and pest-resistance concerns of traditional insecticides scientists are reporting. The advance toward broadening applicability of the so-called sterile insect technique (SIT) appears in the journal ACS Synthetic biology.
and a greater reliance on pesticides and fungicides to keep pests in check. Vandermeer suspects that the shift to sun coffee may be contributing to the severity of the latest coffee rust outbreak.
Both the widespread use of pesticides and fungicides and the low level of biodiversity found at sun-coffee plantations have contributed likely to the decline of white halo fungus in recent years Vandermeer said.
It also requires less fertilizer and pesticides. Haris recommends that the authorities in Bangladesh encourage farmers to cultivate more aromatic rice.
The species also assist the release of essential minerals in some chemical fertilizers though not in pesticides
The increased use of pesticides in agriculture puts these species in danger. The author Dr. Somsak Panha from the Animal Systematics Research Unit Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok Thailand comments:
but not those using chemical pesticides. However the worms did well in areas of organic farming
#Exposure to pesticides in food, air and water increases risk of type 2 diabetes, study findsa study led by the University of Granada reveals that there is a direct relationship between the presence of Persistent Organic Pollutants
A study conducted at the University of Granada has revealed that there is a direct relationship between exposure to pesticides (Persistent Organic Pollutants CPOS) in food air and water and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults regardless
In a paper recently published in the journal Environmental Research researchers demonstrate that people with higher concentrations of DDE-the main metabolite in the pesticide DDT-are four times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than other people.
which is present in the formula of the pesticide Lindano. A Study with 386 Subjectsto carry out this study the researchers analyzed the concentrations of a specific group of COPS in the adipose tissue of 386 adult subjects assisted at San Cecilio hospital Granada and Santa ana hospital Motril Spain.
which are present in pesticides industrial waste and building materials. These compounds penetrate the body mainly through food but also through air or the skin.
The findings could also explain why certain types of insecticides work more effectively than others.
An insecticide mist or dust that settles on a cockroach's antennae for instance should be ingested by the roach rather quickly due to constant grooming.
That method of insecticide delivery could be more effective than relying on residual insecticides to penetrate the thick cuticle for instance.
Other factors unrelated to habitat including road kill and the illegal use of rodenticides which poison the fishers must also be considered
and acrolein (a chemical found in herbicides). These toxic compounds are increased with reuse of oil and increased length of frying time.
#Environmental impact of insecticides on water resources: Current methods of measurement and evaluation show shortcomingscommon practice for the monitoring of insecticides in water resources reveals shortcomings.
This is shown by a current study conducted by the Landau-based Institute of Environmental sciences of the University of Koblenz-Landau.
However insecticides enter water resources very irregularly and even though their concentrations exceed the threshold levels only for a short time their harmful effect is present.
Compared with herbicides and fungicides which have a largely preventive effect and are applied frequently insecticides are employed only in cases of acute insect infestation.
Accordingly correspondingly high doses are applied discretely to fields in order to achieve the desired results. Although insecticides often show only short half-lives in the environment these highly toxic substances potentially enter water resources where they can be harmful to aquatic insects and other invertebrates.
These organisms react very sensitively to insecticides so that aquatic community compositions can be changed in favour of less sensitive species. Consequently the monitoring of water resources requires that samples be taken particularly
when insecticides are applied or severe periods of rain wash these into the water. Due to lack of personnel insufficient financial allocation and logistical restrictions however mostly regular fixed dates are chosen.
Current practice unsuitableour study shows that current methods of sampling for the investigation of insecticides in water resources are unsuitable declares Ralf Schulz of the Institute of Environmental sciences in Landau.
Accordingly by way of example on the basis of weekly monitoring of a typical agricultural stream none of the total of six insecticide concentration peaks per year described by model calculations is found.
Daily sampling detects only two of the six peaks. Only event-related sampling enables the detection of all these peaks.
Current practice wastes considerable sums of money as many of the fixed intervals do not coincide with periods of high insecticide concentrations.
If water resource monitoring detects no insecticide pollution in waterways and as a result no exceeding of the threshold levels this is
therefore give a completely false picture of the true impact of insecticides adds Sebastian Stehle principal author of the Landau study.
Samples showing no evidence of insecticide pollution should therefore not be considered--at least as long as environmental impact monitoring takes place statically.
which according to previous studies of the Institute of Environmental sciences in Landau are capable of reducing pesticide exposure up to 70 per cent.
It has developed resistance to against more than 50 insecticides including DDT Bt toxins among others making the use of chemicals as a control measurement become ineffective.
The completed genome sequencing of DBM will lay a solid foundation for tracking the evolutionary mechanisms of how an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore that can defense many insecticides. said Professor Minsheng You Vice president of FAFU and leader of the research team.
Insecticide tolerance or resistance may have contribution to the option of detoxification pathway in insect herbivores.
In this study researchers found DBM has a larger set of insecticide resistance-related genes than silkworm (B. mori) that had little exposure to insecticide over 5000 years of domestication.
and also allow it to develop immunity to the insecticides used against it. commented by Professor Geoff Gurr of Charles Sturt University Australia one of the international collaborators.
#Efficacy of natural bed bug pesticides comparedconcerns over human-insecticide exposure has stimulated the development of alternative bed bug control materials
and many essential oil-based pesticides and detergent insecticides have been developed in recent years. But how well do they work?
The nonsynthetic bed bug pesticides--which contain ingredients such as geraniol rosemary oil mint oil cinnamon oil peppermint oil eugenol clove oil lemongrass oil sodium lauryl sulfate
the researchers sprayed the 11 nonsynthetic pesticides directly on bed bug nymphs they found that only two--Ecoraider (1%geraniol 1%cedar extract
None of the nonsynthetic insecticides had any noticeable effect against bed bug eggs except for Ecoraider which killed 87 percent of them.
and many other places where insecticide application may not be applied directly onto the hidden insects the authors wrote.
Other factors besides the active ingredients must have accounted for the high efficacy of some essential oil-based pesticides the authors wrote.
thus minimizing the use of pesticides. Neiker-Tecnalia researchers isolated autochthonous bacterial strains belonging to soil samples and plant tissue.
and pesticides that entail environmental hazards and constitute a significant economic cost for farmers. Story Source:
Most growers of certified organic crops rely heavily on proven cultural and mechanical weed control methods while limiting the use of approved herbicides.
A new study of herbicides derived from clove oil tested the natural products'effectiveness in controlling weeds in Vidaliaâ sweet onion crops.
Johnson tested herbicides derived from natural products as a way to control these emerged weeds in organic Vidaliaâ sweet onion production.
although these types of herbicide have been studied previously the majority of the studies were performed on warm-season crops and weeds.
To test the efficacy of the clove oil-derived herbicide the researcher conducted irrigated field trials at the Vidalia onion
Herbicide treatments were applied with a carbon dioxide-pressurized tractor-mounted plot sprayer using spray tips of differing sizes.
An OMRI-listed clove oil herbicide was evaluated and applied at 10%by volume spray solution. The adjuvants for clove oil evaluated were a petroleum oil adjuvant at 1. 25%by volume a commercial product containing 20%citric acid at a rate of 0. 375%by volume a commercial adjuvant containing 20%saponins
extracted from Yucca schidigera at 0. 03%by volume an emulsified petroleum insecticide at a rate of 1%by volume clove oil alone (no adjuvant) and a nontreated control.
All clove oil herbicide treatments regardless of adjuvant had difficulty in maintaining an emulsion in the spray tank
which is known to be polluted with pesticides and toxic metals including mercury. The team utilized this network to produce
#Fungicides: Discovery on how fungi avoid immune responses of plants leads to new generation of fungicidesplants that come under attack from pathogens have an automatic immune response.
when the fungi are most accessible to fungicide treatment. Disabling the process could result in a new generation of fungicides that are able to act before the fungus has damaged the plant.
Professor Gero Steinberg from the University of Exeter said: Pathogenic fungi are a major threat to our food security--they can devastate crops and cost billions of pounds worth of damage.
and so we need to develop new fungicides all the time. Our research has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms by
Ortho-toluidine used to make rubber chemicals pesticides and dyes has been reevaluated and is listed now as a known human carcinogen.
It is used primarily to make rubber chemicals pesticides and dyes. It is used also in some consumer and medical products.
since the 1980s as a restricted-use pesticide. It is used industrially for treating utility poles wood pilings fence posts and lumber or timber for construction.
#Goats better than chemicals for curbing invasive marsh grassherbivores not herbicides may be the most effective way to combat the spread of one of the most invasive plants now threatening East Coast salt marshes a new Duke university-led
Land managers traditionally have used chemical herbicides to slow phragmites'spread but with only limited and temporary success. Now field experiments by researchers at Duke
We've used helicopters to spray it with herbicides and bulldozers to remove its roots.
if managers combine grazing with the selective use of herbicides to eradicate any remaining phragmites
which significantly impacts the $150 million Australian cherry industry through costs of applying fungicide yield loss
Instead of spraying fungicide we're using bees to deliver a biological control agent right to the flowers where it is needed.
Dr Hogendoorn says the use of bees has many environmental and economic benefits compared to spraying fungicide.
Slower natural wind speeds could reduce the amount of pesticide required to keep soybean aphids from wrecking harvests.
#Reducing pesticides, adding sound vibrations and boosting harvestsscientists in Italy are experimenting with sound vibrations to replace pesticides.
Adapting different eco-friendly methods they are able to boost harvests and open up a new chapter in sustainable farming.
And their studies suggest that these methods could be as efficient in protecting crops as using chemical based pesticides.
Commonly farmers use plant protection products like insecticides or plant growing regulators to protect their crops against pests and diseases.
But used in a wrong way pesticides can pose a risk to humans and the surrounding environment.
At the Fondazione Edmund Mach in Italy Ilaria Pertot and her team of the EU research project PURE have found ways to reduce the high pesticide rate in the European grapevine sector by disturbing the mating processes of the pests.
and this could reduce the use of pesticides close to zero. In central Italy near Pisa scientists of the EU research project Quessa want to understand how the land next to the cultivated fields--known as semi-natural habitats--may help to maximize the harvest.
http://www. youris. com/Bioeconomy/BIOECONOMY-TV/Reducing-Pesticides-And-Boosting-Harvests. kl#ixzz3dugjrct2story Source:
and pesticide use while foregoing the cost regulatory hurdles and controversy of Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOS.
and to perform research focused on the generation of biological pesticides which is a very important issue for agriculture due to the increasing restriction on the use of chemical pesticides emphasizes the scientist at INECOL.
and pesticides in order to reduce the escalating problem of resistance evolution. Furthermore current efforts are found insufficient to reduce the accumulating costs from chronic disease
#Pesticides more toxic for soil organisms in dry soil, at enhanced temperaturessoil organisms react more sensitive to marketable pesticides
when exposed in dry soil and at enhanced temperatures. Both conditions may occur more often in the future due to climate change.
Singularly and combined these factors lower the toxicity threshold of fungicides for springtails. The study by scientists from the LOEWE Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (Bik-F) the Goethe University and the ECT Oekotoxikologie Gmbh was published in the September issue of the journal Applied Soil Ecology.
and Climate Research Centre (Bik-F). Extreme climate conditions may also alter the effect of pesticides on soil organisms.
which the fungicide pyrimethanil may be toxic. explains Cornelia Bandow. In the framework of this study the toxic threshold refers to the concentration of the fungicide at
which the population is 50%less than in an uncontaminated soil. Thus at 26 degrees and a soil moisture of 30%the threshold was up to half of the threshold that was measured at 20 degrees and 50%soil moisture.
Pyrimethanil is a broad spectrum fungicide which is used on strawberries pome fruit and vine to protect against and treat fungal infestation.
Should fungicides thus be avoided at all so as not to harm soil organisms? Not necessarily. A risk for springtails under field conditions may not be expected as the toxic threshold of pyrimethanil is far above the maximum concentrations that may occur in soil
if the fungicide is used according to existing regulations says Bandow and adds It depends on the species
Therefore the researchers also plan to test several other pesticides using a variety of soil organisms.
Farmers have doused the weed in pesticides and ripped it out with their hands but it has only spread further.
But it means that a farmer sprays less pesticide. We need an integrated strategy and biological control is the most cost-effective strategy--let's embrace it.
#Pesticide risk assessments seen as biased, experts advisein the October issue of Bioscience a group of ecotoxicologists argue that the US Environmental protection agency's (USEPA) current practices for evaluating pesticide safety are inadequate
In their article Michelle Boone of Miami University and her colleagues note that most pesticide toxicity tests used in risk assessments are conducted by pesticide manufacturers themselves
The herbicide was deemed ultimately safe to amphibians despite the existence of a number of studies that could have led to a different conclusion.
To return to an integrated approach to managing all pests in the crops affected by H. halys growers require a more sustainable strategy for chemical control that combines efficient use of insecticides with a better understanding of its biology and behavior according to the authors.
Streptomycin in addition to being used a drug to fight disease is used also as a pesticide in fruit to combat the growth of bacteria fungi and algae.
As far as we know this is the first report that links an allergic reaction to fruits treated with antibiotic pesticides said allergist Anne Des Roches MDFRCP lead study author.
Insecticide-treated populations able to recoverovcarenko's findings show that genetic diversity of greenhouse whitefly is lower in the Finnish greenhouses compared with Greece where whiteflies are able to persist outdoors all year round.
However whiteflies are able to recover from insecticide treatments and maintain even high levels of genetic diversity in their local populations.
and insecticides cause frequent mortality Ovcarenko says. Moreover low global genetic diversity has reduced not adaptation or invasion potential of the Finnish population.
Biological pest control pays offthe study showed that resistance to common insecticide pymetrozine varies considerably among the Finnish whitefly populations.
If biological pest control was used whitefly populations were more susceptible to insecticides whereas whiteflies from greenhouses treated with insecticides over the years showed initial signs of resistance development.
The most important step to reduce crop damage and tackle invasion is to standardize practices in dense greenhouse areas.
The U s. Natural resources Conservation Service spent $127 million from 2005-2009 on herbicides and brush management without a clear understanding of its economic benefit.
It is controlled currently by a combination of insecticides baited traps biological control and releasing sterilised insects to produce nonviable matings known as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT).
and Chemistry addresses the effects of two broad-spectrum systemic insecticides fipornil and imidacloprid on honeybees.
These insecticides are used widely in agriculture and the authors conclude that fipronil and imidacloprid are inhibitors of mitochondrial bioenergetics resulting in depleted cell energy.
As a result there has been a flurry of research on honeybee parasitic mite infestations viral diseases and the direct and indirect impacts of pesticides.
Daniel Nicodemo professor of ecology and beekeeping at the Universidade Estadual Paulista in Dracena Brazil and lead author of the study states These insecticides affect the nervous system of pest
While at sublethal levels insecticide damage may not be evident even such low level exposure clearly contributes to the inability of a honeybee to forage
#Arctic mammals can metabolize some pesticides, limits human exposurefortunately you are not always what you eat at least in Canada's Arctic.
New research from the University of Guelph reveals that arctic mammals such as caribou can metabolize some current-use pesticides (CUPS) ingested in vegetation.
Pesticides or heavy metals enter rivers or lakes and vegetation where they are ingested by fish and mammals and in turn are consumed by other animals and humans.
Biomagnification has been implicated as the cause of higher concentrations of many long-used pesticides and other toxic chemicals such as PCBS found in wildlife
They examined the vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the area where the presence of other organic contaminants such as legacy pesticides
years than a calendar-based fungicide system because it guides growers to spray their crop at optimal times a new UF study shows.
when to spray fungicide to ward off diseases. Growers can use the system by logging onto www. agroclimate. org/tools/strawberry
and can lead to fungicide resistance said Natalia Peres associate professor in plant pathology who led the system's development.
Traditionally strawberry growers sprayed their crop with fungicide weekly. But this was said not optimal John Vansickle a UF/IFAS food
Third too much fungicide helps build chemical resistance for the disease Vansickle said. The study written by Vorotnikova Borisova
They also showed that the two substances rescued the toxic effects of the weed killer Paraquat.
Cells that had been treated with this herbicide which is known to cause a Parkinson's like harm of mitochondria recovered after the addition of the two substances.
or with a down-regulated DJ-1 decreased the toxic effect of the herbicide restored the activity of the mitochondria
and military troops exposed to poisonous chemicals--particularly those in pesticides and chemical weapons. An article in the current issue of the journal Chembiochem outlines the advancement in detoxifying organophosphates
which are compounds commonly used in pesticides and warfare agents. The patent-pending process was developed by NYU School of engineering Associate professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jin Kim Montclare along with Richard Bonneau an associate professor in NYU's Department of biology and a member of the computer science faculty
at NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. Their work centers on proteins called phosphotriesterases
which have the unique capability of degrading chemicals in a class known as organophosphates which are found in everything from industrial pesticides to the sarin gas used in chemical warfare.
Organophosphates permanently bond to neurotransmitters in the brain interfering with their ability to function and causing irreversible damage.
The ability of phosphotriesterases to detoxify organophosphates has been documented previously; however applications using the protein for this purpose have been limited by its short half-life and instability at high temperatures.
Montclare and her colleagues devised a method of re-engineering phosphotriesterases by incorporating an artificial fluorinated amino acid and computational biology.
Organophosphates pose tremendous danger to people and wildlife and sadly it's not unusual for humans to come into contact with these compounds
whether through exposure to pesticide or an intentional chemical warfare attack explained Montclare. We've known that phosphotriesterases had the power to detoxify these nerve agents
or pesticide exposure and would likely be developed first for military use the proteins could be critical
but will have less of an environmental impact--such as varieties that require less water fertilizer and pesticides.
In recent times we've seen resistance in powdery mildew to the class of fungicide most commonly used to control the disease in Australia.
#Pesticide linked to three generations of disease: Methoxychlor causes epigenetic changeswashington State university researchers say ancestral exposures to the pesticide methoxychlor may lead to adult onset kidney disease ovarian disease and obesity in future generations.
What your great-grandmother was exposed to during pregnancy like the pesticide methoxychlor may promote a dramatic increase in your susceptibility to develop disease
and you will pass this on to your grandchildren in the absence of any continued exposures says Michael Skinner WSU professor and founder of its Center for Reproductive Biology.
The researchers say the pesticide may be affecting how genes are turned on and off in the progeny of an exposed animal even though its DNA and gene sequences remain unchanged.
In recent years the Skinner lab has documented epigenetic effects from a host of environmental toxicants including DDT plastics pesticides fungicides dioxins hydrocarbons and the plasticizer bisphenol-A or BPA.
For people exposed to the pesticide Skinner says his findings have reduced implications such as fertility increased adult onset disease
#Corn and soy insecticides similar to nicotine found widespread in midwest U s. riversinsecticides similar to nicotine known as neonicotinoids were found commonly in streams throughout the Midwest according to a new USGS study.
This is the first broad-scale investigation of neonicotinoid insecticides in the Midwestern United states and one of the first conducted within the United states. Effective in killing a broad range of insect pests use of neonicotinoid insecticides has increased dramatically over the last decade across the United states particularly in the Midwest.
The use of clothianidin one of the chemicals studied on corn in Iowa alone has doubled almost between 2011 and 2013.
Neonicotinoid insecticides are receiving increased attention by scientists as we explore the possible links between pesticides nutrition infectious disease
Neonicotinoid insecticides dissolve easily in water but do not break down quickly in the environment. This means they are likely to be transported away in runoff from the fields where they were applied first to nearby surface water and groundwater bodies.
These states have the highest use of neonicotinoid insecticides in the Nation and the chemicals were found in all nine rivers and streams.
of which include neonicotinoid insecticides. We noticed higher levels of these insecticides after rain storms during crop planting
which is similar to the spring flushing of herbicides that has been documented in Midwestern U s. rivers
and streams said USGS scientist Michelle Hladick the report's lead author. In fact the insecticides also were detected prior to their first use during the growing season
which indicates that they can persist from applications in prior years. One of the chemicals imidacloprid is known to be toxic to aquatic organisms at 10-100 nanograms per liter
and outside factors such as the sun pesticides and other pollutants Dalaly explained. If left to roam free these free radicals can attack DNA proteins
#Mammals metabolize some pesticides to limit their biomagnificationthe concentrations of many historically used and now widely banned pesticides and other toxic chemicals--called legacy contaminants--can become magnified in an animal that eats contaminated food.
However a new study has found that Arctic mammals metabolize some currently used pesticides preventing such'biomagnification.'
'The study appears in the journal Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. Researchers who studied the vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the Bathurst region of Canada say that currently use pesticides enter the food chain
and become concentrated in vegetation but the evidence shows that they are not biomagnified through the diets of their consumers.
Since these pesticides replaced some legacy contaminants that do biomagnify in similar food chains this is good news for the wildlife
Compared with conventional apple orchards managed with herbicides and fertilizers green compost wood chip and shredded paper treatment may result in improved soil quality the authors concluded.
I. entomology professor and department head May Berenbaum who reported that some substances in honey increase the activity of genes that help the bees break down potentially toxic substances such as pesticides.
#Fungicides for crops: Worrying link to fungal drug resistance in UK, warns scientistscrop spraying on British farms could be aiding a life-threatening fungus suffered by tens of thousand of people in the UK each year.
and fungicides used on crops. Experts warn their findings now published are significant and raise serious implications for transplant patients those with leukemia
which were treated with fungicides to 290 air and soil samples from inner city sites across Greater manchester.
They found no resistance from the sites in Greater manchester compared to 1. 7%resistance detected in West yorkshire implicating fungicide use in agriculture.
However the clear association with triazole fungicide usage is very worrisome as some unlucky people at risk will breathe in untreatable Aspergillus with potentially dire consequences.
The only oral antifungal agents (triazoles) for human use are similar in structure to certain fungicides.
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