As religious icons in Southeast asia and a key species of the forest ecosystem their decline is of serious cultural and ecological concern.
and wild boar researchers found that those nests in the vicinity of feeding sites were depredated twice more.
and potential consequences said Nuria Selva leader of a project funded by the National Science Centre to investigate the ecological effects of supplementary feeding.
and for taking a wider ecosystem perspective rather than focusing on single issues or species said Teresa Berezowska-Cnota co-author of the study.
All our actions in the environment have some effects and providing food is not an exception.
This snapshot of the world of flu virus diversity in birds is the outcome of many years of ecology
which borrows on approaches used by ecologists to estimate the diversity of flu viruses in a particular location.
#Santorini tree rings support the traditional dating of the volcanic eruptionwill the dating of the volcanic eruption of Santorini remain an unsolved mystery?
However an international team of researchers led by Paolo Cherubini from The swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow
which in the case of the period of the volcanic eruption is based on tree-ring measurements from trees that are more than 4000 years old.
The above story is provided based on materials by Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL.
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences.
and with the challenges of population growth and climate change the need for efficient food production has never been greater.
Eight strategies to cut the environmental and economic costs of keeping livestock such as cows goats
But exposed to hot climates tropical diseases and sub-optimal housing the cows produce much less milk
Despite ruminant livestock's poor image as major greenhouse gas emitters sustainably managed grazing can increase biodiversity maintain ecosystem services
and improve carbon capture by plants and soil. A cow produces up to 70 kg of manure per day providing enough fertilizer in a year for one hectare of wheat equivalent to 128 kg of synthetic nitrogen that might
A global network of research farms--known as farm platforms--can evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of these
when climate change and increasing population pressure requires the development of methods to produce more food with fewer irrigation resources.
you can feel warm and fuzzy about preserving the environment. A study led by Joshua Pearce of Michigan Technological University has shown that making your own plastic 3d printer filament from milk jugs uses less energy--often a lot less than recycling milk jugs conventionally.
Metaboliteswith colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (Germany) the KU Leuven researchers identified the metabolites that kill the nematodes.
#Climate change: Improving heat tolerance in treesis it possible to improve tolerance of trees to high temperatures
and other types of stress derived of climate change? A research group of the Universidad Politã cnica de Madrid (UPM) led by Luis GÃ mez a professor of the Forestry School
This model change has significant ecological consequences. The role of forests is essential for climate change mitigation and biodiversity preservation amongst others.
A documentary El Bosque Protector co-produced by the UPM and available on A la Carta of RTVE shows the result of this study.
Besides a recent multidisciplinary study published in Nature Climate Change journal reveals that global warming is also accelerating deforestation of the planet.
The result of the study has been published in the journal Science of the Total Environment. Within the INMA project that studies childhood
and the environment research has been carried out into the extent to which nonsmoking pregnant women from Asturias Gipuzkoa Sabadell
but we believe that it has to do withour region's climate and lifestyles. Story Source:
and officials make decisions based on historical weather patterns says doctoral student Vikalp Mishra. In areas where water is in short supply irrigation infrastructure can be expensive
Moisture data are derived from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES GOES data are inputted into the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model previously developed by Dr. Mecikalski and others.
Mishra applies as many quantified inputs about crops and weather conditions possible to this model except one:
and Remote Sensing Laboratory covered a 10-square-kilometer area that included dry land-farmed crops relying on rainfall only irrigated crops varying crop types pasture and fallow land.
and elsewhere could use to help them make decisions to cope with variability in annual rainfall he says.
To delay or prevent insect pests from evolving resistance to Bt crops the U s. Environmental protection agency promotes the use of multiple Bt genes in plants
#Central Hardwoods forest vulnerabilities, climate change impacts reviewed by reporthigher temperatures more heavy precipitation and drought.
and the Missouri Ozarks according to a new report by the U s. Forest Service and partners that assesses the vulnerability of the region's forest ecosystems
and its ability to adapt to a changing climate. More than 30 scientists and forest managers contributed to the report
which is part of the Central Hardwoods Climate Change Response Framework a collaboration of federal state academic and private partners led by the Forest Service's Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS).
Central Hardwoods Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Central Hardwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project was published by the U s. Forest Service's Northern Research Station
and is available online at: http://www. nrs. fs. fed. us/pubs/45430people often think of climate change as being distant
either geographically or temporally said Leslie Brandt the report's lead author and a climate change specialist with NIACS.
Our intent was to create a climate change resource that will be relevant to people who work study recreate manage
and care about the ecosystems in the Central Hardwoods Region. In the Central Hardwoods the effects of a changing climate are expected to include rising temperatures due to a rise in greenhouse gas concentrations leading to longer growing seasons.
Winter temperatures are expected also to increase in the area leading to changes in snow cover
and soil frost. The nature and timing of precipitation will change research suggests with some studies showing that climate change will decrease soil moisture later in the growing season.
Other findings of the vulnerability assessment include: Plants animals and people all depend on forests and may all face additional challenges as temperatures increase
and precipitation patterns shift said John Shuey a co-author of the study and Director of Conservation Science for the Indiana Chapter of The Nature Conservancy.
We can start managing for the future today by nudging our forests towards species adapted to withstand future climates.
More than a century of weather records demonstrate a changing climate for the Central Hardwoods a region that is 40 percent forested with about 80 percent of forested land privately owned.
Over the past 30 years more rain has been falling as heavy precipitation events of 3 inches or greater.
Since the 1970s a decrease in snow cover has led to an increase in soil frost.
Confronting the challenge of climate change presents opportunities for managers and other decision-makers to plan ahead foster resilient landscapes
and ensure that the benefits that forests provide are sustained into the future said Michael T. Rains Director of the Northern Research Station and the Forest Products Laboratory.
The BEEHAVE model published today in the Journal of Applied Ecology was created to investigate the losses of honeybee colonies that have been reported in recent years
A team of scientists led by Professor Juliet Osborne from the Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter (and previously at Rothamsted Research) developed BEEHAVE
and anyone interested in bees to predict colony development and honey production under different environmental conditions and beekeeping practices.
and that lack of forage over extended periods leaves them vulnerable to other environmental factors.
The advantage is that each of these factors can be tested in a virtual environment in different combinations before testing in the field.
It involved collaboration between ecologists and modellers from Exeter (Professor Osborne Dr Becher and Dr Kennedy who started the project at Rothamsted Research) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research--UFZ Leipzig (Professor Grimm and Ms
Horn) and Syngenta (Dr P Thorbek). Professor Osborne's research group studies the behaviour and ecology of bees and other pollinators.
They started the project when based at Rothamsted Research and moved to the University of Exeter in 2012.
This virtual hive is an important new research tool to help us understand how changes to the environment impact on bee health.
At least this is what scientists from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ) and the University of GÃ ttingen have concluded from their investigations on Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) which is able to abort its own seeds to prevent parasite infestation.
The results are the first ecological evidence of complex behaviour in plants. They indicate that this species has a structural memory is able to differentiate between inner and outer conditions as well as anticipate future risks scientists write in the journal American Naturalist.
therefore that plant intelligence is entering the realms of ecological possibility. But how does the Barberry know what is in store for it after the tephritid fruit fly has punctured a berry?
The above story is provided based on materials by Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
which shows that temperate ecosystems consisted not just of dense forest as often assumed but rather a mosaic of forest and parkland says postdoctoral fellow Chris Sandom.
Bring back the large animals to Europeif people want to restore self-managing varied landscapes they can draw on the knowledge provided by the new study about the composition of natural ecosystems in the past.
An important way to create more self-managing ecosystems with a high level of biodiversity is to make room for large herbivores in the European landscape--and possibly reintroduce animals such as wild cattle bison and even elephants.
and maintain a varied vegetation in temperate ecosystems and thereby ensure the basis for a high level of biodiversity says senior scientist Rasmus Ejrnã s. The study received financial support from the 15 june Foundation and a grant from the European Research Council.
How much does the portfolio of chemicals generated by plants vary depending on the surrounding environment and
They are also at great risk due to climate change and other human interference such as mining cattle ranching and agriculture.
for understanding how climate change and human activities on the ground might affect forest function in this century.
and climate change are two very obvious pressures on the western Amazon. They are already threatening whole patches in a kaleidoscopic quilt of chemical diversity that underpins these ecosystems.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Carnegie Institution. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
as a result of climate change said Luigi Guarino a study co-author and senior scientist at the Global Crop Diversity Trust headquartered in Germany.
International agencies have hammered away in recent years with the message that agriculture must produce more food for over 9 billion people by 2050 said co-author Andy Jarvis director of policy research at CIAT and leader for climate
change adaptation with the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food security (CCAFS) which CIAT leads
and over-nutrition but also to protect global food supplies against the impacts of global climate change.
The lack of a modern glossary for resistance was brought recently to our attention by an initiative of the U s. Environmental protection agency (EPA) seeking input on definitions of terms about resistance said Dr. Mark Whalon one of the co-authors from Michigan State university
and who also serves as the Entomological Society of America's Liaison to the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs.
but decisive regulatory action by the EPA is stalled still in part because an effective definition of resistance is lacking in this case.
#Spanish forest ecosystems: Carbon emission will be higher in second half of centuryspanish forest ecosystems will quite probably emit high quantities of carbon dioxide in the second half of the 21st century.
This is the conclusion of a report that reviews the results obtained from the implementation of the forest simulation model GOTILWA+a tool to simulate forest growth processes under several environmental conditions
and to optimize Mediterranean forests management strategies in the context of climate change. The report was published on the latest issue of the ecology
and environment journal Ecosistemas edited by the Spanish Association of Terrestrial Ecology. Peer review was led by professors Santiago Sabatã and Carlos Gracia of the Department of Ecology at the University of Barcelona (UB) and the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF) and the expert Daniel Nadal of UB
's former Department. The study analyses data obtained from the simulation forest growth model GOTILWA+(Growth Of Trees Is limited by WATER) based on ecophysiological processes.
The model enables to explore the effects of climate change on forestry ecosystems under changed environmental conditions
and to simulate different management scenarios and compare them. Future perspectives for Spanish forestsin climate change scenarios simulated by the model GOTILWA+--within the Consolider-Ingenio project Montes
and the research project Med-Forestream--net primary productivity of Spanish forests (how much carbon dioxide plants take in during photosynthesis minus how much carbon dioxide they release during respiration) will decrease from the second half of this century.
Consequently woodlands that now drain carbon will become carbon producers because plant respiration (a process in
Climate change involves an increase of aridity and evaporative rates. In this context simulations show that an increase of evapotranspiration will occur in Spanish forests;
it will have a negative impact on other ecosystems for example on rivers. The most sensitive areasthe most sensitive areas to climate change effects are Mediterranean forests of evergreen oak Alepo pine
and Scots pine located in the southwest of the Iberian peninsula. Forest located in the northwest will be affected also as simulations show a severe precipitation decrease in this area.
key to mitigate climate change impactin the report Gracia Sabatã and Nadal highlight that management strategies adapted to environmental changes are crucial to the conservation of Iberian forests
and the resources they provide to society. Particularly it is essential to consider that Mediterranean forest ecosystems'growth is limited already by water availability.
Furthermore authors point out that in order to solve the limitations of GOTILWA+the model is under a process of revision and innovation.
weather conditions and edaphological characteristics plant physiology and main features concerning structure and population conclude researchers.
and are an important element of many ecosystems throughout the world. Not only do fires discourage nonnative and invasive species from becoming established
For plants that are adapted to ecosystems where fire is a regular occurrence--such as savannas grasslands
For instance it may be advantageous to use species from the specific ecosystem under study when creating the solutions.
and new environments Pettigrew said. The pigs in the study challenged with E coli that had been fed any of the three plant extracts had a lower frequency of diarrhea (20 percent) than the pigs fed the control diet (40 percent.
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
if climate doesif significant climate change occurs in the United states it may be necessary to change where certain foods are produced
and director of the Agriculture Food and Environment program at the Friedman School the authors evaluated the degree to
and North carolina and most of the lettuce is grown in California's Salinas Valley Looking ahead there is the potential for climate change to disrupt food production in those key areas.
If irrigation in the Central Valley of California was reduced due to climate change could other regions make up for that drop in production?
Our future research will look at the complex interactions between soil suitability climate land use and infrastructure and explore the policy barriers to agricultural expansion
#Less snowpack will harm ecosystem, study showsa new Boston University study shows that the consequences of milder winters--a smaller snowpack leaving the ground to freeze harder and longer--can have a negative impact on trees and water quality of nearby aquatic
ecosystems far into the warmer growing season. In a paper in the journal Global Change Biology BU biology Prof.
and trigger widespread harmful consequences to humans and the environment Most people think that climate change means hot sweltering summer months
but it affects the winter as well said ecologist Templer currently on fellowship at Harvard university noting that winter snowpack has been shrinking over the past 50 years due to climate change
Templer and her colleagues discovered that a thick layer of snow acts as an insulating blanket.
when with deep snow. This means the ground could be frozen solid longer into the spring.
Orange underbellies of female lizards signal fertilityaustralian lizards are attracted to females with the brightest orange patches--but preferably not too large--on their underbelly according to research published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Ecology
and environmental evidence indicates that after the ancestors of Native americans left Asia they spent 10000 years in shrubby lowlands on a broad land bridge that once linked Siberia and Alaska.
O'Rourke says cumulative evidence indicates the ancestors of Native americans lived on the Bering land bridge in the neighborhood of 10000 years from roughly 25000 years ago until they began moving into The americas about 15000 years ago once glacial ice
but glaciers. The absence of archaeological sites and the inhospitable nature of open treeless landscape known as tundra steppe mean that archaeologists have not given much credence to the idea there was a population that lived on the Bering land bridge
O'Rourke and colleagues say that in recent years paleoecologists--scientists who study ancient environments--drilled sediment cores from the Bering sea and Alaskan bogs.
and saying look there was an environment with trees and shrubs that was very different than the open grassy steppe.
As the glaciers melted sea levels began to rise reaching current levels 6000 years ago. During the long glacial period Siberia and Alaska were linked by the Bering land bridge
and ultimately South america as retreating glaciers provided routes for southern migration. Several other genetic-genomic analyses of Native american populations have resulted in similar conclusions he adds.
For a long time many of us thought the land bridge was a uniform tundra-steppe environment--a broad windswept grassland devoid of shrubs
That suggests Beringia was not a uniform tundra-steppe environment but a patchwork of environments including substantial areas of lowland shrub tundra O'Rourke says.
These shrub-tundra areas were likely refugia for a population that would be invisible archaeologically
The local environments likely were not as daunting as many have assumed for years. They probably hunkered down pretty good in the winter though.
The idea that rising sea levels covered evidence of human migration to The americas has long been cited by researchers studying how early Native americans moved south along the Pacific coast as the glaciers receded and sea levels rose.
and therefore monopolize key resources needed to maintain Earth's fragile ecosystems. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Michigan State university.
#Methane leaks from palm oil wastewater are a climate concernin recent years palm oil production has come under fire from environmentalists concerned about the deforestation of land in the tropics to make way for new palm plantations.
Now there is a new reason to be concerned about palm oil's environmental impact according to researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder.
An analysis published Feb 26 in the journal Nature Climate Change shows that the wastewater produced during the processing of palm oil is a significant source of heat-trapping methane in the atmosphere.
This year global methane emissions from palm oil wastewater are expected to equal 30 percent of all fossil fuel emissions from Indonesia where widespread deforestation for palm oil production has endangered orangutans.
This is a largely overlooked dimension of palm oil's environmental problems said lead author Philip Taylor a postdoctoral researcher at CU-Boulder's Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR.
But while deforestation is expected to slow as the focus shifts to more intensive agriculture on existing plantations the emissions from wastewater lagoons will continue unabated
However the climate impact of the leaking methane could be mitigated by capturing the gas and using it to fuel power plants.
Tapping into that unused fuel supply could yield both financial and environmental benefits the authors said.
Year after year there are differences in the field as far as climate disease pressure insect pressure--so sometimes we have to go to the lab to figure out why it works one time and not another.
This will help researchers design tools to effectively combine multiple traits into new cultivars adapted to the globally changing climate in this
but preliminary trials show the new radar system can detect changes of as little as a millimetre--about the amount the Pine Island Glacier melts in just 30 minutes.
Where changing ocean currents interact with the underside of the ice shelf the rate of melting can change season by season month by month even over days or hours.
Pine Island Glacier is thought to be highly sensitive to climate variability and has thinned rapidly over recent decades.
which is eating away at the underside of the ice shelf floating at the edge of Pine Island Glacier said Dr Keith Nicholls of The british Antarctic Survey A continuous record of seasonal changes which is
and environment can cause problems for farmers and animals Weary says adding that the switch from an individual pen to a paired one is often as simple as removing a partition.
and thus less able to habituate to changes in their environment says Prof Dan Weary.
Plants are suited best to specific ecological conditions. You don't find mesquite trees growing in Canada
#Vegetation and climate: New gas-phase compounds form organic particle ingredientsscientists have made an important step in order to better understand the relationships between vegetation and climate.
So-called extremely low-volatility organic compounds which are produced by plants could be detected for the first time during field and laboratory experiments in Finland and Germany.
These organic species contribute to the formation of aerosol that can affect climate and air quality they report in this week's issue of the journal Nature.
or act as nuclei for cloud droplets. These processes have a major influence on the climate and are therefore of special scientific interest.
However the model calculations have been very inaccurate as there are still large gaps in our knowledge concerning the role of the compounds emitted by plants during the transition between gaseous and solid state.
This uncertainty also affects all climate models. Large uncertainties do primarily exist regarding the growth of newly formed particles towards cloud nuclei on
thus initiating the formation of clouds. The particle growth in the diameter range between about three and one hundred nanometers requires low-volatile organic vapors as has been speculated.
To prevent this the ELVOCS are ionized directly under atmospheric conditions in the gas phase and subsequently transported as an electrically charged ELVOC-molecule into the sensor (mass spectrometer) where the detection takes place.
This powerful analytical method using mass spectrometric detection is called CI-API-TOF (chemical ionization--atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
There is still quite large uncertainty in climate models at this point the lead author states.
The formation of the new ELVOCS influences cloud formation and hence the climate the scientists conclude.
The new findings will help to better estimate different land use effects and especially the effects of vegetation on the climate.
As a result the climate models can be improved which had taken not sufficiently into account the growth of nanoparticles caused by these compounds produced in boreal regions.
or promote cloud formation both important climate feedbacks. The study is published Feb 27 in Nature. In many forested regions you can go
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has named aerosols generally one of the biggest unknowns for climate change.
and at 100 nanometers they are large enough to condense water vapor and prompt cloud formation.
and grow to a size big enough to influence climate. I think unravelling that chemistry is going to have some profound impacts on how we describe atmospheric chemistry generally Thornton said.
#Climate change puts wheat crops at risk of diseasethere is a risk that severity of epidemics of some wheat diseases may increase within the next ten to twenty years due to the impacts of climate change
The researchers carried out a survey in China to establish a link between weather and the severity of epidemics of fusarium ear blight on the wheat crops.
This weather-based model was used then to predict the impact on severity of the disease of future weather scenarios for the period from 2020 to 2050.
There is considerable debate about the impact of climate change on crop production --and making sure that we have sufficient food to feed the ever-growing global population is key to our future food security.
We know that the weather plays a big part in the development of the disease on the wheat crops--the incidence of the disease is determined by temperature and the occurrence of wet weather at the flowering or anthesis of the wheat crops.
When the weather-based model developed at Rothamsted Research was used to predict how climate change may affect the wheat crops it was predicted that wheat flowering dates will generally be earlier
The research suggests that climate change will increase the risk of serious ear blight epidemics on winter wheat in Central China by the middle of this century (2020-2050.
Similar conclusions were reached about impacts of climate change on wheat in the UK where climate change models are predicting warmer wetter winters for the country.
and our future food security is threatened by climate change and an ever-growing population it is essential to improve the control of crop diseases like fusarium ear blight around the globe.
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