And walnuts are a good source of alpha linolenic-acid acid (ALA) the plant-based omega-3 which has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease.
Santa is a modern counterpart of a shaman who consumed mind-altering plants and fungi to commune with the spirit world said John Rush an anthropologist
if they push out native ant populations that play a crucial role in dispersing plant seeds.
what the myriad plants and animals of the forest are doing at different times of the year and to the weather.
and encourage the growth of useful plants. But Ntã'ni says fires that used to burn only forest that was cleared for gardens now in dry years may run out of control over large expanses of forest that used to be too moist to burn.
and plant materials in the water and this process is a major generator of the carbon dioxide breathed by the river.
This shows they're more like metabolic hot spots. The World's Longest Rivers To thrive plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide
Food for the river Previously it was believed that much of this plant matter floated down the Amazon river to the ocean where it ultimately became buried in the seafloor.
and is the second most common component of terrestrial plants the researchers said. But rather than flowing into oceans and settling on the seafloor for centuries or millennia bacteria in the Amazon river can break lignin down within two weeks the new study found.
In fact only 5 percent of the Amazon rain forest's plant-based carbon ends up reaching the ocean the researchers said.
However algae are plants and coral are animals.)Because the algae go dormant in the winter
and plants respond to natural disturbances. If we can understand what happened in the past it can help us understand the current perturbations and loss of diversification.
and Plant Conservation Department and so an official came out to examine the log and surveyed the surrounding area.
It seems likely that over hundreds of millions of years that plants have been around there have been lots of very tall tree species probably from every family of plant.
or New Stone age farmers who migrated to Europe from the south between 5500 B c. and 4200 B c. owned domestic plants and animals such as sheep goats cattle and swine.
and grooves that would have enabled it to eat many different types of food including both animals and plants.
These teeth would have allowed later multituberculates to diversify from an animal-dominated diet to a plant-dominated one.
by other fossils discovered near the location where the R. eurasiaticusfossil was found the multituberculate apparently lived in a temperate area rich in plants by the shores of shallow lakes.
Flowering plants are now the dominant form of plant life on land evolving from relatives of seed-producing plants that do not flower such as conifers and cycads.
Flowering plants were the last group of plants appearing in Earth's history said Peter Hochuli a paleobotanist at the University of ZÃ rich's Paleontological Institute
Flowering plants or angiosperms became the dominant plants about 90 million years ago when the dinosaurs still roamed the Earth.
However the exact time when these plants originated remains hotly debated. Now scientists have unearthed ancient pollen grains with microscopic features typically seen in flowering plants.
After analyzing the structure of these grains the researchers suggested that the associated plants werepollinated by insects most likely beetles as bees did not evolve until about 100 million years later.
Some groups of plants are suspected to be related closely. But the evidence is weak and most of these groups are thought to be specialized too to be at the base of the flowering plants.
The tablets also contained starch pine resin beeswax and a mix of plant-and animal-derived fats perhaps including olive oil.
These came from olive wheat and many other plants such as stinging nettles and alder trees. However about 60 percent of this pollen came from plants that are pollinated by insects such as bees suggesting they may inadvertently have hitched along in a bee product such as beeswax instead of getting intentionally added to the medicine.
To find out exactly how much greening Arctic warming would bring the team used a model that projected how temperature changes would affect snow cover vegetation and the increased evaporation and transpiration from plants in the Arctic.
Transformed tundra The team found that at least half of the tundra would see changes in the plant types it supported by 2050.
Seed dispersal by animals is important for plants to help them occupy new areas of land.
and showed that 13 of 18 species ate fruit of some sort and a wide variety of plants.
Using animals as a method of seed dispersal is actually a useful form of mutualism the plants get to spread their genes
when you reach in to pluck that beefsteak off the vine yourself you engage the plant's primary defense mechanism:
We were especially fortunate to use the 80 accessions genetically unique plant samples of wild relatives collected by intrepid tomato scientists most notably by the late Dr. Charles Rick from UC Davis says Last.
The Andean collection allowed the researchers to study how the gene responsible for turning on AT2 production varies depending on a plant's geographic location.
Extending our understanding of natural plant pesticides and the evolution of resistance to pests offers critical data for scientists as they breed
and engineer plants to ensure a more durable existence. Editor's Note: Any opinions findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author
Designed to thrive after fires Like many plants native to fire-prone regions eucalyptus trees (aka gum trees in Australia) are adapted to survive
And after a bushfire sweeps through an area the eucalyptus trees have an advantage over other plants.
 A'dangerous plant'But local experts are steadfast in declaring eucalyptus trees public fire enemy No. 1. Eucalyptus groves on steep hillsides like those in the East Bay hills are extremely flammable
Eucalyptus trees also aren't winning any friends among ecologists concerned about invasive species. The California Invasive Plant Council (Cal-IPC) considers the eucalyptus a moderately serious problem considering its rapid spread
and its ability to displace native plant and animal communities. And its worldwide spread eucalyptus trees are now found on every occupied continent presents a worrisome scenario in the face of global warming
We've spread a dangerous plant all over the world. Follow Marc Lallanilla on Twitter and Google+.
instead sending that fuel to twigs or burning it off according to Howie Neufeld a plant physiologist at Appalachian State university in North carolina.
Plants generally have a negative electrical charge and emit a weak electrical signal according to researchers at the University of Bristol in England.
and a plant and they both want this to go as well as possible study co-author Gregory Sutton told NPR.
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems Freeman recommends people eat as much of a plant-based diet as possible.
and the chloroplasts in plant cells were once individual organisms before they were engulfed to become Eukaryotic organelles.
when it impacted triggering a global winter that was devastating for nearly all land plants and animals.
</p><p>People in the middle East began experimenting with edible plants selecting seeds from the best plants and planting them in protected areas.
Geneticists Create a Plant That Can't Stop Growing In the comedy Little Shop of Horrors a carnivorous plant named Audrey Jr. grew nonstop by feasting on unsuspecting human beings.
After flowering the plants die. But researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular biology and Applied Ecology (IME) in MÃ nster Germany have isolated the genetic switch that tells the tobacco plant to stop growing flower and die.
By suppressing that gene the scientists have tricked the plants into growing like Jack's beanstalk even the older leaves stay green and healthy.
The first of our tobacco plants is now almost eight years old but it still just keeps on growing and growing Dirk Prã fer a professor at the Department of Functional and Applied Genomics at IME said in a statement.
Although we regularly cut it it's six-and-a-half meters 21 ft. tall.
Genetic research on plants has produced also a variety of switchgrass (an important source of biofuels) that grows faster
By switching off a gene called UPBEAT1 the switchgrass never receives a signal to stop growing leading scientists to believe they can use the modified plant to create a higher-yielding biofuel crop.
In other tobacco research the plants have been engineered genetically to glow in the dark: By inserting a gene from bioluminescent marine bacteria researchers at Bioglow Inc. developed a tobacco plant with faintly glowing green leaves.
The scientists at IME hope to use their genetic engineering technique to create larger longer-lived food plants.
They are currently working with a Japanese company to develop a potato plant that possesses the same robust growth as their giant tobacco plant.
Follow Livescience on Twitter@livescience. We're also on Facebook& Google
#Big Wildfires in the West: Why, How, What To do? This Behind the Scenes article was provided to Livescience in partnership with the National Science Foundation.
Today this plant covers more than 40000 square kilometers of the western U s. says Balch. Scientists suspect that cheatgrass increases the number
and condition of surviving vegetation plant species ash cover soil properties and other factors are being incorporated into high-definition 3-D images as well as other types of rich ecological data covering the study area.
Unfortunately however pandas must increasingly compete for their needed bamboo with people who use this plant as food for livestock an ingredient for medicines and raw material for musical instruments.
fortunately we learned last week that the plant owners decided to rescind their request to USDA for a grant of inspection meaning that the immediate threat in Iowa of the plant opening is resolved.
#Caffeine Gives Bees a Memory Boost Honeybees like tired office employees like their caffeine suggests a new study finding that bees are more likely to remember plants containing the java ingredient.
The findings detailed today (March 7) in the journal Science show how plants can manipulate animals'memories to improve their odds of pollination.
Caffeine in nectarâ is likely to improve the bee's foraging prowess while providing the plant with a more faithful pollinator Wright added.
They also measured the amount of caffeine in four species of the Citrus plant: grapefruit lemons pomelo and oranges.
All of these plants contained caffeine. 10 Things You Need to Know About Coffee Plants produce caffeine as a defense mechanism a bitter-tasting brew to fend off insects.
but it's surprising that these plants use caffeine not as a toxin but as an advantage in getting bees to remember better.
Facts About Climate, Animals & Plants The Cenozoic era which began about 65 million years ago
Without the dinosaurs plant life had an opportunity to flourish during the Cenozoic era. Nearly every plant living today had its roots in the Cenozoic era.
During the early part of the era forests overran most of North america. However as the climate cooled forests died off creating open land.
Among the common plant life were pines mosses oaks and grasses. Flowering plants and edible crops dominate the landscape in the later part of this era as humans cultivate the land h
Facts About the Nuclear Disaster In the early morning hours of April 26 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine (formerly part of the Soviet union) exploded creating
and about 12 miles (20 km) south of the border with Belarus the four reactors at the Chernobyl Nuclear power Plant were designed
The day before the Chernobyl nuclear disaster plant operators were preparing for a onetime shutdown to perform routine maintenance on reactor number 4. In violation of safety regulations operators disabled plant equipment including the automatic shutdown
and other parts of the reactor core around the plant starting a number of intense fires around the damaged reactor
The explosions killed two plant workers who were the first of several workers to die within hours of the accident.
Officials eventually closed off an 18-mile (30 km) area around the plant; residents were told they would be able to return after a few days so many left their personal belongings and valuables behind.
But when radiation alarms began to go off at a nuclear plant in Sweden authorities were forced to reveal the full extent of the crisis. Within three months of the Chernobyl accident a total of 31 people died from radiation exposure or other direct
Shortly after the radiation leaks from Chernobyl occurred the trees in the woodlands surrounding the plant were killed by high levels of radiation.
Despite the contamination of the site and the inherent risks in operating a reactor with serious design flaws the Chernobyl nuclear plant continued operation for many years until its last reactor was shut down in December of 2000.
The plant the ghost towns of Pripyat and Chernobyl and a large area surrounding the plant known as the zone of alienation are largely off-limits to humans.
Thriving populations of wolves deer lynx beaver eagles boar elk bears and other animals have been documented in the dense woodlands that now surround the silent plant.
Because of the long-lived radiation in the region surrounding the former Chernobyl Nuclear power Plant the area won't be safe for human habitation for at least 20000 years.
We then used the bulk of the funding to process all collected plant material using laboratory tests that properly diagnose SOD.
By contrast 90 percent of plants have been described worldwide according to estimates. Identifying specimens by tracking a species-specific DNA component (barcode) is an invaluable technique for tracking organisms like fungi that spend most (or all of their life cycles in a microbial stage.
A new nonprofit group is shipping 18-inch (46 centimeters) saplings of the trees for people to plant to help fight deforestation
and plant species and testing water quality. I have conducted expeditions all over the world but never have seen I such beautiful pristine forests so untouched by humans expedition leader Leeanne Alonso now with the organization Global Wildlife Conservation said in a statement.
and recycle nutrients to promote plant growth. The expedition also turned up five other potentially new frog species many insects and one snake.
Coffee is a finicky plant extremely sensitive to fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. The international coffee market is finicky too unpredictable and subject to extreme fluctuations in price.
Evidence is mounting that plants are not adapting to the rapid changes especially in tropical regions.
Learning how to grow a new crop is not easy and losing the investment in the plants
One way that this happens is that plants and animals in the food chain absorb the carbon atoms explained study coauthor Thure Cerling a geochemist at the University of Utah.
It gets into plants during photosynthesis and is made into plant sugars and starches Cerling said.
And then an animal comes along and eats the plant and makes it into hair
or muscle or eyeballs and it gets incorporated into those tissues. An atomic time marker Scientists figured out long ago that by measuring the concentration of carbon-14 in tissue
By selling a finished product the growers not only earn more money they also have need less to clear land for additional coffee plants
</a p><p></p><p>Honeybees like tired office employees like their caffeine suggests a new study finding that bees are more likely to remember plants containing the java ingredient.</
The findings detailed today (March 7) in the journal Science show how plants can manipulate animals'memories to improve their odds of pollination.</
#Coolest Science Stories of the Week<p></p><p>Mini black holes images of early birds and talking plants topped our favorite stories this week.</
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27868-plant-sex-zero-gravity. html target=blank>Sex in Space:
Plant Canoodling Is Weird Without Gravity</a p><p></p><p>Scientists have identified tentatively several particles lurking deep inside the Earth's mantle that could reveal how much heat the planet produces
Even trees and plants fizz with the sound of tiny air bubbles bursting in their plumbing.</
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27802-plants-trees-talk-with-sound. html target=blank>Sound Garden:
Can Plants Actually Talk and Hear?</</a p><p></p><p>Mummies from thousands of years ago and around the world show evidence of clogged arteries new research finds.</
That means they don't know how each leaf looks notice changes in the height of plants
Early signs of plant damage show up in chlorophyll the energy-making machinery. This damage changes how the plant appears in infrared
and near-infrared images which could be captured in drone airplane imagery. More precise imagery could also allow farmers to target pesticides just to the plants that need them reducing how much ends up in the food supply Anderson said.
Drones could also be used by vineyards to make better wines by identifying patches of soil with richer moisture content.
It was that movement that prevented the overgrazing of plants while the periodic trampling ensured good cover of the soil Savory said.
Facts About Animals, Plants & Climate The Cretaceous period was the last and longest segment of the Mesozoic era.
As a result of suddenly lowered temperatures there may have been a global disruption in the numbers of both land plants and plankton in the oceans evidence
and other plant-based nutrients subsequent work with the American alligator has demonstrated otherwise. Crocodilians do not chew any fruit would likely get swallowed whole to digest in the strong acids of their guts.
Crocodilians might potentially spread plants far and wide researchers suggested. Some crocodilians make transoceanic journeys some crocodilians such as the saltwater crocodile have been found to wander 1000 miles (1600 kilometers) swimming from island to island Platt said.
There are all sorts of interesting implications there for the movement of plants across islands. The researchers would now like to feed fruit to crocodilians to see what happens to the seeds Do they regurgitate them out their mouths
and no toxic plants on the landscape said Kerry Mower a wildlife disease specialist with New mexico Department of Game
or find other plants as a substitution van Manen said. The researcher's team has submitted a paper examining the body composition
and were willing to pay median costs of $25 an acre to purchase seeds and $15 an acre for cover-crop establishment (aerial distribution of seed and the eventual killing of the plants at the end of the growing season).
However successful crop genetics might be new plant varieties cannot compensate for the deficiencies in systems.
#Deforestation Plants the Seed for Rapid Evolution in Brazil The deforestation of the Brazilian rain forest has created a hidden consequence:
For the plants that we studied it was 50 to 75 years Galetti said. It's quite fast.
The researchers plan to study other plant species and to take a deeper look at the genetics of the seeds to understand how forest fragmentation might be affecting heredity.
Seventy percent of the world s plants and animals live in forests and are losing their habitats to deforestation.
and local populations who rely on the animals and plants in the forests for hunting and medicine.
In the Amazon more than half the water in the ecosystem is held within the plants. Without the plants the climate may become dryer.
Soil erosion: Without tree roots to anchor the soil and with increased exposure to sun the soil can dry out leading to problems like increased flooding and inability to farm.
which plants take up water via their root systems and release it into the atmosphere as vapor).
and portion and steer toward largely plant-based items she said. At Chipotle one could order a burrito bowl with rice beans peppers and onions and no sour cream.
and it would be wrong now to conclude that their responses to various stimuli do not count in welfare decisions that they are similar to the various tropisms shown by plants (see this paperfor a discussion of pain that concerns itself with the possibility that others who act nothing like we do
so they drew from across the tree of life comparing aging patterns in 11 mammals 12 other vertebrates (animals with backbones) 10 invertebrates 12 plants and a green alga.
whether a plant is a tree or a shrub? Do certain environments promote longevity? There's good evidence that a lot of these plants that live a very long time tend to live in arid regions Jones said.
Aridity might have some kind of effect. Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter and Google+.+Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.
People who have high blood levels of healthy plant compounds known as carotenoids also tend to be more optimistic about the future a new study has found.
While some question the cost-effectiveness of using the substances environmental groups are concerned that the bright red chemical slurry can have a deadly effect on plants and wildlife.
When dumped into a wilderness area these fertilizers stimulate the growth of certain weedy fast-growing plants that outcompete slower-growing plant species some
And monarch butterflies fight parasites by laying their eggs in toxic milkweed plants. Helping humans Animal medicine can be useful to humans in a variety of ways.
Another plant eaten as a medicine by primates is now being used as an antiemetic (to treat nausea
The 10 Biggest Mysteries of the First Humans Diet insight Because plants using different methods of photosynthesis to grow absorb different amounts of carbon isotopes the ratio of those isotopes in dental enamel can reveal insights
For instance so called C3 plants absorb more of the heavy isotope carbon-13 into tissue than do C4 or CAM plants.
ancestors ate exclusively C3 plants. But after that despite living in a very similar environment their diet underwent a radical transformation to include C4 and CAM plants.
That signified a change from eating exclusively leaves and fruits to foods derived from grasses and succulents.
In their tubular segmented bodies nutrients are transformed into a form that plants can consume. Their influence on the environment has interested scientists since Charles darwin.
and makes it crumbly--the ideal place for plants to grow. Their digestion isn t the only process that helps the soil.
He stressed the importance of understanding the effects earthworms have on plants. If more plants grow because of the earthworm fertilization then those plants would use carbon dioxide in their normal photosynthesis cycle
and help reduce greenhouse gases in the environment. Whether or not earthworms contribute to climate change both sides agree that earthworms have unmistakable benefits.
Peppers and tobacco both belong to a family of plants called Solanaceae. As a result peppers be they red yellow
Newer genetic evidence from wild and domestic plants in recent years points to multiple origins for agriculture from Southwest Turkey to Iraq to Northern Syria.
During early periods humans were simply gathering wild plants but evidence for domestication of wild strains of grains such as wild barley and lentils gradually emerge in the middle layers of the tell.
Uses of potassium Potassium is an essential material for plant growth and it is found in most soils.
chamise ceonothus and other plants that cling to steep canyons and ridges. I work in Sequoia National park
The guidelines call for trimming branches keeping tall plants and shrubs away from buildings and spacing remaining trees
and are equipped well to break down plant material. The study's results will help Sumoski and co-author Robert Orth in their efforts to reintroduce eelgrass to Virginia's coastal bays.
And because water-dispersed plants can often travel farther than those dispersed by wind or plants the mangrove expansion could be very rapid the authors write in their paper.
 The team identified eight plant species that the animals eat finding that they seem to prefer fruit particularly from the breadfruit tree.
In Wyoming the understory plant cover which includes new tree seedlings shrubs and flowers more than doubled Ewers found.
and they eat a wide variety of plants including grasses shrubs tree leaves and shoots.
Their molars fall out regularly from the wear and tear of their plant-based diet and are replaced with new ones.
The Red Kangaroo is found in arid and semiarid regions where they eat green plants.
Moose eat up to 50 pounds (23 kg) of plants each day and may migrate seasonally looking for freshly growing plants.
Much of a moose's energy is maintained by eating flowering plants and fresh shoots from trees such as willow and birch.
These plants are rather low in sodium and moose generally need to consume a good quantity of aquatic plants to make up for it.
While much lower in energy these plants provide the moose with sodium and as much as half of their diet usually consists of marsh or river plants.
A moose stomach can hold up to 112 pounds (51 kg) of food at one time. Moose are generally solitary creatures
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