The meeting was emblematic of a transformation in the way states are approaching climate change said Ellen Mosley-Thompson director of the BPRC and Distinguished University Professor of geography at Ohio State.
Some other discouraging news came from Lonnie Thompson Distinguished University Professor in the School of Earth sciences and Senior Research Scientist at BPRC:
but analyzing how the forest has responded may help researchers predict the long-term impact of global warming according to research scientist Izaya Numata of the Geographic Information science Center of Excellence at South dakota State university.
Co-authors also include UM alumna Sasha Reed at the U s. Geological Survey and researchers at the University of Colorado-Boulder and the University of Connecticut.
Among these the world's oldest-known grape species Indovitis chitaleyae discovered in 2005 and described in 2013 pushed the record of the Vitaceae (grape) family into the Late Cretaceous about 66 million years ago.
According to their research published online this week in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences these fossil beetles indicate that during a period of global warming in the geological past there were mild frost-free winters extended even in the uplands
Lead researcher Nerilie Abram from the ANU Research School of Earth sciences said the findings explained the mystery over why Antarctica was not warming as much as the Arctic and why Australia faces more droughts.
and Brian Kiel a Ph d. candidate in geology at the university's Jackson School of Geosciences provides valuable information to those who manage water quality efforts including the tracking of nitrogen fertilizers used to grow crops in the Midwest in the Mississippi river
Using detailed ground-level data from the United states Geological Survey (USGS) and Environmental protection agency Cardenas and Kiel analyzed the waterways for sinuosity (how much they bend and curve);
While the cattle egret is not currently a threat to native fauna in Brazil throughout most of its geographic distribution it has the potential to produce adverse effects as evidenced by its occupation of island environments.
Lead author Dr Lindsay Banin from the UK's Centre for Ecology & Hydrology said In Borneo dipterocarps--a family of large trees with winged seeds--produce wood more quickly than their neighbours.
The above story is provided based on materials by Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Currano assistant professor of geology and environmental earth science Miami University of Ohio; Conrad C. Labandeira department of paleobiology Smithsonian Institution and department of entomology University of Maryland.
if they were to happen again said Bekker a geography professor at BYU. We would really have to change the way we do things here.
For this study the BYU geographer took sample cores from Douglas fir and pinyon pine trees. The thickness of annual growth rings for these species is especially sensitive to water supply.
Another study co-author Kim Wickland United states Geological Survey said This study provides important data for better accounting of how methane emissions change after wetland drainage and flooding.
while its development tends to be halted by temperatures over 27-30 Â C. Control methodskeeping an eye on the meteorological periods that encourage the development of the disease is helpful
Natural gas from geological sources contains methane as well as substantial quantities of ethane propane and butane. We have shown that one microbe can grow on both methane and propane at a similar rate.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was called together by the World meteorological organization WMO and the UN's environmental programme UNEP.
and Hydrology said Human's use of nitrogen is a major societal challenge that links environment food security and human health.
The above story is provided based on materials by Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Professor Oliver Phillips from the University of Leeds'School of Geography who co-led the study said:
Five new NASA Earth science missions are launching in 2014 to expand our understanding of Earth's changing climate and environment.
and facilitate a larger geographic dispersal area. Such information could give important new clues for the forestry industry to help curb the current devastation of North american forests from this pest.
Clow of the U s. Geological Survey in their paper. Dead trees create changes in water qualityusing'fingerprints'of different water sources defined by the sources'water chemistry we found that a higher fraction of late-summer streamflow in affected watersheds comes from groundwater rather than surface
Island biogeographic theory accurately predicted bats'responses to forest loss on the Panamanian islands system
The reason for the discrepancies according to the study's authors is that island biogeographic theory was originally based on actual islands surrounded by water
Especially in the tropics island biogeographic theory's application is distorting our understanding and conservation strategies in agriculture the enterprise on
Not only do more species persist across the'sea of farmland'than expected by island biogeographic theory novel yet native species actually thrive there said co-author Elizabeth Hadly the Paul S. and Billie Achilles Professor in Environmental Biology at Stanford and senior
and the World meteorological organization (WMO) in 1988 the group has released four assessment reports that present ever more sobering appraisals of
whose results are preserved in the geologic record. By analyzing samples from the Greenland ice sheet University of Washington atmospheric scientists found clear evidence of the U s. Clean Air Act.
They discovered a link between the two forms of pollution in the geologic record. Nitrogen is emitted as a short-lived compound NOX
Eventually better understanding of the air chemistry during formation of the layers could allow researchers to correct for the effect extracting better information of the past from these compounds in the geologic record.
and geographies aimed at driving down the use of water whilst improving crop quality and shelf life.
and how much of it breaks down along the way said Masiello associate professor of Earth science at Rice.
The researchers used radiocarbon dating and other techniques to examine the black carbon that was buried in seafloor sediments in the Northeast Pacific that dated to about 20000 years ago.
A research ship moves about the speed of a 10-speed bicycle said Scott Doney director of the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Mass.
Oceanographers have made up some of the observational deficit by contracting with shipping lines to gather data along commercial routes.
For more information about NASA's Earth science activities in 2014 visit: http://www. nasa. gov/earthrightnowstory Source:
BLM's interventions have not helped to restore habitat for the greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) reported scientists from the US Geological Survey (USGS)
and then die when the floods arrive releasing the carbon into the aquatic system said Thiago Silva an assistant professor of geography at SãO Paulo State university in Rio Claro Brazil.
and weight of the catch for 40 species. The hydrological data include daily water level measurements recorded in the Madeira Purus and Amazonas-Solimã es rivers.
and Rice alumna Karen Lozano a professor of mechanical engineering and Mircea Chipara an assistant professor of physics and geology both of the University of Texas Pan American Edinburg Texas. Ajayan is Rice
The relationship depends on meteorology as well as the concentration of other precursors to particulate formation such as sulfate and nitric acid.
The project was led by University of Southampton Professor of Geography Peter Atkinson who worked with his colleague Dr Jadunandan Dash and in collaboration with Professor Jeganathan Chockalingam from the Department of Remote Sensing at the Birla Institute of technology in India.
and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the effects of different land uses on watershed hydrology
Despite the region's importance in the global climate system not much is known about its own climate history says James Russell associate professor of geological sciences at Brown.
As you start varying the hydrological cycle of Indonesia you almost have to vary the Earth's water vapor concentration.
IHME's study found striking differences in smoking rates by geography gender and income. Overall counties in the South particularly in Kentucky Tennessee and West virginia as well as those with large Native american populations have the highest rates of total cigarette smoking
#Dry future climate could reduce orchid bee habitatduring Pleistocene era climate changes neotropical orchid bees that relied on year-round warmth
By proceeding with the caveat that physiological tolerance has remained constant--species tend to be evolutionarily conservative about shifting their niches--the researchers used computer models to simulate past bee distributions based on climate conditions in the Pleistocene.
when the neotropics had lowered precipitation each species experienced significant reduction in suitable habitat with E. cingulata maintaining the largest geographical ranges.
which they share a common biogeographical heritage with researchers conducting summer-long surveys along a typical residential street.
For more information about NASA's Earth science activities in 2014 visit: http://www. nasa. gov/earthrightnowstory Source:
The discovery of these 19 new species triples the diversity of the group that scientists thought had only a few species with broad geographical ranges.
The project focuses on two geographic case studies: Big Hole Valley in Montana--a high-altitude ranching valley--and Grand County in Colorado--a resort community west of Denver and south of Rocky mountain national park.
The distinct geographic patterns in which these variants were present correlate in many cases with historic human migrations mixing between populations as well as the spread of cattle camels or sheep.
but the Mongols'vast geographic reach and their ideas--an international postal system organized agriculture research and meritocracy-based civil service among other things--shaped national borders languages cultures and human gene pools
In a study the Jena geographers analyzed the condition of the soil in the region known as'Crete Senesi'between Florence and Grosseto
In the laboratory they analyzed their chemical physical and hydrological qualities and discovered that the concentration of sodium in the soil is crucial for its stability.
Understanding this convection is therefore fundamental to the study of plate tectonics. The mantle is made up of solid rocks.
The latest evidence for antedating the eruption was supplied by a study from Denmark that used radiocarbon dating (14c dating) to examine olive wood from the period of the eruption.
In his opinion answers are more likely to be found through interdisciplinary research involving close cooperation between archaeologists climatologists geoscientists dendroclimatologists
Cruise and researchers from the University of Maryland-College Park and the U s. Dept of agriculture's Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory in Beltsville Md.
Mishra's North Alabama sensor research done in conjunction with USDA's Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory covered a 10-square-kilometer area that included dry land-farmed crops relying on rainfall only irrigated crops varying crop types pasture and fallow land.
Their findings reveal that dung beetles were much more frequent in the previous interglacial period (from 132000 to 110000 years ago) compared with the early Holocene (the present interglacial period before agriculture from 10000 to 5000 years ago.
One of the surprising results is that woodland beetles were much less dominant in the previous interglacial period than in the early Holocene
A region of ultra-high biodiversity the western Amazon harbors thousands of plant species that grow at different elevations and in different soils on different geologies.
and elevation--two geological factors they must negotiate as living organisms. Within these communities the trees have evolved chemical portfolios that are different from one another maybe to help each species take a place in its community
and biogeographic construction Asner said Land use and climate change are two very obvious pressures on the western Amazon.
which is comparable to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) scale and can be produced quickly in a laboratory and distributed meeting growing demand.
Euan G. Nisbet Foundation Professor of Earth sciences at Royal Holloway maintains an Atlantic network of greenhouse gas measurements.
According to Jennifer Fitchett a Phd student in the Wits School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES) there has been an assumption that increasing sea surface temperatures caused by global warming is causing an increase in the number
temporal trends in a global context was published in the International Journal of Climatology in February 2014
oil-producing cropa multi-institutional team reports that it can increase sugarcane's geographic range boost its photosynthetic rate by 30 percent
and levees loss of wetlands and flood-holding capacity internal channelization of the Cache River and tributaries and an ever-changing climate have altered the hydrology of the valley redistributed soil from fields
and Mississippi riversâ#Olson said As the 2011 Ohio river floodwater reclaimed its ancient floodway Olson says that the extent of these hydrologic changes
But according to the paper published in the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences journal intensive organic matter using composted manure prior to planting resulted in significantly higher groundwater pollution rates compared with liquid fertilization techniques through drip irrigation.
Holly Dunsworth URI assistant professor of anthropology said that the research team found fossils of a single individual of Proconsul which lived 18 to 20 million years ago among geological deposits that also contained
Ever since the influenza pandemic of 1918 it has not been possible to narrow down even to a hemisphere the geographic origins of any of the genes of the pandemic virus. Our study changes that Worobey said.
A Penn State geographer is gathering all the information he can about the agrobiodiversity of these uniquely adapted tubers with an eye toward sustainability of this fourth largest food crop worldwide.
In the U s. we rely primarily on 10 to 12 types of potatoes total said Karl Zimmerer department head and professor of geography.
and has vast geographic and agrobiodiversity knowledge said Zimmerer. He is a Peruvian who has worked from Chile to Venezuela
and geographic information systems can supply important information for sustainability and conservation. Combining the top-down and bottom-up information provides novel knowledge
which also includes many unique types with geographic dynamics being a key to adaptation and sustainability.
Stahle and Jordan Burns a graduate student in geography at the U of A compared historical records of 22 typhus epidemics in central Mexico with soil moisture estimates based on tree-ring reconstructions.
Dr Mark Harrison based in the Department of Geography at the University of Leicester and Managing director of the Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project (Outrop) has along with international colleagues published results of a seven year study of Orangutans in Borneo in the journal Scientific Reports.
#San franciscos big 1906 earthquake was third of a series on San Andreas Faultresearch led by a University of Oregon doctoral student in California's Santa cruz Mountains has uncovered geologic evidence that supports historical
The evidence places the two earthquakes in 1838 and 1890 on the San andreas fault as theorized by many researchers based on written accounts about damage to Spanish-built missions in the Monterey and San francisco bay areas.
Continuing work says San francisco bay-area native Ashley R. Streig will dig deeper into the region's geological record--layers of sediment along the fault--to determine
Streig is lead author of the study published in this month's issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
She collaborated on the project with her doctoral adviser Ray Weldon professor of the UO's Department of Geological Sciences and Timothy E. Dawson of the Menlo Park office of the California Geological Survey.
We found the first geologic evidence of surface rupture by what looks like the 1838 and 1890 earthquakes as well as 1906 said Streig whose introduction to major earthquakes came at age 11 during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake on a deep
sub-fault of the San andreas fault zone. That quake which disrupted baseball's World series forced her family to camp outside their home.
This is the first time we have had good clear geologic evidence of these historic 19th century earthquakes she said.
High-resolution radiocarbon dating of tree-rings from the wood chips and charcoal confirm these are post European deposits
and the geologic earthquake evidence coincides with written accounts describing local earthquake damage including damage to Spanish missions in 1838 and in a USGS publication of earthquakes in 1890 catalogued by an astronomer from Lick Observatory.
Additionally in 1906 individuals living near the Hazel Dell site reported to geologists that cracks from the 1906 earthquake had occurred just where they had 16 years earlier in 1890
and like the 1989 event occurred on a sub zone of the San andreas fault. Conventional thinking Streig said has suggested that the San andreas fault always ruptures in a long-reaching fashion similar to the 1906 earthquake.
This study is the first to show three historic ruptures on the San andreas fault outside the special case of Parkfield Weldon said referring to a region in mountains to the south of the Santa cruz range where six magnitude 6-plus earthquakes occurred between 1857 and 1966.
but now we know the San andreas fault ruptured three times on the same piece of the fault in less than 100 years.
More broadly Weldon said having multiple paleoseismic sites close together on a major fault geologists now realize that interpretations gleaned from single-site evidence probably aren't reliable.
This research furthers our understanding of the connectivity of the various sections of California's San andreas fault
The U s. Geological Survey funded the research through grants 08-HQ-GR-0071 08-HQ-GR-0072 G10ap00064 G10ap0065 and G11ap20123.
A Geological Society of America Student Research Grant to Streig funded the age-dating of the team's evidence at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.
and is located in the middle of a fascinating transition zone that lies between the northern Indochinese and the southern Sundaland biogeographic regions.
and builds on a range of the university's previous collaborative projects which span its departments of Chemistry Biology Earth sciences and the Durham Business school.**
Lead researcher Chris Doughty from the School of Geography and the Environment at the University of Oxford said:
and methane during the mid-Pliocene epoch were twice the levels observed in the preindustrial era--largely
These findings help explain why the Pliocene was two to three degrees C warmer than the preindustrial era
Climate scientists have suggested that the Pliocene epoch might provide a glimpse of the planet's future
During the Pliocene the two main factors believed to influence the climate--atmospheric CO2 concentrations
and the geographic position of the continents--were nearly identical to modern times. But scientists have wondered long why the Pliocene's global surface air temperatures were so much warmer than Earth's preindustrial climate.
The answer might be found in highly reactive compounds that existed long before humans lived on the planet Unger says.
Forest cover was vastly greater during the Pliocene a period marked not just by warmer temperatures
Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model-E2 global Earth system model the researchers were able to simulate the terrestrial ecosystem emissions and atmospheric chemical composition of the Pliocene and the preindustrial era.
According to their findings the increase in global vegetation was the dominant driver of emissions during the Pliocene--and the subsequent effects on climate.
The new study argues otherwise saying that the particles lingered about the same length of time--one to two weeks--in the Pliocene atmosphere compared to the preindustrial.
We grew teosinte in the conditions that it encountered 10000 years ago during the early Holocene period:
Piperno and Winter devised a scheme to essentially travel back in time by comparing plants grown in modern conditions with plants grown in the early Holocene chamber.
when in the Holocene teosinte became the plant very distinctive from maize in vegetative architecture
Much of this appears to be a response to U s.-led anti-trafficking efforts especially in Mexico said Kendra Mcsweeney lead author of the Science article and an associate professor of geography at The Ohio State university.
Mcsweeney is a geographer who has done research in Honduras for more than 20 years studying how indigenous people interact with their environment.
We heard the same kinds of things from agricultural specialists geographers conservationists. Several of us decided we needed to bring more attention to this issue.
and Zoe Pearson a graduate student in geography at Ohio State. The research was supported in part by the National geographic Society Association of American Geographers Ohio State and Northern Arizona University.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Ohio State university. The original article was written by Jeff Grabmeier.
and more frequent during vulnerable times of the breeding season as climatologists predict Rebstock said.
Dr Hunt who is Director of research on Environmental Change at Queen's School of Geography Archaeology
which can lead to glacial conditionsâ#explains lead-author Joe Quirk from the University of Sheffield. â#oeover the last 24 million years the geologic conditions were such that atmospheric CO2Â could have fallen to very low levels â
Dr Michael Pocock an ecologist at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and lead author of the research paper said This is the sort of science that anyone can Do by taking part the public are doing real science
The above story is provided based on materials by Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and ultimately link this to satellite observations where we think changes in plant cycles due to climate change are being expressed on a global scale said Jack Mustard professor of geological sciences at Brown.
A study published in January 2014 in the ornithological journal The Auk provided the very first evidence of largely modern Hoatzins from the Miocene (15 million years ago) in Africa.
The fossils belong to a newly described species Protoazin parisiensis (proto-Hoatzin from Paris). The re-interpretation of these bones indicates that hoatzins lived in Europe as early as the late Eocene i e. around 34 million years ago.
Most notably Hoatzins appear to have become extinct in Europe much earlier than in Africa where the latest fossils were dated as of Miocene age (15 million years ago)
The newly discovered species were preserved in Eocene epoch fossil beds that are 49 million to 52 million years old
By the time of these flies in the Eocene however forests had diversified again but this time with many new kinds of flowering plants that are familiar to us today such as birches maples and many others.
The study was led by Nate L. Stephenson of the U s. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research center. Three Oregon State university researchers are co-authors:
The researchers report in the current issue of American Journal of Botany that Agathis was a dominant keystone element of the Patagonian Eocene floras alongside numerous other plant taxa that still associate with it in Australasia and Southeast asia.
Laguna del Hunco that dates to the early Eocene at about 52.2 million years ago and RÃ o Pichileufã dating to about 47.7 million years ago.
#Oceanographer examines pollutants in Antarctic seal milkan oceanographer from the University of Rhode island is analyzing the milk from Antarctic fur seals to determine the type
Rainer Lohmann a professor at the URI Graduate school of Oceanography is collaborating with a researcher at the Southwest Fisheries science Center in California to learn about the health and ecology of fur seals that winter in different locations in the South Pacific.
and the University of Grenoble Alpes all in France as well as the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to carry out the largest laboratory experiment ever to study such waves.
The team's large-scale laboratory experiments on the generation of such waves used a detailed topographic model of the Luzon Strait's seafloor mounted in a 50-foot-diameter rotating tank in Grenoble France
Matthew Alford an associate professor of oceanography at the University of Washington who was involved in the related field studies for this project says The strong forcing
and their geographic range decreased by 30 percent. The largest remaining concentration of this species approximately 53000 individuals is in Gabon where officials have established 13 national parks designated as habitats for elephants.
A new study by the Wildlife Conservation Society Idaho State university and the U s. Geological Survey suggests that habitat fragmentation
Authors include Kristy Howe of the Wildlife Conservation Society and Idaho State university Peter Coates of the U s. Geological Survey and David Delehanty of Idaho State university.
which reveals the oldest evidence of sexual reproduction in a flowering plant--a cluster of 18 tiny flowers from the Cretaceous period--with one of them in the process of making some new seeds for the next generation.
The perfectly-preserved scene in a plant now extinct is part of a portrait created in the mid-Cretaceous
During the Cretaceous new lineages of mammals and birds were beginning to appear along with the flowering plants.
The observations suggest there is a complex interplay between geological oceanographic and climatic processes. The study stresses the importance of both local geology and climate variability in ocean melting in this region.
Lead author Dr Pierre Dutrieux from British Antarctic Survey (BAS) said: We found ocean melting of the glacier was the lowest ever recorded
It's breaking down the geographic barrier of where the information is and where it needs to be.
Just Tuesday, the U s. Geological Survey released a report saying government programs encouraging biofuel production caused corn acreage in the Mississippi Delta to grow 288 percent in 2007,
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