and plants in harmful ways and the ecosystem became unbalanced. Or as science puts it we caused a harmful top-down trophic cascade by removing an apex predator the wolf from the food web.
So with conservation ethics and ecological science in pretty good alignment we reintroduced the wolves to Yellowstone where today they scare away the hungry elk herds from the tasty young willows.
in the opinion pages of The New york times. This story that wolves fixed a broken Yellowstone by killing and frightening elk is one of ecology s most famous he wrote.
(which The New york times actively curates for signal over noise) with some readers protesting that the wolves have been crucial to Yellowstone's ecological revival.
As a Phd ecologist myself it's hard to see how 60%fewer elk could affect vegetation as much as before.
Journalist Emma Marris who recently wrote about wolf/ecosystem science for the journal Nature finds that Middleton's stance aligns with a growing body of evidence.
Some of the recent studies suggest that trophic cascades in land-based ecosystems are more center out than top-down composed of many many radial lines of cause
or breaks a healthy ecosystem. Every population of wolves has a different interesting story going on with them says Marris.'
And in some it's a question of how they're interacting with the rest of the ecosystem.
Generally it's accepted that there is a lot more involved in balancing an ecosystem. But some still believe carnivores are somewhat special in their top-down effects on the ecosystem she says.
Wolves generate a lot of emotion as well as attention because they've become a bell-weather for the fate of wilderness.
What's most at risk as we debate the role of wolves in the ecosystem seems to be our hope for a really straightforward story that explains
In other words wolves are vital for the proper function of the ecosystem as we know it (something that has been shown over and over again
This is what we would expect to see happening with climate change one ecosystem replacing another said Gruner who co-leads an interdisciplinary research project on mangrove ecosystems along with Ilka C. Feller of the Smithsonian.
One valuable ecosystem replaces another--at what cost? Some people may say this is a good thing because of the tremendous threats that mangroves face said the study's lead author Kyle Cavanaugh a Smithsonian postdoctoral research fellow.
which have important ecosystem functions and food webs of their own. Mangrove forests grow in calm shallow coastal waters throughout the tropics.
Both provide valuable ecosystem services buffering floods storing atmospheric carbon and building soils. Both are in decline nationally and globally.
whether the change will affect coastal ecosystems'ability to store carbon; and whether juvenile fish and commercially valuable shellfish will remain abundant in the changing plant communities.
The findings published online in the journal Functional Ecology may help land managers make decisions about which trees to cull and
while he and Jeffry Mitton a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology were walking through a stand of high-elevation limber pines.
Academy scientist Brian Fisher an entomologist who specializes in the study of ants calls them the glue that holds ecosystems together.
Ants are one of the most important members of ecosystems says Fisher. They turn over more soil than earthworms.
#oereducing demand for ruminant products could help to achieve substantial greenhouse gas reductions in the near-term#said co-author Helmut Haberl of the Institute of Social Ecology in Austria#oebut implementation of demand changes represent a considerable
and support ecosystem services that is services that the environment provides which benefit humans. The areas also had to have low land value
Their findings are published online in the journal Forest Ecology and Management. We found we have a native predator that is able to detect
and the impact on the ecosystem Flower said. In this study the researchers wanted to see
and woodpecker activity in the area said Christopher Whelan an avian ecologist with the Illinois Natural history Survey UIC adjunct assistant professor of biology
or recreational needs and uses and cost-effective natural resource management to maintain the health of the ecosystem said John J. Mack chief conservation and education officer.
and changing the Island for thousands of years the Conservancy is always seeking new approaches to ensuring the long-term use and ecological health of Catalina Island.
what's best for land ecosystems is also best for coastal corals. The study appears in the online edition of Marine Policy.
but also how much they benefit coral reef ecosystems said lead author Dr. Carissa Klein. Thinking about the connections between the land and sea is done rarely
Most managers realize how downstream ecosystems such as coral reefs can be affected negatively by land-based activities that cause increases in runoff and associated sediments nutrients and chemicals.
and link land to sea conservation helps to ensure the long term security of their globally important coral reef ecosystems while supporting the livelihoods and resilience of coastal communities.
Agencies are likely to require extensive studies of gene flow and their effects on forest ecosystems
which together with further ecological research might provide a socially acceptable path for commercial deployment.
and where it lives according to a new study that offers the most detailed portrait to date of livestock ecosystems in different parts of the world.
so we can get a fuller picture of how livestock in all these different regions interact with their ecosystems and
The ISI-MIP team describe how adverse climate change impacts like flood hazard drought water scarcity agriculture ecosystems
#European springtime temperature benefits Alpine ibex vitalitya study published December 16th 2013 in the journal Ecology Letters provides new evidence for the dependency of local trophic interactions
and ecologists from Switzerland Norway and the US debuts in applying existing methods of tree-ring research (dendrochronology*)to analyze annual horn growth rates of the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex**)
By critical nitrogen loads we refer to nitrogen deposition known to have harmful effects on the functions of more sensitive organisms in the ecosystem.
since northern forest ecosystems are highly sensitive to the effects of excess nitrogen. Such areas in Finland include nutrient-poor
The Rice study detailed this week in the American Chemical Society journal Environmental science and Technology emerges as the Environmental protection agency (EPA) prepares technical guidance for higher ratios of ethanol in fuels.
and Kansas where farmers can't pump enough water to meet the demands of their crops said Bruno Basso co-author and MSU ecosystem scientist.
The book published this month by Bloomsbury draws on a wide variety of social historical and ecological sources.
and filled the same ecological role that kangaroos or deer play today. But no one had suspected that they
The research was conducted on the Smithsonian's 700-hectare Panama canal Watershed Experiment a long-term research site designed to quantify ecosystem services provided by different land uses.
Based on analysis of 37 years of satellite imagery and long-term fieldwork the researchers determined that hunting with fire by the Xavante Indians actually maintained ecological integrity
According to Brondizio Xavante practices offer invaluable lessons regarding ecosystems and conservation. The Xavante show us how to maintain
and Ecosystem Services group in its research carried out on the pine plantations of Bizkaia.
The work has been published in the journal Forest Ecology and Management. In many European countries forestry authorities have started to take the sustainable management of forests into consideration.
as a result of the fall in the profitability of the plantations of exotic rapid-growth species says Ibone Ametzaga member of the UPV/EHU's Landscape Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services group.
when developing the International Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Programme in Bizkaia. This programme involves assessing the services provided by ecosystems.
The benefits that human beings obtain from ecosystems are known as services. Besides their value in terms of leisure landscape and education forests provide food
and timber fix the carbon and thus collaborate in the regulation of global climate systems;
Ecological succession is the natural evolution that takes place in an ecosystem and is driven by the competition
Dirk HÃ lscher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany and an international team of researchers have discovered that some banana varieties accumulate specific plant toxins in the immediate vicinity
which not only cause ecological damage but can also have severe negative effects on the health of people who are exposed to these chemicals.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and their colleagues from universities in Leuven (Belgium) Jena Kassel-Witzenhausen Halle Bonn and Bremen as well as the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product
The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Dr. Karen Price is an ecologist and Kiri Daust's mom and homeschool teacher. My role is simply to encourage Kiri's curiosity Price explained.
and the Technical University of Denmark has appeared recently in the scientific journal Critical reviews in Environmental science and Technology.
In the current issue of the technical journal Critical reviews in Environmental science and Technology the UFZ research scientists compile their results
This was confirmed by a recent study by the Institute for Environmental sciences Landau. According to the study the level of fungicides measured in surface waters is often much higher than the level predicted by the current calculation model used in the approval process.
The Institute for Environmental sciences Landau already proved last year that there is no statistical or even apparent correlation between theory and practice for insecticides.
and animal life in surface waters nor do they predict properly the level of fungicide concentrations actually found later in surface waters explains Prof Dr. Ralf Schulz of the Institute for Environmental sciences Landau of the University of Koblenz-Landau.
and herbicides relatively little is known about the effects of fungicides on ecosystems. Initial studies indicate though that they may possibly have a strong effect on amphibians such as frogs.
in order to secure boreal biodiversity and ecosystem services and adaptation to climate change. These jointly created recommendations concern the northern areas of Finland Sweden Norway and Northwest Russia.
in order to bring a halt to the destruction of species and ecosystems in line with goals of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.
The objective is to conserve functional ecological corridors between Finland and Russia. Constructive cooperationthe BPAN project has been funded by the Nordic Council of ministers the Ministries of the Environment of Finland Sweden and Norway and the Barents sea office of WWF Russia.
What we found is that land-use decisions have immediate and dramatic impacts on many of the forest benefits people depend on said Jonathan Thompson Senior Ecologist at Harvard Forest
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
Extremely invasivethis is one of the most spectacular examples of the invasion of an entire continent by a foreign species introduced by man says Paul Schmid-Hempel retired Professor of Experimental Ecology at ETH Zurich.
Together with this wife Regula and his colleagues from South america he has published just his work in Journal of Animal Ecology.
The findings show that the European buff-tailed bumblebee spread southwards from central Chile along the Andes at a rate of around 200 kilometres a year--faster than the ecologists would ever have expected.
and it would be almost impossible to remove it from the ecosystem. The consequences for the native fauna and flora are
The European bumblebee could disrupt the ecological balance of southern South america to a major degree. Nor is it stopping either at the boundaries of famous nature reserves like Torres del Paine
and other magnificent landscapes stresses the ecologist. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by ETH Zurich.
Lead researcher Dr Joseph Hawes from UEA's School of Environmental sciences said: We examined dietary data to quantify how much different primate species feed on fruit leaves and insects--particularly in relation to their body size.
Such a scenario could involve including snow cover/albedo in existing greenhouse gas exchanges like the Kyoto protocol or a cap-and-trade program or ecosystem services market in
Previous studies have put a price on many ecosystem services --or services that nature provides to humans that have both economic and biological value such as drinking water
and other ecosystem services so they recommend forest managers take those factors into account as they try to maximize the flow of timber carbon storage and albedo in mid-and high-latitude temperate and boreal forests.
Using behavioural assays researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany
As well as being productive aboveground Miscanthus was shown in Illinois to accumulate more roots over a period of five years than fallow land or even a native prairie ecosystem.
and Ecology led the genomics team of collaborative researchers from four institutions. The posting of the genome and comparative sequence analysis on the publicly accessible Spottedwingflybase Web portal could lead to more species-specific weapons to combat the destructive pest Chiu said.
and the Frank Zalom lab both in Department of Entomology and Nematology and David Begun's drosophila evolutionary genetics lab in the Department of Evolution and Ecology.
However a new article in the open-access Journal of Integrated Pest Management called Ecology Taxonomy and Pest Management of Billbugs (Coleoptera:
which brings together several environmental science laboratories attached to CNRS including LSCE. 5 The three scenarios selected are RCP2. 6 4. 5 and 8. 5. RCP stands for'Representative Concentration Pathways'.
The scientific community can make an important contribution to conservation in deserts by establishing baseline information on biodiversity and developing new approaches to sustainable management of desert species and ecosystems.
In a study published in the Journal of Ecology biologists from Monash University and RMIT University have investigated the evolution of flower colors due to the bee's color vision.
which indicated that culling hadn't reduced transmission said U-M population ecologist and epidemiologist Pejman Rohani senior author of the PNAS paper (the first author is Julie Blackwood a former postdoctoral research associate in Rohani's lab who is now at Williams College).
The journal Ecological Engineering recently published the results of the study by Forest Service Southern Research Station scientists Ying Ouyang Ted Leininger and Matt Moran.
The group then tested a number of factors that addressed both ecological conditions (describing forests soils climate
Nikki Rust of the University's Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE) said:''This research has shown for the first time that livestock guarding dogs can successfully be used in South africa to protect livestock from attack by predators as large as leopards or small as jackals.'
and carbon cycles through the atmosphere and land-based ecosystems but exactly how it does this vital job is understood poorly.
and bacteria be sequenced to inform research on perennial plant growth ecosystem function and plant microbe interactions.
which are probably responsible for its large appetite for phosphorus said Francis Martin one of the senior authors on the paper and lead for the Cluster of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE
forest one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems and a key indicator of global climate change.
Invasive plants are more likely to be replaced by other invasivesamong the most impressive ecological findings of the past 25 years is the ability of invasive plants to radically change ecosystem function.
whether ecosystem impacts of invasions persist over time and what that means for plant communities and ecosystem restoration.
and gain insight into how plant invasions changed over time without management said D'Antonio who also is a professor in the Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology.
Nonnative plants can have very large impacts on ecosystem functioning--including altering groundwater soil salinity
or ph and pollination syndromes said lead author Yelenik who earned her doctorate from UCSB's Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and now works for the U s. Geological Survey's Pacific Island Ecosystems
While the study demonstrates that ecosystem impacts and feedbacks shift over time it also indicates that this may not necessarily help native species'recovery.
Yelenik and D'Antonio conducted a large outplanting experiment to test how a suite of native and exotic woody species responded to shifting ecosystem impacts.
This indicates that the changing impacts of the grass over time do not alter the seedlings'ability to grow in the ecosystem.
and why invasions alter ecosystems is insightful for predicting what will happen but without further management we may not get native species back Yelenik said.
and getting patchy that may be the time to plant native species. It might turn out to be the most cost-effective way to get an ecosystem back to a more desirable state.
It is of particular ecological interest because its fruits are removed by ants after falling. The authors are also working with colleagues from University of Sydney to investigate the taxonomic value of aromatic resins which also appear to have therapeutic value.
The review The consequences of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services by scientists from the universities of Southampton Cambridge Oxford and St andrews is published today (15 november) in the journal Science.
Trees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem*services in addition to timber food and other provisioning services such as carbon sequester
and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. The term pest and disease was used to describe all pathogens
and small-to medium-size insect herbivores that--by causing tree damage and death--disrupt the ecosystem services provided by trees.
*An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air water and mineral soil) interacting as a system.
Their research findings have been published in the journal Fungal Ecology. Professor Brasier and Dr Webber studied C. fraxinea's genetic recognition system called a vegetative compatibility (vc) system in samples of the fungus from three different UK sites Their results
Vc systems are central to the ecology and survival of a fungus enabling it to define its territory to resist viral attack
and also the ecological and operational factors that may have a bearing on the prevalence of the diseases.
We found that instead of recent wolves being closest to domestic dogs ancient European wolves were directly related to them said Robert Wayne a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology in UCLA's College of Letters and Science and senior author of the research.
Losses or gains in forest cover shape many important aspects of an ecosystem including climate regulation carbon storage biodiversity
In many ecosystem models plants reach this limit too soon increasing the water stress that plants are predicted to feel during the dry season.
Instead we found that most of the valley bottoms at the time of European contact were dominated by wetland ecosystems with numerous small stable'anastomosing'streams.
and Pantanal ecosystems both for their cultural and natural heritage said Dr. Julie Kunen Director of WCS's Latin america and the Caribbean Program and an expert on Mayan archeology.
Biophysical and Social Barriers Restrict Water Quality Improvements in the Mississippi river Basin was published in the Nov 5 issue of Environmental science and Technology.
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences.
The scientists from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and Bournemouth University concluded that although carbon recovered most quickly even after 80 years regrowing forests tended to have less carbon than old-growth forests.
Lead author Phil Martin a Phd student at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology said#oewe think plant species normally found in old-growth forests are failing to colonise regrowing forests
Co-author Professor James Bullock from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology said#oeour results clearly indicate that preservation of old-growth forests is vital for the conservation of specialist species
The above story is provided based on materials by Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
what ecologists call a mutualism. Theoretical studies predict that mutualisms should be stronger under resource-poor conditions
In a paper scheduled for online publication Nov 5 in the journal PLOS Biology University of Michigan ecologist Elizabeth Pringle
All plant-animal mutualisms may employ a similar insurance model according to Pringle a postdoctoral fellow in the Michigan Society of Fellows and an assistant professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and at the School of Natural resources and Environment.
As the climate changes the increased frequency of extreme weather events such as drought may act together with rare biological events such as outbreaks of insect pests to profoundly alter the ecology and evolution of plant-animal interactions.
animal and plant communities change ecosystem functions disappear carbon emissions contribute to climate change. Whatever happens regionally has global consequences.
clavã k. According to the co-author and the head of the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at UFZ Leipzig Prof.
All five cat species mentioned are charismatic and important components of the forest ecosystems and predators of a wide range of other animals.
which convert the organic matter into nutrients says Mary Scholes who is a Professor in the School of Animal Plant and Environmental sciences at Wits University.
because humankind depends heavily on it for food production says Bob Scholes who is a systems ecologist at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.
but also contributed to global warming and the pollution of aquifers rivers lakes and coastal ecosystems.
Replacing the fertility-sustaining processes in the soil with a dependence on external inputs has made also the soil ecosystem and humans vulnerable to interruptions in the supply of those inputs for instance due to price shocks.
and environmental security we need an agricultural soil ecosystem that more closely approximates the close and efficient cycling in natural ecosystems
and so incredibly productive said Noah Fierer a fellow at CU-Boulder's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental sciences (CIRES)
Today only remnants of the tallgrass prairie remain covering just a few percent of the ecosystem's original range.
For the study Fierer an associate professor of microbial ecology and his colleagues used samples of soil collected from 31 different sites spread out across the prairie's historical range.
The samples--which were collected by study co-author Rebecca Mcculley a grassland ecologist at the University of Kentucky--came largely from nature preserves and old cemeteries.
when it was still an intact ecosystem the researchers built a model based on climate information and the data from the samples.
and data from the few remaining snippets of this vanishing ecosystem said Katherine Pollard an investigator at the Gladstone Institutes in San francisco
Advantage for shrubs and new tree speciesthere may be consequences for the forest ecosystem. After mild winters the native species run a higher risk of developing their leaves too late.
These are what ecologists call keystone species: critters that control an ecosystem and have a disproportionate impact on other species. And in the forests of New england
what are the keystone species? Put earthworms on the list. Kudzu vines grow madly covering power lines.
and reshaping local ecosystems. And in the forests of New england what are the invasive species?
He and Gorres know the worms are upsetting forest ecosystems --and they also think the worms have a role to play in global climate change.
The presumption is that the first agricultural immigrants brought earthworms with them says historical ecologist Charlie Cogbill one of the scientists on this project
and realities on the ground said Finn Danielsen the study's lead author and senior ecologist at the Nordic Foundation for Environment and Development in Copenhagen Denmark.
It was published in a special issue of the journal Ecology and Society. The study is part of the EU-funded project Impacts of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
and become an entirely unreliable source of information about ecosystem health. Gary Wellborn professor of biology in the OU College of Arts and Sciences and director of the Oklahoma Biological Station;
and disrupting the ecological balance for centuries to come. Co-author Ernesto Raez Luna Senior Advisor to the Minister Peruvian Ministry of the Environment remarked:
and science the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular biology and Applied Ecology IME has optimized the cultivation and production engineering over the past few years.
All ecological communities are based on interactions between species said Warren. Climate change is disrupting phenological synchrony.
Given the economic and ecological impacts of Paratrechina longicornis discovering a close relative may provide us with insights into the biology of one of the world's worst invasive ant species. For instance
Outside of agro-ecological systems many studies have indicated that even flowering plants considered as invasive may have positive effects on insects especially on nectar
of these ecosystems said WCS conservationist Edward Okot Omoya the lead author of the study.
Their loss would permanently alter two of Africa's great ecosystems. The crisis in lion conservation in Uganda reflects the status of the species across Africa where lion populations have dropped by 30 percent over the past two decades as a result of illegal killing and the loss of both habitat and prey.
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