometers in diameter called a capillary.
As the milk's proteins pass over the patient's Ige antibodies the ones that cause allergies are caught by them
The beads are washed then with a strong chemical that causes the allergy-inducing protein to dissociate from the patient's Ige antibodies.
The method offers a personalized way to identify the exact proteins that can cause food allergies to a patient which can help develop an effective treatment.
Finally it provides higher accuracy than conventional allergy-testing methods as it can detect tiny amounts of allergic proteins
An unidentified disease led to a mass mortality of the sea urchin in 1983 and extreme fishing throughout the 20th century has brought the parrotfish population to the brink of extinction in some regions.
which have restricted or banned fishing practices that harm parrotfish such as fish traps and spearfishing. Other countries are following suit.
They are docked usually tail without analgesia as a preventative measure to reduce the chances of flies laying eggs on dirty tails
and they may also experience bacterial infections such as'joint ill'or'navel ill'.'However the long-term consequences of these early life challenges are understood not well.
or experienced a mild simulated infection shortly after they were born showed more pain-related behaviour
Furthermore the lambs of those mothers who had experienced a mild infection in early life were less sensitive to pain during the first few days of their lives than were other lambs.
Our study suggests that infection and tail-docking during the first few days of life may have long-term effects on an individual's development and behaviour and on that of her own offspring.
Flies spread disease and a host of pathogens that cost farms hundreds of millions of dollars in annual losses.
#Foodborne bacteria can cause disease in some breeds of chickens after allcontrary to popular belief the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is not a harmless commensal in chickens
but can cause disease in some breeds of poultry according to research published in mbioâ the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.
This rather changes our view of the biology of this nasty little bug says Paul Wigley of Institute for Infection and Global Health at the University of Liverpool an author on the study.
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in the world and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate it affects approximately 1 3 million people per year in the United states. Chicken is the most common source of infections.
Infection of chickens had previously not been considered to cause disease and the bacteria were thought to be part of the normal microbiota of the birds.
In the study Wigley and his colleagues experimentally infected birds from four commercial breeds of broiler chickens.
and inflammation did to the extent that one breed showed damage to the gut mucosa and developed diarrhea.
Interestingly the breeds did not differ in the levels of bacteria we found in their intestines after infection even
The most important finding says Wigley is that Campylobacter infection directly impacts broiler chicken health and welfare.
On the positive side we now know that chickens produce a robust immune response to infection
and blue holiday to the fullest the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) offers some star-spangled tips.
but allergy and asthma sufferers need to be aware of the triggers which can sometimes ruin their good time said allergist Michael Foggs MD ACAAI president.
Fireworks Campfires and Asthma Don't Mixfireworks and campfires are a staple of the 4th of July
but smoke can cause asthma symptoms to flare. Allergists recommend keeping your distance from campfires
and Swellingif you suffer from hay fever and you've ever experienced an itchy mouth scratchy throat
or vegetables you may have oral allergy syndrome. Oral allergy syndrome is caused by cross-reacting allergens found in both pollen and raw fruits vegetables or some tree nuts.
An allergist can help you determine if your reaction to certain foods has to do with oral allergy syndrome
and possibly get you eating your favorite fruits and veggies again. Changes in Weather Can Heat up
or a refreshing cool breeze sudden changes in the weather can trigger an asthma attack. Allergists are experts in diagnosing
and treating allergies and asthma and can develop a plan to keep symptoms in check no matter the season or the temperature.
Keeping an eye on the weather and knowing how changes might affect your asthma will go a long way towards helping you enjoy the summer season.
Consider indoor activities and exercise on hot high pollen and humid days and watch out for ozone alert days
and possibly allergy shots that can save your life. Cannonball! Everyone into the Pool! While some people are convinced they are allergic to chlorine the truth is that chlorine is not an allergen.
However the smell of chlorine is an irritant for some causing allergy-like eye and nose itching and discomfort.
Some people with asthma also experience difficulties when coming in contact with chlorine. Skin sensitivity to chlorine is treated often by washing the affected area with clean water to remove traces of the remaining irritant.
In some cases a corticosteroid cream may be prescribed. Hives can be treated with an antihistamine. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI.
#Almonds reduce the risk of heart disease, research showsscientists have found that eating almonds in your diet can reduce the risk of heart disease by keeping blood vessels healthy.
Research found that they significantly increase the amount of antioxidants in the blood stream reduce blood pressure
and middle-aged men as well as on a group of young men with cardiovascular risk factors including having high blood pressure
and lower blood pressure potentially reducing their risk of heart disease. Almonds are known to contain a range of beneficial substances such as Vitamin e and healthy fats fibre
#Some dogs and cats prone to sunburn: How to protect your animal from skin damageexcessive sunbathing damages the skin.
Particularly vulnerable petshouse pets with white or short fur are at particular risk of sunburn.
The short hair allows UV rays penetrate down to the sensitive skin and cause sunburn.
or if an animal is highly sensitive it is up to us to protect it from further damage. â#Treating sunburn in animalsif sunburn is reddened visible as warm
If the skin changes present as a secondary infection antibiotics may be indicated. The affected animal will need to be protected well from the sun in future to prevent permanent damage.
Certain preexisting conditions can increase skin sensitivitysome illnesses and genetic defects that result in a thin coat can make the skin more sensitive to sunburn.
Any longer-term stimulus that results in a loss of fur is a possible factor. These can include parasitic infections chronic skin conditions or congenital hairlessness.
 In some cases exposure to the sun can worsen an existing condition. Animals with autoimmune skin diseases must be protected carefully from the sun for example.
And areas of the skin that were covered by fur but are exposed suddenly due to hair loss such as scar tissue after an operation
or injury should be observed carefully and shielded as needed Damage caused by sun exposurein animals sunburn results in an acute inflammation of the skin that can cause itching
or even pain depending on the individual animal. Frequent sunburns can lead to pre-cancerous conditions
or even actual skin tumours. â#oewe sometimes see squamous cell carcinoma on the heads of white outdoor cats as the result of chronic sun exposure.
The affected areas of the skin then need to be surgically removedâ#Horvath-Ungerbã ck explains.
The large-scale acquisition of land by foreign governments and business--more commonly known as land grabbing--is a contentious issue particularly in Africa where a large number of deals have taken place in regions facing food security problems and malnutrition.
what diseases they carry and how to safely avoid them? Mosquitoes and ticks are the two pests you primarily want to avoid
because they potentially carry infectious diseases says Jennifer Layden MD infectious disease specialist at Loyola University Health System.
Ticks can carry Lyme disease and Rocky mountain spotted fever and mosquitoes can spread West Nile Virus. Insect repellents are used to avoid exposure to pests that can bite attach
or burrow into the skin. DEET is the most effective ingredient to protect against biting insects.
Signs that medical attention is needed include fever vomiting excessive sleepiness swelling redness and infection. Story Source:
#Peanuts dont panic parents as much as milk and eggsit's tough being the parent of a child with food allergies.
Although worry is a factor for anyone caring for a child with food allergies according to a study published in the July issue of Annals of Allergy Asthma
and Immunology the scientific publication of the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) there is increased anxiety and strain for caregivers of children allergic to milk and eggs.
The study examined 305 caregivers of children allergic to milk egg peanut or tree nut--the 4 most common food allergies.
The caregivers were asked about details of the children's most severe food reaction as well as information about the caregiver's quality of life.
If they knew exactly what foods could give their child an allergic reaction they were less likely to be stressed anxious
and egg allergies were the most worrisome for caregivers. It's assumed peanut and tree allergies are the most severe
and therefore it may be presumed they would cause the most strain for caregivers said allergist Laura Howe MD lead study author and ACAAI member.
and to prepare so many dishes caregivers with children allergic to those two ingredients feel more worried and anxious.
and also that others wouldn't understand the seriousness of their child's food allergy.
It is important for those who care for food-allergic children to work with an allergist to determine exactly what foods their child is allergic to
in case their child eats a food they shouldn't. Children with a history of severe allergic reactions
The above story is provided based on materials by American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI.
Traveling waves model tumor invasioncell migration which is involved in wound healing cancer and tumor growth and embryonic growth and development has been a topic of interest to mathematicians and biologists for decades.
In a paper published recently in the SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical systems authors Kristen Harley Peter van Heijster Robert Marangell Graeme Pettet
and Martin Wechselberger study a model describing cell invasion through directional outgrowth or movement in the context of malignant tumors in particular melanoma or skin cancer.
Tumor cells move up a gradient based on the presence of a chemical or chemoattractant--this process is called haptotaxis.
In this paper the authors prove the existence and uniqueness of traveling waves to the model of malignant tumor invasion.
A model for Bluetongue disease dynamics in cattlein a paper recently published in the SIAM Journal on Mathematical analysis authors Stephen Gourley Gergely RÃ st
and Horst Thieme model disease persistence of a virus called Bluetongue using a system of several delay differential equations.
The disease affects sheep and cattle and is spread by biting midges. In sheep the bluetongue virus can cause abortion congenital abnormalities
and death though mild cases completely recover. In cattle bluetongue does not generally cause death.
The basic reproduction number for a disease is deï ned as the expected number of secondary cases produced by a single infection in a susceptible population.
As in many infectious disease models uniform disease persistence of bluetongue occurs if the basic reproduction number for the whole system exceeds one.
But an additional factor influences the disease state in the case of this disease which is that it affects sheep much more severely than cattle.
As a result uniform disease persistence can occur in two different scenarios. If the disease reproduction number for the cattle-midge-bluetongue system with or without sheep is greater than one bluetongue persists in cattle
and midges even though it may eradicate the sheep relying on cattle as a reservoir. In the second situation where the reproduction number of all host and vector species coexisting is greater than one
Midwives can administer antibiotics for infections and medications to stimulate or strengthen labor remove the placenta from a patient having a hemorrhage as well as handle many other complications that may occur in the mother or her baby.
While adding more obstetricians would save additional lives they cost more to deploy and can only use their surgical skills in a sterile hospital setting something that is often unavailable in many rural settings.
affordable strategies to meet new postharvest sanitation standardsmany small and medium produce growers in the United states neither have the funding nor the expertise to optimally sanitize postharvest operations to prevent the spread of potentially dangerous pathogens according to a panel discussion
which caused 147 illnesses and 33 deaths in 2011 placed a new and important focus on the postharvest production of fruits
and other common pathogens and illnesses the listeria outbreak really opened the eyes of a lot of people in produce that sanitation is a very important step
Contamination can occur during the planting growing harvesting washing storage and/or transportation of produce.
For example pathogens can spread during the fruit and vegetable cleaning process or in standing water without an appropriate level of chlorine or other sanitizer said Yaguang Luo Phd research and food technologist United states Department of agriculture (USDA)- Agricultural research services (ARS).
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