#Raid Your Kitchen To Build This Potato chip Speakerin 1921 two scientists made the first modern loudspeaker out of magnets wire and paper.
1/51) Gather the parts 25 feet of 30-gauge magnet wire Two-inch-diameter-by--inch cylindrical refrigerator magnets Two cardboard strips
chips work best) 2) Build a voice coil Wrap the magnet wire tightly around the dowel to make a âÂinch-tall coil leaving 12 inches of wire on each end.
Sand an inch of paint off the wire's ends. 3) Assemble the speaker Fold the cardboard strips into A z shape.
Hot-glue the magnets and strips to the particleboard and then the coil to a chip.
Next glue a cardboard strip to each end of the chip while centering the coil over the magnet. 4) Rock out Connect the sanded speaker wires to an amplified audio source such as a home entertainment center (a portable player may lack enough power)
and bring near to a powerful permanent magnet-magic! My name is Sophia. I am 10 years old
and magnet and it worked also. So is the potato chip really doing anything? We could hear differences between the the different diaphragms
and magnet work without a diaphragm? Thanks for sharing this very informative article indeed you have provided us with a useful content that we can apply in our daily lives.
After Hurricane Sandy shoved water into Con Edison's 14th street substation in October causing electricity to arc between capacitors about a quarter million customers were left in the dark.
A tree blown down wires ravaged by wind a flooded power facility each event had rippled out to affect homes far from the point of failure.
Transformers at the plants increase the voltage so it can be moved more efficiently to local substations
When a fault current or surge occurs anywhere along the line automatic circuit breakers open to halt it.
Imagine a power line studded with five smart switches that connects back to a substation on both ends.
As bad things happen circuit breakers just start opening and the lights go out Mantooth says. Rather than simply stopping the electrical surge altogether his machine can absorb the excess current
In urban centers like New york city and Los angeles their fault currents are getting so high that they're having to start replacing all of their circuit breakers Mantooth says.
We would insert this guy into the grid he says leave the existing circuit breaker and limit the current so that the breaker is overwhelmed not.
With these smaller grids the loss of transmission lines would be far less critical and whats left would be easy and cheap to engineer.
A tree blown down wires ravaged by wind a flooded power facility each event had rippled out to affect homes far from the point of failure.
Just cut damn trees 15 feets on each side of each power line. It was Nikola Tesla who made the grid of today not Thomas Edison.
Tesla's AC and transformer technology did enable the grid that we have today. Side note to the Euros--there are high voltage DC lines in the US they've been in place for years.
and yes it's extremely energy efficient with triple pane windows solar panels a tremendous amount of insulation ceiling fans and 4 zone HVAC.
For starters give every home owner a voucher to install Solar panels and properly insulate their homes.
have given you any thought at all about the negative consequences of putting solar panels on every rooftop?
Solar panels charge a 12-volt battery that powers the motor which spins a geared bike wheel near the twelve o'clock position.
The giant alien robots in Michael Bay s Transformers franchise aren built t in factories. They re grown in egglike pods
The Transformers in other words seem to be products of evolutionary robotics a burgeoning field of research that applies biological principles to the creation and behavior of robots.
But just as unchecked Transformer reproduction could be bad news for any humans caught in the inevitable crossfire machines could be dangerous too Bongard cautions
Inspired by Transformers: Age of Extinctionthe Plot: The fourth installment in the Transformers series continues the story of a race of robots at war with itself.
Joining the battle this go-round is the species most exotic specimens yet the Dinobots.
Overhead Magnet Belt This device consists of a strong magnet with a conveyor belt moving around it.
Eddy Current Separator An electromagnet inside a rotating drum creates a force field at the end of a conveyor belt.
and the Massachusetts institute of technology to pursue novel batteries micro fuel cells and wireless power transfer. He estimates he is only one or two years away from his first autonomous-power demonstration.
but its propellers can still get tangled in branches or power lines. We wanted to bring something to the field fast Guiler says.
he s using electrodes to record the activity of neurons in insects brains. He links them to a flight-simulation system and presents them with visual stimuli picture of a predator for instance hat cause them to react.
Now a new approach to understanding a basic concept in graph theory known as vertex connectivity could ultimately lead to communications protocols--the rules that govern how digital messages are exchanged--that coax as much bandwidth as possible from networks.
or aerial live mass that generates a tree specially the canopy that is the upper part of the tree (leafs and branches) and in second term the trunk.
The autism study was made possible by patients being treated for epilepsy who underwent surgery to have implanted depth electrodes in their brains to monitor seizure-related electrical activity.
The amygdala is a routine target for depth electrodes to localize epileptic seizures. This provides a unique opportunity to record activity from the amygdala a brain structure that is important for the processing of emotions
Fungal colonies of the same vc-type can fuse to form a single individual but those of a different vc-type cannot.
when the colonies are able to fuse. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Forest Research.
and plug into a TV to adapt the device into a server that can store Khan Academy materials for use offline.
Kudzu vines grow madly covering power lines. Zebra mussels muscle-out native mussels in Lake Champlain. Burmese pythons devastate local wildlife in the Everglades.
and coolants in motors and electrical systems but were banned in 1979 in the U s. after studies found that exposure to these compounds caused cancer and other deleterious health effects in animals.
Also better management of weedy plant species that are known to be Se-accumulators can prevent them from becoming a route of exposure.
The outdoor setup was powered by solar panels and photographed an Arizona grassland in a panorama four photos high by seven photos wide.
In microelectronics this approach to growing high-density carbon nanotube forests on conductors can potentially replace
In the future more robust carbon nanotube forests may also help improve thermal interface materials battery electrodes and supercapacitors.
The experiment setup involved gluing a moth by its thorax to a support structure attaching a series of electrodes to its flight muscles to trigger its wings to beat at a rapid pace
Your shoes clothing and hair can all be allergen magnets. Taking allergy medication long before you head into the great outdoors can help suppress allergy symptoms.
A supercapacitor combines the best qualities of capacitors that charge in seconds and discharge energy in a burst and rechargeable batteries that charge slowly but release energy on demand over time.
In particular researchers have struggled to find an electrolyte which conducts ions between a battery's electrodes that won't break down
The separator keeps the electrolyte on the anode and cathode sides of a traditional battery apart
while allowing ions to pass through). Our innovation has been to identify an unconventional electrolyte/separator system that remains stable at high temperatures Ajayan said.
Present-day oscillators for SAWS are relatively bulky Fang says but the use of a 2-D granular material to guide
What's more the 2-D nature of this system could allow it to be fabricated right on a chip along with the necessary control circuits and other components.
Today's oscillators by contrast are typically separate devices placed next to the chip array that controls them Fang says--so in cases where small size is important the new work has the potential to allow for even smaller electronic devices.
Using data obtained during six years of regular aerial surveys and genetics data collected by a consortium of research groups scientists have strengthened evidence pointing to the central Gulf of Maine as a mating ground for North Atlantic right whales according to a study recently published online in the journal Endangered
Mothers and calves are detected during intensive aerial surveys conducted from December through March off the coasts of Florida Georgia South carolina and North carolina.
Photovoltaic solar panels by comparison typically have an overall energy efficiency of around 15 percent. When used in the autoclaves in the tests the heat
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) an LHC component that played a role in last year's discovery of the Higgs boson is one of the two experiments that captured the new data.
Nanoribbons are being studied for use in batteries and advanced electronics and as heat sinks. Usually you make a ribbon by taking a large thing
The devices dubbed one diode-one resistor (1d-1r) worked especially well when compared with test versions (1r) that lacked the diode Wang said.
Importantly they found that exposure to aerial spraying was associated not with increased rates of emergency department visits for any of these conditions.
When local methods prove inadequate aerial spraying is used to rapidly reduce large adult mosquito populations.
According to the UC Davis researchers the exposure to pyrethrin during the urban aerial sprayings in 2005 was minimal due to the use of ultra low volume technology.
Geraghty cautioned that potential long-term effects of aerial spraying were addressed not in the study and would be extremely difficult to investigate on human populations.
Proof-of-concept anodes--the part of the battery that stores lithium ions--built with graphene nanoribbons (GNRS)
After 50 charge-discharge cycles the test units retained a capacity that was still more than double that of the graphite currently used for LI battery anodes.
With a layer of aluminum on the other side of the device constructed by the Penn State team the polymer bands stretched from the top to bottom electrodes
It's not clear why the copolymer organizes itself perpendicular to the electrodes he said.
I can make a closed circuit out of the superconducting material cool it down and attach a battery that starts the flow of the electrons.
#Diamonds, nanotubes find common ground in graphenewhat may be the ultimate heat sink is only possible because of yet another astounding capability of graphene.
A vertically aligned forest of carbon nanotubes grown on diamond would disperse heat like a traditional heat sink but with millions of fins.
Graphene a single sheet of carbon atoms is the thinnest electrical conductor we know. With the addition of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide and other metal dichalcogenides we have all the building blocks for modern electronics that must be created in atomically thin form.
Silicon was used for the hydrogen-generating photocathode and titanium oxide for the oxygen-generating photoanode The treelike architecture was used to maximize the system's performance.
For example Yang notes that the photocurrent output from the system's silicon cathodes and titanium oxide anodes do not match
and that the lower photocurrent output from the anodes is limiting the system's overall performance.
We have some good ideas to develop stable photoanodes with better performance than titanium oxide Yang says.
We're confident that we will be able to replace titanium oxide anodes in the near future
The scientists also tested the Mosoy catalyst anchored on sheets of graphene--an approach that has proven effective for enhancing catalyst performance in electrochemical devices such as batteries supercapacitors fuel cells and water electrolyzers.
Ulanovsky in cooperation with a US commercial company created a wireless lightweight (12 g about 7%of the weight of the bat) device containing electrodes that measure the activity of individual neurons in the bat's brain.
which makes collisions with power lines and overhead cables a serious threat. Modern agricultural techniques also endanger the subspecies.
A NASA C-20a piloted aircraft carrying the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) is wrapping up studies over the U s. Gulf Coast Arizona and Central and South america.
and automobile manufactures are aggressively trying to develop vehicles that run on hydrogen fuel cells. Unlike gas-powered engines that spew out pollutants the only byproduct of hydrogen fuel is water.
and energy companies are working on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as the transportation of the future Zhang said.
The energy stored in xylose splits water molecules yielding high-purity hydrogen that can be utilized directly by proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
The group plans to achieve this by optimizing the optical properties of the solar cell's electrode.
and power lines findings that could affect the oil and gas industry as much as farmers and land owners.
The Rice university lab of materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan determined that the well-studied material is a superior cathode for batteries that could supply both high energy density and significant power density.
Cathodes built into half-cells for testing at Rice fully charged and discharged in 20 seconds
In the best samples made at Rice fully 84 percent of the cathode's weight was the lithium-slurping VO2
and lead author Shubin Yang said they believe that to be among the best overall performance ever seen for lithium-ion battery electrodes.
which other cathodes commonly decay even at low charge-discharge rates. We think this is real progress in the development of cathode materials for high-power lithium-ion batteries Ajayan said suggesting the ribbons'ability to be dispersed in a solvent might make them suitable as a component in the paintable batteries developed in his lab. Co-authors of the new paper are Rice graduate students
Daniel Hashim and Lulu Ma; research scientist Zheng Liu; former Rice visiting researcher Liang Zhan now an associate professor at East China University of Science and Technology in Shanghai;
hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles such as the Mercedes F-Cell scheduled to be introduced about 2014; and compressed natural gas vehicles such as the Honda civic Natural gas.
When hydrogen is used as a fuel cell in electric vehicles the only vehicle emission is water.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could become less costly than the advanced internal combustion engine vehicles of 2050.
Fuel cell vehicles are not subject to the limitations of battery vehicles but developing a hydrogen infrastructure in concert with a growing number of fuel cell vehicles will be difficult and expensive the report says.
The technology advances required to meet the 2050 goals are challenging and not assured. Nevertheless the committee considers that dramatic cost reduction
One intuitive way to think about graph Laplacians is to imagine the graph as a big electrical circuit and the edges as resistors.
The weights of the edges describe the resistance of the resistors solving the Laplacian tells you how much current would flow between any two points in the graph.
Ceramics are used in a wide variety of technologies including body armor fuel cells spark plugs nuclear rods and superconductors.
By placing electrodes in the stems of petunias the researchers showed that when a bee lands the flower's potential changes
Episodic purging of carbonate capacitor drives long-term climate cyclea new Rice university-led study finds the real estate mantra location location location may also explain one of Earth's enduring
We found that Earth's continents serve as enormous'carbonate capacitors'said Rice's Cin-Ty Lee the lead author of the study in this month's Geosphere.
Zno is used widely in sunscreen products as gas sensors antibacterial agents optical and electrical devices and as pigments.
Single-atom-thick patterns combine conductor and insulatorrice University scientists have taken an important step toward the creation of two-dimensional electronics with a process to make patterns in atom-thick layers that combine a conductor and an insulator.
But to build a working device conductors alone will not do. Graphene-based electronics require similar compatible 2-D materials for other components
Researchers can then use magnets to lift and suspend the cells as they grow and divide.
We also used primary cells rather than engineered cells which is important for toxicological testing because primary cells provide the closest possible match to native cells.
Souza said bronchiole tissue could solve another problem that's frequently encountered in testing the toxicity of airborne agents.
Basically a grain boundary is a resistor in series with a conductor. That's always bad.
and conducts electricity and heat like a metal wire. In this week's issue of Science the researchers describe an industrially scalable process for making the threadlike fibers which outperform commercially available high-performance materials in a number of ways.
but behaves like both metal wires and strong carbon fibers. The research team includes academic government and industrial scientists from Rice;
Nanotubes'conductive properties--for both electricity and heat--rival the best metal conductors. They also can serve as light-activated semiconductors drug-delivery devices
The beads are removed from the sample with the help of a magnet and the loose fragments are rinsed off.
The study appearing online this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences discovered that a common protease enzyme known as furin activates the MERS-Cov to fuse with cell membranes
and packing at electrode surfaces the team combined knowledge about graphene and organic crystals. Though it was difficult Briseno says they managed to get the necessary compounds to stack like coins.
#Combining antibodies, iron nanoparticles and magnets steers stem cells to injured organsresearchers at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute infused antibody-studded iron nanoparticles into the bloodstream to treat
Furthermore targeting was enhanced even further by placing a magnet above the injured heart. The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute has been at the forefront of developing investigational stem cell treatments for heart attack patients.
the researchers believe phosphorus may be a promising anode material for batteries. In fact 2-D phosphorus has more in common with three-dimensional silicon the most common element in semiconducting electronics like computer chips.
The new study shows that aerial righting using uncoordinated asymmetric wing flapping is a very early development.
But once animals without wings have this innate aerial righting behavior when wings came along it became easier quicker and more efficient.
The researchers have attached electromagnets to small drones or quadrotors enabling them to pick up and drop off small parcels.
and experience issues with power supplies infection and problems with blood clots and bleeding. Transplantation using an animal organ
Unfortunately (and perhaps ironically) that includes electrical contacts. Traditionally in order to measure conductivity in a material one has to attach contacts
Implications for transmission line development will appear in the August 2014 print issue of the journal The Condor.
of which 53 percent were located on transmission line towers. â#¢Both ravens and Red-tailed hawks selected nest sites in close proximity to habitat edges while Swainson's and Ferruginous Hawks selected nest sites far from habitat edges.
and the material's tendency at sufficiently low temperatures to become a better conductor of electricity in some directions than in others.
The plant tries to stop this penetration by building a plug of cell wall material--a papillae--around the infection site.
In his Phd project Jamil Chowdhury showed that effective papillae contained up to four times the concentration of callose arabinoxylan and cellulose as cell wall plugs
However certain landscape features such as power line rights-of-way railroad edges and roadsides may support rabbit dispersal as they provided the animal's preferred scrub habitat.
A major power line connected some of these populations in the recent past--a finding which underscores the importance of restoring suitable habitat to reconnect these populations.
#LEDS shine in bedding plant production studygrowers of annual bedding plant seedlings or plugs work to produce compact fully rooted transplants with a large stem diameter
and Roberto Lopez from Purdue University designed a series of lighting experiments on plugs of Antirrhinum Catharanthus Celosia Impatiens Pelargonium Petunia Tagetes Salvia and Viola.
blue light could be a good combination for greenhouse LED supplemental lighting of bedding plant plugs.
The basic concept behind resistive memory devices is the insertion of a dielectric material--one that won't normally conduct electricity--between two wires.
When a sufficiently high voltage is applied across the wires a narrow conduction path can be formed through the dielectric material.
and just drop down electrodes without having to fabricate edges Tour said. When we made our initial announcement about silicon oxide in 2010 one of the first questions
Combing through the 36000-plus genes found in Eucalyptus (nearly twice as many as in the human genome) the researchers homed in on those that may influence the production of secondary cell wall material that can be processed for pulp paper biomaterials and bioenergy applications.
A major determinant of industrial processing efficiency lies in the composition and cross-linking of biopolymers in the thick secondary cell walls of woody fibers.
Commercial use of unmanned aerial vehicles in U s. airspace was banned by the Federal Aviation Administration in 2007
With the joined forces with CAAS IRRI And gates Foundation we have made a step forward in big data-based crop research
The company is using new technologies such as infrared detectors to monitor power lines for preventative maintenance.
and have issues with power supplies infection and both clotting and hemolysis. Transplantation using an animal organ
when solar power was more of a novelty source of energy for individuals who were too far from power lines to get conventional electricity from the grid.
Just as in nature very little mechanical energy is required in the laboratory to release a much greater amount of chemical energy--quite similar to a fuse
Crops planted beneath the solar panels would capture the runoff water used for cleaning the PV panels
Novel electrodestwo years ago Kanan and Li created a novel electrode made of a material they called oxide-derived copper.
because the metallic electrode was produced from copper oxide. Conventional copper electrodes consist of individual nanoparticles that just sit on top of each other Kanan said.
Oxide-derived copper on the other hand is made of copper nanocrystals that are linked all together in a continuous network with well-defined grain boundaries.
For the Nature study Kanan and Li built an electrochemical cell--a device consisting of two electrodes placed in water saturated with carbon monoxide gas.
When a voltage is applied across the electrodes of a conventional cell a current flows and water is converted to oxygen gas at one electrode (the anode)
and hydrogen gas at the other electrode (the cathode). The challenge was to find a cathode that would reduce carbon monoxide to ethanol instead of reducing water to hydrogen.
Most materials are incapable of reducing carbon monoxide and exclusively react with water Kanan said. Copper is the only exception
but conventional copper is very inefficient. In the Nature experiment Kanan and Li used a cathode made of oxide-derived copper.
When a small voltage was applied the results were dramatic. The oxide-derived copper produced ethanol and acetate with 57 percent faradaic efficiency Kanan said.
For example said Babst Branching has a big impact on the display of a plant's leaves to capture sunlight like arrays of solar panels.
and drilling medical therapy and diagnosis biopharmaceuticals air conditioning fuel cells power transmission systems solar cells micro-and nanoelectronic mechanical systems and cooling systems for everything from engines to nuclear reactors.
modulation and decoupling Foster surgically inserted electrodes into the forelimbs and hind limbs of seven male green anole lizards.
The units also boast antenna arrays--Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO--different from the Wifi router philosophy)--that allow the researchers to construct 3d images of the ice.
#New pomegranate-inspired design solves problems for lithium-ion batteriesan electrode designed like a pomegranate--with silicon nanoparticles clustered like seeds in a tough carbon rind--overcomes several remaining
While a couple of challenges remain this design brings us closer to using silicon anodes in smaller lighter
Experiments showed our pomegranate-inspired anode operates at 97 percent capacity even after 1000 cycles of charging
The anode or negative electrode is where energy is stored when a battery charges. Silicon anodes could store 10 times more charge than the graphite anodes in today's rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
but they also have major drawbacks: The brittle silicon swells and falls apart during battery charging
and it reacts with the battery's electrolyte to form gunk that coats the anode
and form an anode. Lab tests showed that pomegranate anodes worked well when made in the thickness required for commercial battery performance.
While these experiments show the technique works Cui said the team will have to solve two more problems to make it viable on a commercial scale:
Pasquali said there has been a disconnect between electrical engineers who study the current carrying capacity of conductors
Suppose you want to power an unmanned aerial vehicle from the ground he mused. You could make it like a kite with power supplied by our fibers.
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